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255 views64 pagesSocial and Preventive Pharmacy Nirali
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Divya Drishty.Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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/ 64
WNIRALI
POMRAL! syllabus
unit =! 10 Hours
Concept of health and disease: Definition, concepts and evaluation of public health.
Understanding the concept of Prevention and control of disease, social causes of
diseases and social problems of the sick.
Social and health education: Food in relation to nutrition and health, Balanced diet,
Nutritional deficiencies, Vitamin deficiencies, Malnutrition and its prevention.
Sociology and health: Socio cultural factors related to health and disease, Impact of
urbanization on health and disease, Poverty and health.
Hygiene and health: personal hygiene and health care; avoidable habits.
unit 10 Hours
Preventive medicine: General principles of prevention and control of diseases such as
cholera, SARS, Ebola virus, influenza, acute respiratory infections, malaria, chicken guinea,
dengue, lymphatic filariasis, pneumonia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cancer, drug
addiction-drug substance abuse.
unit - tl 10 Hours
National health programs, its objectives, functioning and outcome of the following:
HIV and AIDS control programme, TB, Integrated Disease Surveillance Program (IDSP),
National leprosy control programme, National mental health program, National
programme for prevention and control of deafness, Universal immunization programme,
National programme for control of blindness, Pulse polio programme.
Unit - IV 08 Hours
National health intervention programme for mother and child, National family welfare
programme, National tobacco control programme, National Malaria Prevention Program,
National programme for the health care for the elderly, Social health programme; role of
WHO in Indian national program.
Unit -V 07 Hours
Community services in rural, urban and school health: Functions of PHC, Improvement in
ural sanitation, national urban health mission, Health promotion and education in
school.
BAA TA we wvoRNNNNULUN
Chapt wl
CONCEPT OF HEALTH AND
DISEASE
Upon completion of this Chapter, the students should be able to:
‘Explain about concept of health and disease.
Explain about prevention and control of disease.
Explain about Healthy and maintained diet.
«Explain about evaluation of public health.
«Explain about social causes of diseases.
4.4.4 Definition
Health is the most important aspect for the development of individual, group,
country. Health may be defined as the complete physical, mental and social welfare and only
absence of disease.
4.4.2 Features of Good Health
« Ability to work efficiently.
Able to take decisions and complete the work systematically.
family and
«Free from disease condition.
* Good mental condition.
eS FOR MAINTAINING A’ GOOD
+ Healthy and Balanced diet
* Good and healthy habits
* Exercise and rest for fitness
1 ‘Sect an rev Pamaey Conapt ot ath ay and ret Phamacy onc ct ost an se
41.2.1 Healthy and Maintained Diet /ALUATION OF PUBLIC HEALTH |
need ort good oe ery nd goed eth Force wot egy Scams antnstoroneeeepmc hah Eu
pred by bared et pent guides Pub eat prtesinas teruse cf progam evoistion|
Felling are sore pits which resent for maennce goo eth ‘+ fahaton progam sa proper etiod to mgrove the pubic heath
1+ Hoving balanced it + Elaton ogame omen teas, conta
any asdited inp hats pret may haven compan 0 the ered goa
+ atte ume fsuchaprogian pore .
oper rst a proper + Well implemented elution: have the capa to inform an organization about
+ Adee water consumption. the sucesso he inenenion pregame or chen prods an oenew of
‘anced det proves good stamina and carbonates ft poten, amin, mineral,
ste shoul be iced nit
1.2.2 Good Habits for Good Heaith
+ Geting some rash ail ese fr improving your heath
[A Come posure deg sleep helps erty muscles Workin e proper way ans
reduces the pressure on yuo.
Daly exerts and you ae exert to hep your mule exible
Xeeping yours hydrated i alo eset
+ Motvate youre to kag yourmind hei
4.2.3 Exerciee and Rest for Good Health
+ Proper et ard sleep have own beefs ke che essential muvens and hea
ai
ocd Physical and emotional est
There i fallin conantation ard working eficency due to inadequate res na
sheep.
