International Journal of Health Sciences and Research

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20210518
Vol.11; Issue: 5; May 2021
Website: www.ijhsr.org
Review Article ISSN: 2249-9571

Review on Siddha Drug: Panchalavana Parpam

Rekha V1, Essakky Pandian G2
1
PG Scholar, Department of Gunapadam, 2Reader, Department of Gunapadam,
Government Siddha Medical College, Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India.
Corresponding Author: Rekha V

ABSTRACT

In Siddha system, medicine includes the herbal products, inorganic substances and animal products
that lead to different formulations ranging from low shelf life drug to high shelf life drug. Parpam is
the powdered substance generally obtained by calcification of purified metals, minerals and animal
products by specific process. The current review aims to explore about Siddha formulation
“Panchalavana Parpam” for the management of Kiraani and associated symptom. The details about
the Siddha formulation “Panchalavana Parpam” was acquired from Siddha text Boghar 700: Pg. No:
49 and the details of each ingredients of above drug were collected from various Siddha texts.
According to the results, all five ingredient of this preparation having the potency of relieving Soolai,
Kiraani, gunmam, like gastero intestinal tract diseases. This preliminary literature review related
research provides useful documentary evidences for medicinal ingredients those are commonly using
to prepare the medicine for health management.

Key Words: Panchalavana Parpam, gunmam, Kiraani Siddha system

1. INTRODUCTION five years of age Prevalence of diarrhea is

Diarrhoeal disease is the second highly heterogeneous across the states
leading cause of death in children under 5 of India, and it ranges from 0.1–33.8% in
years old. It is both preventable and period 2007–2008 and 0.6–29.1% in period
treatable. According to WHO 13.2% of all 2015–2016.
childhood deaths were caused by Diarrhoea Diarrhoea is defined as the passage
and the worldwide prevalence of chronic of more than 200gm of stool daily, and
diarrhea ranges from 3 to 20%. Each year measurement of stool volume is helpful in
diarrhoea kills around 525,000 children confirming this. The most severe symptom
under 5years. Globally, there are nearly 1.7 in many patients is urgency of defecation
billion cases of childhood diarrhoeal disease and faecal incontinence is a common event.
every year. About 1.7 to 5 billion cases of It may be divided into 2 types.
diarrhea occur per year. It is most common 1. Acute diarrhoea
in developing countries, where young 2. Chronic (or) Relapsing diarrhoea
children get diarrhea on average three times Acute diarrhoea is extremely
a year. Total deaths from diarrhea are common and is usually due to faecal -oral
estimated at 1.26 million in 2013—down transmission of bacteria or their toxins.
from 2.58 million in 1990. In 2012, it was Chronic diarrhoea is increased frequency of
the second most common cause of deaths in defecation and loose, watery pellet stools,
children younger than five (0.76 million or diarrhea that lasts for more than 2 -4 weeks
11%). Frequent episodes of diarrhea are also considered persistent or chronic. Chronic
a common cause of malnutrition and the diarrhoea can be catogorised as disease of
most common cause in those younger than the colon or small bowl or malabsorption.

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 Rekha V et.al. Review on siddha drug: panchalavana parpam.

