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ING218-Lexical Relations

The document discusses various lexical relations including semantic field theory, truth conditional semantics, componential analysis, kinship, hyponymy, synonymy, antonymy, and symmetry and reciprocity. It provides definitions and examples for each term.

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34 views4 pages

ING218-Lexical Relations

The document discusses various lexical relations including semantic field theory, truth conditional semantics, componential analysis, kinship, hyponymy, synonymy, antonymy, and symmetry and reciprocity. It provides definitions and examples for each term.

Uploaded by

afandena256
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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11/10/2012

Today, our discussion will cover topics on:

1.Lexical field
ING218 2.Kinship
Lecture 5 3.Hyponymy
4.Synonymy
Lexical Relations 5.Antonymy
6.Binary and non-binary antonyms
Siti Mahripah, M.App.Ling 7.A comparison of four relationss
8.Converse antonyms
9.Symmetry and reciprocity
10.Expressions of quantity

Two approaches to the Field theory


description of lexical relations: It is an attempt to classify lexemes
according to shared and
Semantic field theory differentiating features.
Examples:
Wasp, hornet, bee  flying, stinging insects
Truth conditional semantics Moth, housefly  insects that fly but do not
sting
Ant, termite  insects neither fly nor sting

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Truth conditional semantics


Componential analysis
It studies lexical relations by comparing predications that
can be made about the same referring expression. Its task
A way to determine semantic features using
is to account for the meaning relations between different
expressions in a language. square brackets as to indicate members of a
certain set from one another.
Three such relations are entailment, paraphrase, and
contradiction.
Example:

[male/female]
[adult/child]

Advantage of componential analysis Kinship


 It reflects the system through which lexemes have
their respective senses. To tell what something is
requires us to tell what it is not, what it contrasts with Kinship is universal since all humans are related to other
and what features make the contrast possible. humans through blood ties and through marriage.

Possible disadvantage of componential analysis A relationship is a kind of predicate.


 We may find ourselves undully concerned with
classification of the phenomena represented in
language, forgetting that our concern is language itself.

Kinship Hyponym
Sentences such as Harold is Alice’s father, and Rose is Jerry’s sister. A kind of relation which exists when a word have a
have a propositional content that we represent this way. referent in which it is included in the referent of a more
general word, called superordinate.

Theme Predicate Associate Example:


Harold father of Alice
Rose Rose is a hyponym of flower, and
sister of Jerry
flower is a superordinate of rose

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Co-Hyponym Synonym
Two or more lexemes that have the same superordinate.

Example:
Rose, jasmine, and lavender are co-hyponyms
of the same superordinate, flower.
Antonym

Example:

Binary antonym Symmetry and reciprocity


No middle ground
Examples:
Open/shut; Dead/alive

Antonym
Non-Binary antonym
Having various intermediate terms
Examples:
Young/old, wide/narrow

Consider the following sentences:


More detail examples, please go and
read your reference book.

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The end and


Thank you

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