Proper sleep and ret enance body fincning, reduces ses, enhances memory
and nlp martenance of boo) wet
‘There are various factors hich fect the heath, These factors ae
1 Here
Emironmentl factrs For eg. Sutourdings, stmosshere, hazardous substance
prezet in water andl te)
Secl-econome fats
Person factors Fore Det Seep exer etc)
2
program success
‘+ Enaaton means eect devslopng 2 tate for pubic hath
444 Reasons Behind Developing Framework
fective rogram evuatens
Defining ster in prog eatin
Suraring the ser elaine cf programme evaution.
Atesing mcrae sang om pr a cs of pean
Dewloping 2 mening ara sstematic evaston protocol fr any inteention
4.42 Types of Evaluations.
1 Plus Evaluation: tis conducted to vey whether a rogram has reached is
‘5 and ojecves whe ving the power to cary patenal charges 3 beng
affected by iterestion ctites tough he seo a conval foun,
2. Probability Evaluation: cbt easton utile purposes contl rsa
are of the stronger ye of evataon a hey at abl Yo more exact cae ae
‘eas and sizaly eben rtrvertin shes.
3 Adequacy Evouation: conducted to very wheter grasa gals and
bees have ber mat and are singe a they donot ecu contol groupe
(ES-PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF DISEASE
‘Dive preverton cov measures not onto preven the incint of iste sch
ik cor reduction, but aso inhibit & programme and deceste ts outcomes once
tccptedDsease contol the dstase agent pemited o persst nthe commun ata
Te! hare ops Tobe» pubic enh problem according to ie oleae of oa Sie
(communty,
Prevention: teas planing fo dstine prevertion ad making eos to presen
eth problns nd spread of dscase
Intervention: It meas cooing a sere during its development tage rd taking
2c uring a den ct wt Pome Paes __ cone tet ny
‘ont: means preverting and hig sty esses stop its spend
1 Gearator n nears complet einaton of dase fom human popdaton
1.5:1 Some important Points for Control and Prevention of Disease
roid orroondg,
‘rman of frts
ep armas ad iss aay from fod
are and preae ood caey
‘Wash hands before txctng food tes
Stay home wen sit.
Garcia
‘rid nme conta we people ho ae eh
‘cid Aobol ard Tobe,
‘cor yourmeath ve coughing nec,
tata baeend det
eee to prevent igh Bod presi eat ate nd abet
Mata personal giere
equa and ute heck
Promote has anaes.
freventon nd contol of conmanabe ardronconmaniabe Sees
fry atecton ard prompt vate ard oop
nese comunity anreess on hea lated mater.
Toincrease nonedge and til of woman in comunity est
Levels of Prevention
‘Primary preveton may prevetion means to sed the ident of dtee or
su.
Secondary prevention: Seconda prevention meant dently and pope ea a
Gener ay proces a exh arable bee ry Spins ae dep
Terdary prevention Tern prevention means to cae ¢ dsorder When i has
avnctd eer ex Sages oso compan ssocated wt
182
+ Dinese Dscase is 2 ate o contin when there 2 maliuntoning of body ct
mind when the cause of dear alving eget cle os fecous ease
[Ins aymptons ssocted wih eee ste may be piysal metal or soca
Soci Cates of Disases:
‘Unemployment
Sc and cua change
soos poreinn emery __toreptotio ene
7 various ile events
sires conto
prope lace and Het
ean behave: diet
2. inking and eof roittes ase.
v Ris aes Sees
Fgae The tem ‘may be defied asthe person whos physical or meray
qe dfs that sk and lng-tm i people ae tcng ate died ino various
Bagot which indude
‘ucaton robiens
sada Relations
employment sues
sof independence
Commuriation sues,
{dyaation Problem: Even making» huge amourt of eons, eduation developmen is
{Bi ot low level arc thre ae vareuseceatna prcblere faced in the progres of
cout.
acco funds
{expensive higher cucton
Problem of in cain
rblems of inary edcation
‘Socal Relationship: Phsialy challenged people have mary socal prcblems ard
generaly have small cup ond it manly due Yo the salty of comearication
oer ard mental eat.
