Unit 2- Installation and configuration of Android- 06M

Syllabus
2.1 Operating System, Java JDK, Android SDK
2.2 Android Development Tools (ADT)
2.3 Android Virtual Devices (AVDs)
2.4 Emulators
2.5 Dalvik Virtual Machine, Difference between JVM and DVM
2.6 Steps to install and configure Android Studio and SDK
Assignment Question
1)List features of Android Operating System.-2M
2) Differentiate between JVM and DVM. 4M
3) Explore the Steps to install and configure Android Studio and SDK . 4M
4) Explain ADT Plugins in detail.2M
5) Define Emulator. 2M
6) Explain ADT Plugins in detail.2M
7)Explain Dalvik Virtual Machine and also write use of DVM. 4M
8)Write Differentiate between Java JDK and Android SDK.4M
9)Explain AVDs(Android Virtual Devices ).
2.1 Operating System, Java JDK, Android SDK
Operating System
•A mobile OS is an operating system for smartphones, tablets, or other mobile devices.
Mobile OS: Android, iOS, Windows phone OS, and Symbian
•Mobile OSs combine features of a personal computer OS with other features useful for
mobile or handheld use; usually including, and most of the following considered
essential in modern mobile systems:-
Touchscreen, cellular, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, GPS mobile navigation, camera, video camera,
speech recognition, voice recorder, music player, etc

Java JDK
The Java Development Kit (JDK) is a software development environment used for
developing Java applications and applets. It includes the Java Runtime Environment
(JRE), an interpreter/loader (java), a compiler (javac), an archiver (jar), a
documentation generator (javadoc) and other tools needed in Java development.
JVM (Java Virtual Machine) is an abstract machine. It is a specification that
provides runtime environment in which java bytecode can be executed.
JVMs are available for many hardware and software platforms (i.e. JVM is
platform
dependent). JVM is a part of Java Run Environment (JRE).
The JVM performs following operation:
o Loads code
o Verifies code
o Executes code
o Provides runtime environment
JRE
The Java Runtime Environment (JRE) is a set of software tools for development of Java
applications. It combines the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), platform core classes and
supporting libraries.
Android SDK
Android development starts with the Android SDK (Software Development Kit). It is a
software development kit that enables developers to create applications for the Android
platform.
The Android SDK (software development kit) is a set of development tools used to
develop applications for Android platform. The Android SDK includes the following:
• Required libraries
• Debugger
• An emulator
• Relevant documentation for the Android application program interfaces (APIs)
• Sample source code
• Tutorials for the Android OS
2.2 Android Development Tools (ADT)
1. Android Studio
Developed by Google, Android Studio is an all-rounder integrated
development environment that allows the Android developers to get what
they desire without an Integrated Development Environment or IDE.
Android has Gradle-base support that has features like visual layout editor,
intelligent code editor, real-time profilers and APK analyzer. It acts just
like any other Java IDE in terms of error investigating and file hierarchy.
2. Visual Studio – Xamarin
Xamarin was launched in 2011 which is the best free IDE for delivering an
enterprise-quality, cross-platform approach. Xamarin supplies add-ins to
Microsoft Visual Studio that allows developers to build Android, iOS, and
Windows apps within the IDE.
3. IntelliJ IDEA
The framework based assistance, productivity boosters, unobtrusive
intelligence, duplicates, and inspections are provided with the IDE. Using
this IDE, you can do in-depth coding, quick navigation, and error analysis.
It supports mobile app development with the help of Java, Scala, Kotlin,
Groovy.
4. Eclipse IDE
It is one of the most popular IDES of Android apps. The open-source software is
free to use. Released under the Eclipse Public License, it holds a large
community having plenty of plugins and configurations. Highly customizable
offers full support for Java programming language and XML.
2.3 Android Virtual Devices (AVDs)
An Android Virtual Device (AVD) is a configuration that defines the
characteristics of an Android phone, tablet, Wear OS, Android TV, or
Automotive OS device that you want to simulate in the Android Emulator.
The AVD Manager is an interface you can launch from
• Android Studio that helps you create and manage AVDs.
• To open the AVD Manager, do one of the following:
• Select Tools > AVD Manager.
• Click AVD Manager in the toolbar.
• To create a new AVD:
Simulate in the Android Emulator. The AVD Manager is an interface you can
launch from Android Studio that helps you create and manage AVDs.
To open the AVD Manager, do one of the following:
1)Select Tools > AVD Manager.
2) Click AVD Manager in the toolbar.
To create a new AVD:
1. Open the AVD Manager by clicking Tools > AVD Manager.
2. Click Create Virtual Device, at the bottom of the AVD Manager dialog. The
Select Hardware page appears.
3. Select a hardware profile, and then click Next.
4. Select the system image for a particular API level, and then click Next.
5. Change AVD properties as needed, and then click Finish. Now you get a new
AVD ready for launching your apps on it.
2.4 Emulators
The Android Emulator simulates Android devices on your computer so that
you can test your application on a variety of devices and Android API levels
without needing to have each physical device.
