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Logical Fallacies

The document lists and provides brief examples of 14 common logical fallacies: appeal to authority, appeal to force, appeal to ignorance, appeal to pity, appeal to people, appeal to the man, circular argument, equivocation, fallacy of division, false dilemma, hasty generalization, red herring, slippery slope, and strawman fallacy.

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11 views

Logical Fallacies

The document lists and provides brief examples of 14 common logical fallacies: appeal to authority, appeal to force, appeal to ignorance, appeal to pity, appeal to people, appeal to the man, circular argument, equivocation, fallacy of division, false dilemma, hasty generalization, red herring, slippery slope, and strawman fallacy.

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vankoocart
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CRESPO, Claire Angela D.

12/6/18
IS114- Van’t Hoff Engr. Sucaldito

LOGICAL FALLACIES

1. Argumentum Ad Verecundiam (Appeal to Authority)

“One day, aliens will enslave us all. It’s true. My science teacher says so.”

2. Argumentum Ad Baculum (Appeal to Force)

Melvin: Boss, why do I have to wear this goofy-looking hardhat?


Boss: It is state law; therefore, company policy. No hat, no job.

3. Argumentum Ex Silencio (Appeal to Ignorance)

Jay: Dude, did you eat my fries?


Bob: (says nothing)
Jay: I KNEW you ate them!

4. Argumentum Ad Misericordiam (Appeal to Pity)

“I really deserve an “A” on this paper, professor. Not only did I study during my
grandmother’s funeral, but I also passed up the heart transplant surgery, even though
that was the first matching donor in 3 years.”

5. Argumentum Ad Populum (Appeal to People)

“Almost everyone at my school will be partying tomorrow, Thursday night. It must be the
right thing to do.”

“The majority of people believe advertisers should spend more money on billboards, so
billboards are objectively the best form of advertisement.”

6. Argumentum Ad Hominem (Appeal to the man)

“Red roots for Golden State Warriors. Clearly, he’s unfit to be a police chief in
Minnesota.”

7. Petitio Principii (Circular Argument)

“Abstract art isn’t even an art. Those lines, pictures, and sculptures do not represent
anything, and that’s how you know it’s not even an art.”
8. Equivocation

“The priest told me I should have faith. I have faith that my son will do well in school this
year Therefore, the priest should be happy with me.”

9. Fallacy of Division

“My 102-year-old neighbor is a card-carrying member of an organization of thugs that


requires its members to kick babies. Therefore, my neighbor is a thug... and she wears
way too much perfume.”

10. False Dilemma

“Either you love, or you hate me.”

11. Hasty Generalization

“All sports car drivers are so aggressive!”

12. Red Herring

Mike: It is morally wrong to cheat on your spouse, why on earth would you have done
that
Ken: But what is morality exactly?
Mike: It’s a code of conduct shared by cultures.
Ken: But who creates this code?

13. Slippery Slope

“Your coach’s policy is that no one can be a starter on game day if they miss practice.
So, if you miss basketball practice today, you won’t be a starter in Friday’s game. Then
you won’t be the first freshman to start on the Varsity basketball team at our school.”

14. Strawman Fallacy

Zebedee: What is your view on the Christian God?


Mike: I don’t believe in any gods, including the Christian one.
Zebedee: So you think that we are here by accident, and all this design in nature is pure
chance, and the universe just created itself?
Mike: You got all that from me stating that I just don’t believe in any gods?

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