Employment sues: Thr re mary yous nad who ae ot ging he work the
tlgble word, Ida & facing problem in generating. employment for the your]
population. The increase in populstion of nd fect the employmen. The chances te
les as compared tothe rumbe of employes So many people emain weaves The
racy te curren creasing, tu the chances are nt scesng according. The
cre rate cessed de to urement. The people who ae not geting Jobs
folew wong petway to gan money, neacng the cme ate nla
loss of Independence: Physcalycralenged people have diets in ela The
pecs who ate paras the ston worse. They st hes eso Peperdence
beenuse they ttl pend on oes for regular acts Ike: exing ating an
banaseeee 1 ease te of bona and refs shoud bearded, hich afec he
‘+ Include fruits and vegetables in your diet. ‘pascal heath,
1 edt oo “tote 3: bcd pO)
Geese ly ‘ood | Pain — to om — ]
+ Prope sep. cones Te Tat [Tm | | | Seg | wager [tt | Porn | in|
2.3.8 Healthy Diet and Dental Diseases eee aL | [tie | eee fee
+ Sige tv col can wth decay he itn paride org
im _[elolsl@le|@] | @
dinng ated wt rye ft we comedian ene anh |
meals. ve tty |] 0 | 0) sD | so | oo | iO ry
+ ake of exces amount tsa dit may ce drt pobiers ei te eee
{One otdematcies gum tase nds themainresenbtd wothis | SUB |
+ feson bed deopent of gm denen of sting od fosng ote ee eee ee te
Ways te Protect Yura rom Dental Diese: aa [ein ete et eee
Tope sens omen wana camera poniawttacion [eats iy tei state et et ate Tw
tatu fc wi vos ae erie vetatalatatal [ets
+ aly bushing and iy ossng a vod gun dienes nd aes sad «“fetefale|
24 BALANCED DIET ee ee ee ee ae ee
Hired det mayo ed td wachonacs iow gunvy fay Pawmwd Ww [at 8 pep | | we |
oe eels keyaxanoenay Ter | Table 2.2: Balanced Dat for Mann gm)
‘eal Components | Sting werk | Mdm work | Weighty work
Fre a o a
Vegetables tty | oo 0 a
[other wegeabies | 60 70 a
ae 150 200 250
= “0 |
‘Ot and Fat 0 a 2
‘Suger and gen | __%0 35 3
Paes 0 0 o
Root and Tuber: | __ 50 = a
24.2 Components of Balanced Dist
Ealanced diet contains rottns Fat, arboycrates Vins and Minera
1 Vitamins and Minera:
Gren vegetables and ts ar the ih sources of miners and tains
‘They boos the immune syste of the body against diseases,
1s decency leads to various disse conditions.
2. Prowine:
‘Fags mest Yogut, Soy products, Seeds, Nuts ete are the sch sources of
protens.
‘Proteins are alo bind from varius day pod,
‘+ take of protein is esental or proper rout,
“rote are ale esa for buling muscles and the most common proten
efile disease i Kvasiorer.
3. Calder:
‘= Potatoes Mik om, bred ie, wheat are the rch sources of Carbohydrates,
“+ Carotyseates te the man component of balanced diet ac they ae the in
sources of enegy snd Defer of earbohydraes ay lead t Kees
Fate
1+ Nuts, whole age, cheese, ghee, ume ol at the Fh sources of ats and some
parvo ou energy necessy is satis by as,
1 Defiency ffs may eed tlt of appetite, tn eated problems and wight
less ete
‘
=
‘Sect and Heth Edenton
3 Organization of Balanced Diet
‘ere re some portant waysto organ the balanced it and inches:
1 ie the senings for each mea.
1 wake ast or char Le. nurber of quantities rom each ood group
1 petemin the numberof meas.
Recheck ase ht food erste equi aunty.