Chronic diarrhoea is classified into Kariuppu (NaCl2): Common salt dissolve

three types, in sea water or rain water is filtered and
Chronic watery diarrhoea boiled in a clay pot, till it reaches semisolid
Chronic Inflammatory diarrhoea state. Then it is dried in sunlight till it
Chronic diarrhoea with steatorrhoea attains the solid states as purified salt.
According to the Siddha Literatures Indhuppu (NaCl2): Indhuppu was purified
Kiraani is Co-Related to chronic diarrhoea. by soaking in the kaadi neer for 3 days and
Abundant availability of extensive range of then exposing it to the sunlight to dry.
drugs to relieve the diseases. But there is a Valaiyaluppu (Sandevere Glass Salt): The
need of prompt effective and harmless salt is diluted into Kaadi neer and then
remedies through scientific validation. exposed to sun light to be dried.
Many preventive measures and Kalluppu (Crystal Salt): The salt is
treatment methods have been described in purified by keeping It soaked in Kaadi neer
Siddha Literature, The current review aims and then exposing it to the sun light to be
to explore about “Panchalavana Parpam” dried.
Siddha formulation for the management of Vediuppu (KNO3): One part of powdered
Kiraani and associated symptom. Vediuppu was mixed with two parts weight
In siddha system, Medicine extract of the tuber of Musa paradisiaca and
(Marundhu) is classified into two major kept undisturbed. Then clear upper portion
types. They are Internal medicine (Aga was taken and heated in a iron pan. Once the
Marundhu) and external medicine (Pura water contents got evaporated the sediments
Marundhu). There are thirty-two internal were kept for condensation in a copper pan.
medicine and thirty-two external medicines. Likewise 2 part extract of tuber of Musa
Siddha medicine includes the herbal paradisiaca was added to the same Vediuppu
products, inorganic substances and animal and heated again. The process was repeated
products that lead to different formulations for 5-7 times.
ranging from low shelf life drug to high
shelf life drug. Parpams are the powder Methods of preparation:
substances generally obtained by The purified salts are placed in a
calcification of purified metals, minerals stone mortar and triturated. Then add juice
and animal products by specific process. of Cissus quadrangularis grind it for 1
Generally these methods of preparation of saamam (3hours) this process is repeated by
Siddha medicine involves conversion of adding juice of Moringa oleifera, juice of
minerals or metals into oxide or sulphide Acalypha indica, juice of Vitex negundo and
form by various herbal treatment followed juice of Aloe barbadensis one by one. Then
by repeated high temperature calcinations it is made into small cakes (villaigal) and
and grinding cycles. Parpam thus obtained dried. Then the cakes are placed within
constitute ultra-small particles and are taken identical earthen plates and covered with
along with vehicles such as milk, ghee, cotton clay cloth (7 layers) and subjected
butter, honey etc according to disease. into incineration process by using cow dung
cakes. After cooling calcinated cakes are
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS taken and powdered well and then preserved
The details about the Siddha in an airtight container.
formulation “Panchalavana Parpam” was Drugs dosage: Twice a day, 1 Kazhanju
acquired from Siddha text Boghar 700: Pg. (5.1 gms)
No: 49 and the details of each ingredients of Adjuvant: Honey
above drug were collected from various Indication of Medicine: Vaatham 80,
Siddha texts. Kudaichal, Soolai, Kaduppu, Megam,
2.1. Purification of ingredients and of Satthi, Gunmam, Kiraani, Ruthra Vaayu,
Preparation of “Panchalavana Parpam” Kudal purattal, Mantham, Magotharam

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 Rekha V et.al. Review on siddha drug: panchalavana parpam.

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

S.No Tamil name English name Chemical name / Botanical name /Zoological name Quantity
1. Valaiyaluppu Sandevere glass salt Sodium silicate 1 palam (35 gram)
2. Inthuppu Rock salt Sodium chloride Impura 1 palam (35 gram)
3. Vediyuppu Salt petre Potassium nitrate 1 palam (35 gram)
4. Kalluppu Crystal salt Sodium chloride 1 palam (35 gram)
5. Kariyuppu Common salt Sodium chloride 1 palam (35 gram)

General Properties of Ingredients: Eight types of Gunmam (Stomach

Valaiyaluppu: pain), karuppaayasakaddi (uterine tumour),
“Thulaiyaar kudalvaathath thonthavaa sopai (Aneamia), neersurukku (dysuria) are
thaththo Dilaiyaach suvasamaru minnum – cured by Vediyuppu.
valaiyaluppaat Kunmavali soolaiveppang
kooraappi leekamivai Senmamvid Kalluppu:
dodumenath ther” “Iyamarunch soolai yarosipiththnch
Kudal vatham, vathapitham, Iraippu saththiyodu Veyyapini yattagunmam
(Dyspnea), Vayitruvali (Stomach pain), viddekum – peyvalaiye Vaathamathi
Keelpidippu, Suram (Fever), Peelikam thaakam malakkaddum pomulakit
(Splenomegaly) can be cured by Kotharukal luppaik kodu.”
Valaiyaluppu. Soolai (pain), kapham (phlegm),
kuththal, arusi (ageusia), vaanthi
Inthuppu: (vomiting), eight types of gunmam (Stomach
“Attakunma mantham asirkaranchsoor pain), vatham, naavaratchchi (dryness of
seethapiththanth Thuddavaiyam naadippun tongue) and malapantham (constipation) are
dodankal – keddamalak Kadduvida cured by Kalluppu.
vinthaiyak kaamiyanoi vankarappan
Vidduvida vinthuppai vizh.” Kariyuppu:
Eight types of gunmam (Stomach “Azhaththilurai nallup panal vaatham
pain), mantham, asirkaram (Stomatitis), maatrung Kalaththunoi thannaik
naadippun (varicose ulcer), visam and kazhaiyung – kizhaiththakapa Aasudaiya
kaamiyanoi (venereal diseases) can be vallainoi ashtagunma mumpokkung
cured by Inthuppu. Kaasiniyul maathe kazharu”
Piththavatham, kandakkazhalai
Vediyuppu: (cervical lymphadenopathy), kapam,
“Mallaaru mattakunma maatharutha kalleeral noi (liver diseases), eight types of
rakkaddi Kallaa mathaippuneerk kaddaruka gunmam are cured by Kariyuppu.
– lellaamea Kampikampi yentrung According to the general character
karuvundaa mankinintra Kampikampi of ingredients, all five ingredients are useful
yentruraikkung kaal.” to treat the gunmam.

