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01 Introduction

The graph is disconnected because there is no path between A and C.

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27 views

01 Introduction

The graph is disconnected because there is no path between A and C.

Uploaded by

Ephrem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Social Network Analysis:

Introduction
Instructor: Dr. Mani Sarma Vittapu
Contact Number:0904388477
Email ID:[email protected]
Outline
• What is a Network?
• Social Networks
• Social network analysis(SNA)
• Syllabus & Main Themes
• Introduction to Graph Theory
WHAT IS A NETWORK?
Networks are everywhere…

Transportation
Biological

Ecological Computing
What is a network?
• Intuitively(Naturally): Objects and
Links
• Objects: people, airports, concepts,
computers, web pages, etc…
• Links: friends, inheritance, co-
occurrence, predation, etc…
Social Network
A site that facilitates peer to peer communication Within a group or between
individuals through Providing facilities to develop user generated Content(UGC)
and to exchange messages and Comments between different users

How do these networks differ from each other?

• Directed vs. Undirected Example'of'Undirected'Graphs:'F


acebook,'CoGpresence''
• Different structural shapes Examples'of'Directed:'Twitter,'E
• Behavior vs. Structure mail,'Phone'Calls
• Static vs. Dynamic
• ...
“The Social Network” in 2010
Dfn: A social network is...
A description of the social structure between actors, mostly
individuals or organizations.
It indicates the ways in which they are connected through various social familiarities ranging from
casual acquaintance (Associated) to close familiar bonds.
SNA Main Themes (E&K 1.2)

1. Graph Theory: Describe structure


2. Game Theory: Describe behavior
3. Strategic Interaction: Choosing behavior
4. Information Networks: Nodes convey information
5. Population Effects of Network Dynamics:
influence and conformity, etc
6. Structural Effects of Network Dynamics:
cascading and contagion
7. Institutions/Aggregate Behavior
GRAPH THEORY BASICS
oGraph
oNode
oEdge
oAdjacency Matrix
oDirected
oUndirected
oWeighted
A set of objects/
A Network is a Graph individuals

• Dfn: A graph G is a tuple (V, E)


• Edges in E connect vertices in V
Set of links
between objects
• Dfn: A neighbor set N(v) is the set
of vertices adjacent to v.
Set of vertices u

N (v)  {u V | u  v, (v, u )  E}
Neighbors of v not v itself There’s an edge
Individual Exercise:

For the pictured network, write:


V=
E=
N(A) =
N(J) =
N(M) =
Graphs: Adjacency Matrix
• N(v) pre-calc A
A
0
B
1
C
0
D
…
E F G H I J K L M

B 1 0 0 …
C 0 0 ... 1
D … … 1
E 1 1
F 1 1
G 1 1 1
H 1 1 1
I 1 1
J 1 1 1
K 1 1 1
L 1 1
M 1 1
Graphs: Undirected/Directed
A A

E B E B

D C D C

• Edges: defined by 2 vertices v and u


• Undirected: unordered (v, u)
• Directed: ordered (v, u)
Individual Exercise:

A A

E B E B

D C D C

For the pictured undirected and directed


graphs, write the adjacency matrices.
Graphs: Node Degree
• Dfn: The node degree is the
number of neighbors a node has.
A
deg=3

|N(v)|
E B

D C

Note: Network’s degree distribution


allows classification of network
Graphs: Paths & Cycles
• Dfn: A path is a sequence of nodes
where pairs of consecutive nodes are
connected by an edge.
• Directed graph: direction matters!
• Dfn: A cycle is a path where the start
node is also the end node A

E B

Paths? Cycles? D C
Graphs: Path Length/Distance
• Dfn: The distance between 2 nodes in
a graph = length of the shortest path
linking the 2 nodes
• Note: Need to find shortest path!
• Dfn: The diameter of the graph is the
max distance between a node pair A
E B

Distance? Diameter? D C
Graphs: Connectedness
Not edge!
• Dfn: A graph (or subgraph) is
connected if there is a path between
each pair of nodes.
• If no path, this is disconnected.

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