UTRITIONAL DEFICIE wis
+ Nutitona Defceny is imporant forthe overall bath of reer ad infats
because growth and developmen is nied duet lack of eset! varie oF
tints.
1+ Nutetionl defciency means reduced nutter intake which leads to varios
iene.
+ Nutrtiona defences ar of varus ype ee
© Protein deficeney
9 Maletition
Viarins deiency
Fats defency
Miers dency
Table 23: Difference between Micronutrients and Macronutients
‘Micronutrients | Maconutents
These ae tess thet ae reaued | Maconuints are required ih vey
Inve smal amauntsby boy. | age amounts for te body to function
oper
‘These help to prevent disease and | These provide the energy tht ads the |
rune growth and repair of the | boys metabolism
body |
3 | Micronitiens are fourdin vay of
food fling. vegetablen, tuts
These 26 presen igh quanti
potatoes, ts Fh, mile meat ad ee,
and evens ee
| Wiczoruviems are ao known af) Macronatients ae ako lened ae
uae ements. | sor werent
Too much comumpton of Too much conaimpion of
rlcerutients sven as taming can
(se nerve and ver daage
Lt
‘macrontiet an ek to several hast
dieses obesty and ince of Bod |
| sate. ecland remem rmery St nd tt a
2.8.1 Macronutrionts
+ Macronuints ave the runt which supply energy and aloes ard ar essen
in large quate o sin dy tak ad cay out the acts ef every
te
+ Macronuients ince protein, carbohydrates and ft,
1+ Defcieny ofthese maconutint ads to may diseases Hee weight fs, loss of
sppete, ketosis aston,
The minerals inthe fest two groups ae required n lange quaties ae callg
Macronutiens 2c baic materials for the development of ody tues and
rode the neal chemical ernment fore
Macondtrents provide the energy requ fr varios body fncions
Bek of intake oF macronctriens ke; clcum leds to osteoporosis in ads and
tien.
For aenal wlzaton of macroniens, we need microns and Lack ofthese
macronutrients leds to mary deidences which ae gen below
Protain detec:
‘ue oto mae of proteins in det.
Protein dency neatly aft al the functions of body and leads to change in
body structure for eg. sce wasing.
Symptoms of Prot decency ince: tty br, sna probes, more
chances of bone fractures sweling, retarded growth in chirer
Carbohydrate decseney.
Main source of energy for our body carbohydrates and is aw intake can cause
weight ss, confion ete
‘Symptoms of carbohydrate defen inde: nausea, headaches, muscle wating,
weight los, hyposhcema,shorness of breath, lethargy. problems of digestive
stem.
Fat deficiency:
1 Fat deficiency may leds to retarded gro sin sonar in infants, Hay si,
weight los toss et
lake of exces fat in cet leds 1 cancer, hea esease and obey.
© Symptoms of protein decency include: fatty ler, retarded growth, dy sin
Problems of reproductive sytem.
