Quantum Mechantes 2 falluse Uae icOl mechanics - a theories wexe net able to explat Photoctectnic opect » spectrum of Hyd ack bedy sadiatisn y compton eyect ' = iF lack Body &, Radiatien, e which abioxbs tompletoly alt the 1 Saett upen it ta vated a» black bed. ch black bedy ist which is _Knotun as 6 melas of blac bedyy_dacan't Exist can_mate® black becy out Hig) [alinmphinek + Platinum black behawe cisse |__ A holiow topper sphere | L4is ig 1). coated with | ___linnex suxface +0: fir e ine hele with op enter. the. sad multi pls absoudedt ation not escape os wawetength out qch iy p2t $f | These classfot dais have niga tobi fa ee at Sein 11 stophen's Law ( stofen’s da) ii 4 wein 5 daw Baal 2 py for StRayleigh Jeon daw) Sse a se lebiewattens dusting black bey spectuum (qxophet) = 2:\the Blagk Bedi spectsuict capensis soli so tenapenatune §- =| the object nA Ac intxeases ( T.é Te < 13 S447 |it_ennfta_moxe energy {black b energy) ot Ql. wave Longines | 2 Bie Ma) aa i Bisa = 3H Alao,, wlth Ines Tn temperatune , the peak wavelength —— {blacks beoly becomes shoxtex. + moves to \tept aide = __—— Gay temp 5 the energy. is. net _—— TU ee SEU } Hien Inifinuty. incneases swith wavele 2 Emax + finaly. dec eases with ©but in classical phystis Since thexe Ts_no. mit. 1p how gxent tne frequency can be, thewe.ta.no bre 4 0% limit to the enengiy. ¢ |ctassteot Explainotion {ox black bec spectaumn — Stepon?’s Law- ft states that tetal sodiand heat encxay emitied _|4yusm the suxface is dixectly puepoxtional to the fouxth | powion of fts absolute temperature | whene «is stepen*s Lenstonde ——— eo = 567x108 Ww) mt] ke ~ oip ec Att | steon's: sow explains the black dy specinum bubit jaila Joo higher tempercitunes (Y-8 yi Taian hes |wein%s displacement daw :- 12 stakes thatiaublack bedi howd gy Emax _In_fnvewsely a udavelengih Ama caxnying. mor: pnext _pxepoxtisnal 0 absolute fermpexasuxe = 6 me} | AmaeT © b (eonstant ) 2 be 2893 £10oie Wein’ daw 44 valid only fox lower wwnwelength: Ot hiapa. Z fuequencios sl =o lrayleigh = Jean dads = a z PydA = BmKet dad A at vali fox higher A lower faequencies ) tl] . eo x |Wuxaviotet. catastxophe: er} A ee fata between the sbsexvation {classical prysiis "is calied as uttnaviclet calastxopne += Ihe dlecrepaniy between the theosup experiment. is cated —jualtnavtotet —“Cotasinephe aoe Planck: 8 s lee il + >| Planck's Aaoliatien dow ='Pianck 's eee ate =. ae phlaass heal xadiations = mz L foumula. to expiafn the serie. enegy distaloution of; black. lacks body} —__ folleusing assumptions _thambex fs filled up with mp! harmonic ese?liatoxsa a Fi _(2)|the_feequency 9} xadialioa emitted Lg the 2 eidilaton ta same as the fwequenty of vibyatien. " ~ (|The _esdiliaton ox sesenoter cannet wodiate ov abso —£nerg centinueusly sather ft absorb or wadiate ent pn ale canid ia ep eneupy po. En = nhv © @ assumptions = __ @|pextvation ee “taptial N Ts the total numbex o planck's ssiillazer oO _| Tiessnoton ana copitot € is the total cuties planck's __—_testillaton ope = € | Ate L er ——_pThe_auexage enon 123 equal 40_. ietal enexaiy per Nas—__ @ Tota. Enengy CE) % an osttliate = E= Neen TNC, T Nyey + __£ = 0 + NAV + Ny (Bhv) + Wi ahv za = (ne oT) ny (Nae 20K) (Any) (ng cae -—— { ee é Sto TE vy [Riles ag ag VIET, sete = ear SVT ee E PEP eet C ne de 2 oat Dbnv inn a lee mem nw a | (i= fF | ie te f=, ene a \ hy mle KT) * fee hoe PY7KT (hy) eoLordd ae ie till [penton tio De Biss ass Le PT) tat sot otewr et Fe ec Ee ann (6)? a> eh en Ty fetaea = 8xhe 4a Sener AP (prsdaicit) ALS elayda 4 Planck's xadiasigal _ fn_touns Of A “7 tofu f32 aylogh Jean tow © pexivation « weln’s Oisplacement saw 4 using Plank 's sxadiation Agw — L €fap = ba he sx da | AZ enelakrn ey eRelAKT 55 4a fet ete ew + x Gnd as (eh. st ier Le ee) axa Lana) pe HT at : es P { Peiyettahen gu ai as — fete are en = could be tea undleusi66d - that quam In_planck's gsci! is eeceete oe Nha! body but Ht Ht fs Geaenat concep. | sf “Numerals Weed | ut 3 displacement, estimate the temp of aun ie sea 3 Wein! s oastant =00+2498 un=K ol" Oy using agg T ££ easton AANA 4980x10% em xX 7 © 0+ 499 um x T= 0-442 UN EK 4900'x 10-® umAm 4754 A_».b = 0-893 m= doy eb 0.899 em=de 4153 x 10°* eon. xin deg Pesutie Lengtoetcetsutc.c joxpoxence. Polasinaticn.»