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Chapter 08 Test Review

This document contains a 10 station chemistry test review covering various topics in chemical bonding including: 1) Identifying ionic and covalent bonds between elements, writing ionic compound formulas, and determining bond type based on electronegativity values. 2) Drawing Lewis structures, identifying formal charges and resonance structures, and determining the shape and polarity of molecules. 3) Explaining observations about bond length, strength, and angle based on electronic structure and bonding models. 4) Ordering ionic compounds by their lattice energy and identifying the two factors that impact electrostatic force of attraction. 5) Writing formulas for organic molecules like alkanes, alkenes, alcohols,

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24 views5 pages

Chapter 08 Test Review

This document contains a 10 station chemistry test review covering various topics in chemical bonding including: 1) Identifying ionic and covalent bonds between elements, writing ionic compound formulas, and determining bond type based on electronegativity values. 2) Drawing Lewis structures, identifying formal charges and resonance structures, and determining the shape and polarity of molecules. 3) Explaining observations about bond length, strength, and angle based on electronic structure and bonding models. 4) Ordering ionic compounds by their lattice energy and identifying the two factors that impact electrostatic force of attraction. 5) Writing formulas for organic molecules like alkanes, alkenes, alcohols,

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`MHS  AP Chemistry Name __________________________________

Period ___ Date __________


8  Chemical Bonding Test Review
Station 1 – BOND TYPES
State the type of bond (covalent, ionic, or metallic) that will form from each pair of elements:
Type Type
Mg F S O
Ag Cu Cl Br
K Na H Cl
Xe F Li I
Station 2 – IONIC BOND FORMULA
Write the correct formula for the following ionic compounds:
Formula Formula
Mg F Cs O
Ag O Al Br
K N Na Cl
Ca F Li I
Station 3 – ELECTRONEGATIVITY
For each pair of elements, state whether the bond is Ionic (I), Polar Covalent (PC), or Nonpolar Covalent (NC)
H Electronegativity Values He
2.1 --- Type
Li Be B C N O F Ne
1.0
Na
1.5
Mg
2.0
Al
2.5
Si
3.0
P
3.5
S
4.0
Cl
---
Ar
S O
0.9
K
1.2
Ca
1.5
Ga
1.8
Ge
2.1
As
2.5
Se
3.0
Br
---
Kr
Cl Br
0.8 1.0 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.4 2.8 ---
Rb Sr In Sn Sb Te I Xe Li Cl
0.8 1.0 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.5 ---
Cs
0.7
Ba
0.9
Tl
1.8
Pb
1.8
Bi
1.9
Po
2.0
At
2.2
Rn
---
C O
Fr
0.7 N Cl

Station 4 – FORMAL CHARGE


Consider these two possible Lewis structures for the thiocyanate ion, SCN:

Determine the formal charges of each atom and circle the best structure.
Station 5 –LEWIS SYMBOLS
Draw the Lewis structures, including all resonance structures. Indicate if the molecule is polar or nonpolar.
N2 NO CO2

# Electron Domains ______


Shape: __________________ Shape: __________________ Shape: __________________
Polar or Nonpolar? Polar or Nonpolar? Polar or Nonpolar?
SF6 IF3 XeF4

# Electron Domains ______ # Electron Domains ______ # Electron Domains ______


Polar or Nonpolar? Polar or Nonpolar? Polar or Nonpolar?
H2O BF3 BrF5

# Electron Domains ______ # Electron Domains ______ # Electron Domains ______


Shape: __________________ Polar or Nonpolar? Polar or Nonpolar?
Polar or Nonpolar?

Station 6 – RESONANCE, BOND LENGTH, AND BOND ANGLE


Draw the Lewis Structures for NO2+, NO2, and NO2 (include all resonance structures):
NO2+ NO2 NO2

Which molecule has the shortest and strongest bonds? Explain.

Which molecule has the greatest bond angle? Explain.


Station 7 –BOND LENGTH AND RESONANCE STRUCTURES
Use simple structure and bonding models to account for each of the following.
(a) The bond length between the two carbon atoms is shorter in C2H4 than in C2H6.

(b) The bond lengths in SO3 are all identical and are shorter than a sulfur-oxygen single bond.

Explain each of the following observations in terms of the electronic structure and/or bonding of the compounds
involved.
(c) The N-O bonds in the NO2 ion are equal in length, whereas they are unequal in HNO2.

(d) For sulfur, the fluorides SF2, SF4, and SF6 are known to exist, whereas for oxygen only OF2 is known to
exist.
Station 8 – IONIC LATTICE ENERGY & ELECTROSTATIC FORCE OF ATTRACTION

Order the following salts (ionic compounds) in increasing lattice energy:

CaS, MgO, KCl, CsI, NaF

What two factors impact lattice energy or electrostatic force of attraction?

Station 9 – ORGANIC MOLECULES


Write the structural formula and chemical formula for an alkane with six carbons.

Write the structural formula and chemical formula for an alkene with six carbons.

Write the structural formula and chemical formula for an alkyne with six carbons.

Write the structural formula and chemical formula for an alcohol with three carbons.

Write the structural formula and chemical formula for dichlorodifluoroethane.

Write the structural formula and chemical formula for lithium acetate.
Station 10 – METALLIC BONDS

 Explain metallic properties of ductility, malleability, and electrical conductivity in terms of how metallic
bonds form.

 What is an alloy? What is the purpose of mixing an alloy?

 What is the difference between an interstitial alloy and a substitutional alloy?

 Gold, Au, is frequently alloyed with other metals such as Cu and Ag. Using the data in the table below,
answer the following. (Hint: there may be extra, unnecessary information. Oxidation State means
charges of the ion that may form.)

a) Sketch an alloy between Au and Cu. Sketch an alloy between Au and Ag.

b) Predict which alloy will be harder: Au/Cu or Au/Ag.

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