re
poses
jez meromatronts
TD MicOnUtT. a us tains sed mi
ronan is required fo optimal heath,
ronan he; minerals and vain in by May iceman
+ Menai oy to ein by. Mary
1 The miconitient pret in food sn
riety food full requirement
1+ Mlconutins inde vamins and these varie
“represent in vary of tral fons,
“have tains are een for prope
Sci wa Yat aston
ines A sufclert intake of al
ret amounts 50 we have to consume a
te orgie compounds which
growth ard good heath
eae
reset in diet ata
aoe Via ar reed forthe novral gown and maintenance of god heath rao
pyc 98 varius problems and conditions Table 24,
‘Table 24: Vitamin, thle Sources nd Dafiancy
Sources
Water solble Vitamins
Poles rain, ceren, ut, 6h, | BeBe
gs egeabes, rts
Green lea vegeabies ik
995 nts gars, meat Fh,
Defensy +d
‘Vitamin By |
Salen tongue purish, smooth
ivoevin
ord pail tongue aces ps,
oss of appt, sore that, cracks
and redness a the comes of the
owt
‘amin By | Mik green ay vegetables fh | Plaga
veoitng depression,
Niacin | grout legumes tomatoes ingestion, tatgue
Wramin | Whole grins honey. srpoli | Arnie sehsophni, OS
‘Adenine | sprung sloe era bees. | teaes Aldimer and Pnirsons
tase
Wramin | es €99 vos, tdney beans Low immuniy,headice, faq,
Pamtthenic | yeasts, rustrooms, and depression roma fading of hae
‘ed sunfowerseade
alr, bing sensation in amet
legs and feat pan in jms ane
rece
ed
a Ses nro Parser scatman grt amy swute aun
[Wann [rk Gm 7 cases of Malton a
Pramas | pines wager 11 Oe se
| on 1 ies ay oon
em a : on
aa] a [Oe NT ph iden =
ote [tones Cem domeai aren], + MN
‘ J iapreetson pin | pew ebetan oe miei
| Wimmin ie pRaer ily, ofpete et),
Taree” |weguabe it fics “nats | growth, poor meray. dators,| «cota
| ‘food, eggh day products | confusion problemi bresting, | gels
a em ‘a Social systerns
Tarn sia We Bp Aen, Seagal] 15 symptoms of Malnuttion
| cyanestalamin | reste hey ric ds ore 8
Toa noth ues penn) 2 anaes
| ‘Vitamin | Gus fruits lhe; lemons end! Scurvy, dental problems, swollen ¢
Ascorbic Acid _| ora" joints fatigue, skin discoloration, + Infections
— eS
| Wiarin a [Best po eh ter, carat | MG Bindes earded growin] + Decne condence
See pewees fol ee ote yuna, her door wok} + Hits
BSkweretey ek som tome oe ton swe 5 rasa kt option
I pumpkin papay Ginn catbentsion || yan
| Vimmin Suni ah ero sare Res fi fs mule) gtd le
Seer torat |iyprenn brent | acess
Mctringrecee omni | 1 NOOO
‘ann | en sd] Bain er a |S een
|e eee ee Seraleieere ae ee ine terveut
Space wenigem oh” | wenn msde pa go
ana Ro Sd ee, od | ae
ea tengo eo ion
”” herilets | 5 ponotoettin eng
(Zp7 MALNUTRITION AND ITS PREVENTION.
Malton means “Dele of food and nuttan. Lack of essential vitamins ors
minerals fects many and beat grew. ivohes calories protein. carbohyeote,
minerals and vais
+ Adequate cit.
Ineson a al natin et,
_reviewavestions
2.7.4 Types of Malnutrition (Multiple Choice Questions:
1 Under autron: IR means intake of insuficet food over an extended perad of» Macon mole
sine (a Protein (0) Carbonyeate
22. Over rwrton: It means over eng and excessive food consumption (ore om
a ‘Seetaand Prom armecy Soe an HA ay
2 Dein of maceriats oh dss
(a ketoss (Loss appetite
(6 Kwashoror (at
3. Vrain 3 abo known as __
fa) Nac (@ Rbotvin
(@ Taine (@ Aderne
4 FatDeficeney may led to
(a) Retares roth (Fay sn
(0 Keass oat
noone
To [20 | aw [aw |
(©) Short Anower Questions:
1L_ Whar do you mean by sca and health edvation?
‘she Poe 2 and 22
2 Give the importance of heath education.
‘Rae Pot 23.
3 What do you man by nitions efieney?
‘ane Pot 25,
4. What o you mean by Mirnutinst
dns Poet 252.
(© ang Anower Questions
1. plain in dealabout balanced det
‘Ans Rte Poin 24,
2. Adds note on Macronutlens,
‘Ane Rete Poin 25.1.