———~ a ____ Bffrotion.) — “4 el rant ike patina means quanta ot Packer Sf enexgy /pnetone b3 Tol veer ieaiat sloaultaneossalyp<———— y polsie ela Pan} Of—24, | ¢ = me* le _« by Letoatetn. Relation. 4 nioack 4 Aasumphont olor tnens tage _4.| 7p .the charged povuticle fi eed A (9) ‘Lease = a7 " ne.de= angie wavelength assectatset ulin Ugay tio b £0U8t than thar o heavfour. paxitde AEN ae She cle Pregiie twaveteagti of. son mowing. partic thantnas fp. foat-mesfog. pas fa genes r [sake t5fnjan | % Davison Geumer, xb 2\4ase we expextmentar evidence ¢ matte Yo Ox. wow roght = + 2s (a Brogtte 2 eof! MUMS WAVE NOLUXC GF olectson niton | pt (Bee. tHe << 77 bitfraued beam 3 =] > wickel Cuystal a ro aaa r aa = oe = __ heeamin chambes, mote. —eor-emeuated: ES = = — — ; camber ae 11 e1ectnon gunn = tt faust fou the eniiten of clectwens which ‘ond |ses_me_Kungaten. fiement- coated sufi baxium oxide et ginc oxide i ne s = a Zoh_tonsfon = Electuons emitted from. fhe guo_w ——_|arcelewated oo OE *t abet igh tensfon_ a | vocumn chamwben — fox fuee movomend- ree uiheut” al alk fnepfatonce) 10 prevent doflertion 4 searroring $ em made _ SH} adores — 2 ate ine o> , she omiHect u pons through 0. ciglind ow, Ar uth is — ———Se {potfosatod vutth pine hoteas dpi 8 ads thus Predation fiinevecun. 2 Tha_beam. pusdusced Jrvom the uftincen. fh mode 10 fous) om the fausyoci of ofcKel suysiod is Aiplects e° tearm Iowscu as pp & oletectox. s — ~ = H Movable derecion D = heistatiencd €” bears a coll ontey — {by FoNoday chamber \uiich fs: cabled: collet tor . Thiy, (OU — Tht apne xotating én a dxuutor ovale to Keceive — — | inal diwections 2 —f |Yalvanemerox - he wllecior is connecied.td aa pallive gal ——}eotelex ware deflection 4 a measuns oe” worcentuatign —— —jlo_faxoday. chamber lip aa Soh Hea, oP = 80aena I ; iio i ge at _ att gia ne expels 2 lumcept of matior waves 1 venir t = TLAGE PMO Ca = a ecto gun "gun heated! oy [wis —_ olectuen beams — exe dmiied at destued velocity. by appliginn. “aubtanle | pot niga uclnge poses sully. Gime es wore rade to pose nuouph a alia fo e_eotlmated beam on_the_guusyace eel uy: es in au dixections waticel 40 cose te Hate esLmeasuned wfiti tie betp of faxadayp detection (e detos ions ~~ Ola jalyanemeler. _tennevted tothe tauiedior. + ine det leehien +¢Spaleanemeler is prepertional to_tintenstig op Sodident-e= * L —Lteam sole Uae mere Lae | the basic thought behind the pavissen Younen, Experiment usoy [lithe twewes deflected! from divgexent atomic layer SF ALC cape uit have fied phase differcace: Aplen woplection 5 He saves | pintexpexe either tonstussctively ex lesimuciively 4 hence» urdusl | dip xaction pabroun « » f a Gsollp elects = Bae RemPeC ARS + - ———— | y i Matton UAaves ge sobyet) | é phase! w= oagillan tmp i am : | | (seas) Se eaie | LF an eee ok! ts also tated ay : Were wuawe Jarier ox pagation censtont| of, —d {uit =Ke) = 0 ——<— ta Al afr atin Kg me Dus eh ea Nee a ee phase = constan. eotfating eg” @ web times yl ao = ee Ww = Kx - | at as | c_ wekde 2 a 7 ————— L &E A bay 4 | fienanse, 3 a | e . os 2 pasate [issitaop = ly wT 4 aa felation bw phase yelecity ¢ paxticle velocity ~ Gimp) Se Rew K ecany | 2 vis ant an ee