Table 1: Details of ingredients of Panchalavana Patpam

Tamil Name Other Names Chemical English Pharmacological Indications
Name Name actions
Kariyuppu Sotruppu, Kadaluppu, Sodium Common Stomachic, emetic, Pithavatham, lymphadenitis,
Veettuppu, Ilavanam, Chloride salt, Table anthelmintic, laxative, tumour, kapham, liver disorders,
Samuthra lavanam salt febrifuge, anti ulcer eight types of gastric ulcers,
indigestion, distended abdomen,
vayu and the retention of urine
will be cured.

Kalluppu Kadat kuruvi Sodium Crystal Emetic, laxative, Kapham, pricking pain, loss of
chloride salt analgesic, anti ulcer taste, pitha, vomiting, eight types
of gastric ulcer, vatha disease,
dryness of tongue, constipation

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 Rekha V et.al. Review on siddha drug: panchalavana parpam.

Table 1 continued…
Inthuppu Cynthavam, chindooram, Sodium Rock salt Laxative, carminative, Eight types of gastric ulcer,
chandiranuppu, chloride diuretic, anti ulcer, indigestion, blood diseases,
mathikoormai, Impura stomachic kaphapitham, kapathikkam,
mathiuppu, minthachol constipation, nerve syphilis,
vagina diseases, cataract, asthma,
hemorrhoids, polydipsia, rat bite,
vatha pain, throbbing pain
Vediyuppu Pottiluppu, Inangan, Pottasium Salt petre Demulcent, diuretic, Eight types og gunmam, uterus
padairasan, nitrate diaphoretic, anti ulcer fibroids, anorexia, anaemia,
Boomikoormai, urinary tract infection, ascites,
navacharamithru abdominal distension, asthma, eye
disease, rhematic disorders,
gonorrhoea
Valaiyaluppu Madavaarkaraththuppu Sodium Sandevere Anti inflammatory, anti Enteritis, hernia, vathapitham,
silicate Glass salt ulcer, anti pyretic, wheezing, abdominal pain,
analgesics arthritis, Splenomegaly, fever

Pharmacological actions of Stomachic (02), Carminative, Anti –

ingredients were; Anti – ulcer (05), Laxative inflammatory, Demulcent (01)
(03), Analgesic, Emetic, Diuretic,

Based on the Indications of each pain and abdominal distension, constipation,

ingredient, all five salts can be cure the Indigestion, Urinary tract diseases, venereal
gastric ulcer (eight types of gunmam) and diseases (02), Enteritis (01)

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 Rekha V et.al. Review on siddha drug: panchalavana parpam.

CONCLUSION and Homeopathy, Chennai, First edition

Panchalavana Parpam is a Siddha 1998.
formulation and used to treat a wide variety 8. Thanjai Vaithiyaraja Sinthamani, Part – I, P.
of gastro intestinal tract conditions such as Boopathi Nayagar, Chennai, Pg. No. 166,
Kiraani, Gunmam and Soolai etc in Siddha 167, 34.
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Medicine. This preliminary literature review Mahal Noolagam, Thanjavur, Dr.S.
revealed that the pharmacological actions Venkatarajan, Pg. No. 159,
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Panchalavana Patpam. Further extensive Dictionary, vol-I, II, IV, V, 1994 edition,
scientific studies also should be carried out Dept. of Indian medicine and Homeopathy,
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11. Dr. Anaivaari R. Anandan, Ph.D., Dr. M.
Acknowledgement: None Thulasimani, M.D.(Pharm)., Siddha Materia
Medica (Mineral and Animal kingdom),
Conflict of Interest: None 2008 edition, Dept. of Indian medicine and
Homeopathy, Chennai – 106.
12. S.P.Ramachandran,Gunapadam
Source of Funding: None kaiyedu,Thamarai noolagam,creative
offset,Chennai-26.
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Uthamarayan, H.P.I.M. Siddha Vaithiya 2021; 11(5): 128-132. DOI: https://doi.org/
Thirattu, Department of Indian Medicine 10.52403/ijhsr.20210518

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