3. Add » note on malnutrition and its prevention
‘a: Rete Point 27
aan
chager S
SOCIOLOGY AND HEALTH
oes
pon cangeon Bs Chopr he uss hole le
Pepa chs soy oni yp
1 ln cos socio lod hel oe an
1 ppl cos inpac of ubonztn on ech ond eee
{in abou poy ond ath
OO
he term Scoogy is deve fom Latin word “Sock” which ears “Sci” and
qekwerd ges" whch means "Stuy or sence"
i sypemie study of Sci acts, eles aed groups scaled as soon
{ives study of human groups ad Socal behavior based on scl eltirsips
and ow these relttenshis fet indvidual’s behav and restenshps devon.
wed arge
+ Sucilogy ioe study of Sci elatonhips, Soc acts Socal suc
chai of huransin groups et
OF SocioLocy
1. Mico sociology: a rach of cology hich de wth ty of sal onto
groupe vithina age soc
22. Maar sociology is a ranch fsocilogy whch del wth analysand study of
oct
EASE
+ Thre re many factors tht fect the healt ofan india he ple were we ne, we
vec we lean and we play are the socal eteminans of heath a these concn
ana the heath
+ There ate seve fics that can fect your heh an ince: edcton nce
xcs theatre arly, ute emutonent ‘etl ad Preven Pay -
-
Seay ay
|LEdwetion: Education plays an important on ey if gs YOU conden,
to tate better decsions regaéng eat sive encourages an indi,
paricpate in venous acivtes Me yoga, esi, regular Dua CRED ang
‘general educated peope are anare abou heath issues ard aid bad habits,
22. Income Heath people have eapacy to sek good media supension Bun cag
of weathy peop they are very xy inactive and more prone fo various eae,
‘ee carwano ane, diabetes, best.
2 Accent to heath care Eoucated people and wating people enoy better het ug
‘on the hard some people donot have 2a a ae cet ss income
factor when beak ed. Gen
4 Fumi Family history very imporant for is concemed. Genes
Conta the hes of person or nddual from te moment of ferttzaon, se
Ciseie i, metal decency and betes are here problems andthe objcive
‘fhe and fay wel-being zerces so teat sass, protect rom lines and
romain of heath
‘5 Camara Cute means “people's ie sy’, behav, rend cre and abo habits,
umber fdas cance, betes nd heart cases re associated with
6. tevronment Disenes ae generate by changes incl condtions
essen Py
Sellogy ana Hath
‘Mental eslth depressor: Shortage of privacy can lead to depression svest and
+ etait the mertl heath. Depression and sess are due to overcomdlng and
Paton of ban centers.
4:3 Meath Hazards duo to Poor Water Supply and Sanitation
ater and sanitation problems de to increasing urbanization ae coupled with
(izeng sustainably actors and noma urban water management.
Thre i ako sae and clean cinking wate,
Poverty may be defined asthe ack of bat recesses of human andi due to ack
{Sf resouces, both material and non-ater ik, health eae, edvation, housing.
‘terion dothing clea wate, knowledge, cata income te,
specs situation n which a person fi to maa 8 hing andard stable or
deomforabie esye.
«+ Poverty i the major problem for sacologs. Poverty was once amined 2 soci
[problem and soclogt cared aut eeaeh to understand hs problem and ty to
‘provide solution sae the probienof poverty.
1+ Absolute poverty: Absolute poverty may be defied asthe stuaton where. fly
income snadequate ro buy basic tings of fe
Se RTSN AeA GET]
3.44 Urbantzation
1 defined a the sate in which scey i transforming fom a rural to urban andi
con ing
‘+ Increased popuiton ing in urban accommodstions
‘+ Raltve Poverty: Relive poverty is defied as econcmic imbalance ia lean or
Socety which peopl ve.
an coe behind povery ae unemployment ak of education. apd popuition
frown ane moral cute.
‘35:1 Effects of Poverty on Health
1 The man elfect of poverty everbeation though vaious layer of» ie’ ie we
1+ crete percentage of the population busy i nonaprcutua ete, ng
such laces.
+ tanzaon lo reat to change in diet and excise that roses he chance,
‘of obey wih enhanced riko iabetes anc heart dese.