The emulator provides almost all of the capabilities of a real Android device.
You can simulate incoming phone calls and text messages, specify the
location of the device, simulate different network speeds, simulate rotation
and other hardware sensors, access the Google Play Store, and much more.
Testing your app on the emulator is in some ways faster and easier than doing
so on a physical device. For example, you can transfer data faster to the
emulator than to a device connected over USB.
An Android emulator is an Android Virtual Device (AVD) that represents a
specific Android device. You can use an Android emulator as a target platform
to run and test your Android applications on your PC. Using Android
emulators is optional.
To start the emulator:
1. Open the AVD Manager.
2. Double-click an AVD, or click Run
While the emulator is running, you can run Android Studio projects and
choose the emulator as the target device. You can also drag one or more
APKs onto the emulator to install them, and then run them
2.5 Dalvik Virtual Machine (DVM)
As we know the modern JVM is high performance and provides excellent
memory management. But it needs to be optimized for low-powered
handheld devices as well.
The Dalvik Virtual Machine (DVM) is an android virtual machine
optimized for mobile devices. It optimizes the virtual machine for
memory, battery life and performance.
Dalvik is a name of a town in Iceland. The Dalvik VM was written by
Dan Bornstein. The Dex compiler converts the class files into the .dex
file that run on the Dalvik VM. Multiple class files are converted into one
dex file.
The javac tool compiles the java source file into the class file. The dx tool
takes all the class files of your application and generates a single .dex file.
It is a platform-specific tool. The Android Assets Packaging Tool (aapt)
handles the packaging process.
2.6 Steps to install and configure Android Studio
and SDK
Installation Follow steps below for complete installation and configuration of Android Studio.
Step
Download Android Studio You can download Android Studio from this link or go to
developer.android.com homepage and search for downloads. Choose appropriate platform
either for windows, mac or linux. Following are the pre requirements for windows operating
system.
Pre-requirements
1) Microsoft windows 7/8/10 (32 or 64 bits)
2) Minimum 3GB RAM (recommended 8GB)
3) 2GB disk space
4) 1280 x 800 minimum screen resolution size
5) Intel processor for accelerated emulator
6) Android SDK
1: Tool bar- It is collection of many tools like cut, copy, paste, run debug and
others.
2: Navigation bar- It helps you to navigate through the recent open files of
your project.
3: Project hierarchy- It is the hierarchy of your project’s folders.
4: Component Tree- It shows component used in an activity in the form of a
tree structure.
5: Properties window- It shows properties of selected item on the screen.
6: Layout editor- It shows graphical layout, how your app will look like.
7: Palette window- Palette window shows component, layouts, and widgets
available in Android Studio.
 Steps to create android Studio
1. Install the latest version of Android Studio.
2. In the Welcome to Android Studio window, click Start a new Android
Studio project.If you have a project already opened, select File > New >
New Project.
3. In the Choose your project window, select Empty Activity and click Next
4. In the Configure your project window, complete the following:
• Enter "My First App" in the Name field.
• Enter "com.example.myfirstapp" in the Package name field.
• If you'd like to place the project in a different folder, change its Save location.
• Select either Java or Kotlin from the Language drop-down menu.
• Select the checkbox next to Use androidx.* artifacts.
• Leave the other options as they are.
5. Click Finish.
1) app > java > com.example.myfirstapp > MainActivity :This is the
main activity. It's the entry point for your app. When you build and run
your app, the system launches an instance of this Activity and loads its
layout.
2) app > res > layout > activity_main.xml: This XML file defines the
layout for the activity's user interface (UI). It contains a TextView
element with the text "Hello, World!"
3) app > manifests > AndroidManifest.xml: The manifest file
describes the fundamental characteristics of the app and defines each of
its components.
4) Gradle Scripts > build.gradle: There are two files with this name:
one for the project, "Project: My First App," and one for the app module,
"Module: app." Each module has its own build.gradle file, but this
project currently has just one module.
Set up your device as follows:
1. Connect your device to your development machine with a USB cable. If you
developed on Windows, you might need to install the appropriate USB driver for
your device.
2. Perform the following steps to enable USB debugging in the Developer options
window:
a. Open the Settings app.
b. If your device uses Android v8.0 or higher, select System. Otherwise, proceed to
the next step.
c. Scroll to the bottom and select About phone.
d. Scroll to the bottom and tap Build number seven times.
e. Return to the previous screen, scroll to the bottom, and tap Developer options.
f. In the Developer options window, scroll down to find and enable USB debugging.
Run the app on your device as follows:
1. In Android Studio, select your app from the run/debug configurations drop-down menu in the
toolbar.
2. In the toolbar, select the device that you want to run your app on from the target device drop-
down menu.
• Run on an emulator Run the app on an emulator as follows:
• 1. In Android Studio, create an Android Virtual Device (AVD) that the
emulator can use to install and run your app.
• 2. In the toolbar, select your app from the run/debug configurations drop-
down menu.
• 3. From the target device drop-down menu, select the AVD that you want
to run your app on.