1+ The Inceased movement of popuaton fom rural to urban aress change,
characte epdemilogcalcisase profile of the counby and a the same tin
ew diseases ase or ok deter eapper sich as HIV/AIDS, mala tubercuos
34.2 Impact of Urbanization on Health and Disease
Heath inequity Heath inaquity i defined asthe ssc comparison nthe heath
Hats of varus population groups appeat fom the scl conditions in which
peopl ae bor Gon, wor and 5fow ade. Health nequitlsinude: education
income level employment satus, gender and rationality and hey have 2 mated
inlence one's health
trytobive asjteratic ok a ther, there wil be folowing hes hes:
1 fects on Socity: Povey apps some serauty cenceing ees onthe ever
socal heath as well These effec are observes eto homeless, chi labor od
sess condor.
2, fects om Heath: One ofthe most cestacive ects tht poverty has is on the
vera heath of the county. The most import heath preblem stemming Hor
posers maiutton,
34 Effet on Economy: Poverty ia direct index inccating sucess of he economy of
‘the county. The rumbe of populations ning unde the poverty theshol cates
‘whether the economy is power enough to geretate sulin jobs and facies for
propleor not
‘3.5.2 Important Stops to Decrease Poverty
‘There are some important points for dacreasing the poverty and includes
4 _rseaseenpayent oppor. ‘Sec and Prev
Ecouaging settampiyment plan and satay
Fulfil the primary needs of the indus He food and clan inking water.
Improve substy rates on commodities and Pubic Distribution Sytem shou by
ase.
2d Ma,
Al cities of heath center shouldbe provid by he govemment
Free education faites should be provided by goverment.
=
ae
ra ws
« a
ietler ante
oo —_
gone Oe se
sonst
ta | 20
si derjanm oni
ST iien
pesto
Sr cme pet
eee
pee
pcan
4. What ae the effets of poverty on eaith?
‘Ana ete Pot 352.
(Long Anewer Questions:
1 Add note on sodo-clturl factors related to hath and sess,
‘Ane ele Point 33.
2. Add ote impact urbanization on heath and dies.
[Ane ele Point 34
3. Add a note Poverty and hath
‘Ans Refer Pot 35,
Ane
_—
chapter A
HYGIENE AND HEALTH
npc
on corclaton of is Cop, the ser shol be ble
«Bein bout Heath and spe
{pli boat Hyon and is pes
1 ean about rns of pesca! hans
pin Penoral hygine ond eat coe,
gine word i derive fom Grek tem ty, Hygeia means ‘Gdns of
Heat
‘According to the WHO, Hype refers to cantons and practices ht ae used to
‘martan heh and prevent the spread fesse,
Psa ygiene means continued physi heath Hygine dened since nd
at which related tthe protection and prometon of god heath
Heath 8 defined bythe WHO sa sate of complete phy, mental and soc
‘welroang and nt js the absanceofdieae. te can be defied asthe aby to
improve physica eral and ei rato fr fete.
Hea i of wo types, Physical heath nd Mental ath
‘Physical Health: ysl hen ified ae re fins ry
Maan physical fires,
Regu exercise
Ent whole fds (ich nal atten.
Adequate rs fr phy eat
Regular eres and proper exercise can potest and improve a pros breathing
duane,
Hearfurcton fey, mule srength
Mental Heath: Mera heat mean 3 parsons emationa rt and social heath,
Metal heath is imporart for good heath, Metal eth 's not just abut the
sence of any, depression ne any oer eturance
L ‘os nd rome Pmacy
‘Mena eath depends on:
1 Feetng of ste and seuy
‘© king a giant carmbutio tothe communi,
(Adapt the dius,
© Staying postive
© Heping other
© Connect wth others
1 Indus hygiene: I dened as eration, anigpain, conto ase
lind essrace of ccypatonl azar 2 ise thst may rest inns, jay oF ag
‘the heath of te ample
12. Community hygiene: Community yee isa group of people These peopl haves
lane a ate
Toimprove qty fife
Todefend onezl om sickness.
Tolmprove heath
(48:2 Personal Hygiene
Imerovng st ester in soley
Nairn restart infection.
Prmasing ert eat
Promoting good heath,
Disease prevention
Toimgrove the quay of te
rmeting community ard spiiva heath,
eporsbity fo mprove the guy of Ue cf the community, to 195 MEE Or 4's Benefits of Personal Hygiene
‘Staton nd eigenen ape
2. ana tyler iygene cone fed 3 tepng one's boy an ne
frnene
PE THEARE
Pera iypene cn be defied epg the bry clan Ces e ce tem
ovens pss pre cst
seeing ety
Change des ey
wooed
Cayournt
brat et
ating le
tar remorl
omee
escral pine ys 8 er neni ren sey Erion proses a
Prana he gully ad sda Geass Peon hygiene le
Sage ings sn poe theesth nd we ig oh nS
£5 PRINCIPLES OF PERSONAL HYGIENE
Heaps rect feta persons mera py anc Peat
+ Pte bey for mopman ough goed ee abi
1 eetegpygene
1 Pvt on corona,
L
Contuson 16 the endronmenta) atmosphere for heath and environment
protection
Ingres the imune ate,
‘Yous disease recone
Inproverent neath sas
‘hve th regi nd spe of ach nda trough Nis aly aces.
Regular hana waching ian effec way to Kep germs tom spreading.
‘Regia wshing wl help o remove sch mpurtie kom the skin and alow pres in
the sk to suet moe ey
Soe hygiene and ceainess enhance human communicator
ployee sich as pharmacts and other health profesional mus use high
yl to prevent ay spread of ase othe conser
(4.6 SOME AVOIDABLE HABITS.
‘Some conan habits tht shoud be avoided:
xing at te worting de
Leaving the cry he around he pubic catons
Seeing andot covering mouth wth tse
Not sting the toe
Not washing te hand propery after using tet,
Using ity spoon ad uteri,
Nat beng.
Not basing your teeth day
Using two much perlume to cover p bad body sme an rome Party
+ Net wating fivvagerabes before se
{improper esos of satan protection tens
[REVIEW QUESTIONS a
(1) MutopleChlce Questions:
1 According tthe Hygiene retest contin and practices that re egy
rranton heath ond prevent he spread of dae
@ Wo 1b) Fa
no en
22. Pry neat i deine as ite re of
(4) Tes whey
(e Siss (@ Boma
2. Mental heath man pesons__ heath
(a) Emotional (by Mara
(0 Socal (Al
Answers Key
te | 2 | a
(Short Anewer Questions:
1 ns variou types of hygiene.
‘Anz ele: &3.
12, What do you mean by persona hygiene and halts?
‘Ane eter Pst 44
3. lic various Banat of Persona Hygiene.
‘Rater Pat 453
(Lang Arower Questions:
1 Define helt and explain yes of health.
‘Ane Retr Pot 42rd 42.
2 alain in deta about principles of personal hygiene.
After Pir AS.
ant
Chapter a)
PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
‘ison compen of hic Chaper, th sents shold be oe:
‘mln about Eidenclgyofevious dense
plin abut Mod of tonamiion fvarius dices.
pli obot General princes ef prevention of vious sees.
lin abt Generel rnp of coal of vow dies,
spect in prevertve medicine work wih large communities 25 walla india!
utens to improve well being ad to recog the ik of ses, jury, est ne
exh
Al Tas of welling suchas preventive heath care, primary prevention secandany
prevent, etary preveton ae covered though preventive edie
‘OF DISEASE PREVENTION,
1. Primordial Prevention: Frmocdal prevention cane descibed as acing onthe Ak
feo (eating ato delopng atthe begining of ine) R const of sap and ats
that prevent rk factors fom ating the foe of envrarmerta econonse Soa att
betaoutlcordaons ad ving cual habits, ee. For example, mary aut heath
‘sues uch 9 obesity, hypeersion.
2. primary Preventon: Primary preveton
