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Exercise Session 3

The document contains 13 physics exercises involving kinematics concepts such as position, velocity, acceleration, and graphs related to 1D motion. The exercises include calculating values for motion with constant acceleration, analyzing motion graphs, conceptual questions about acceleration and velocity, and solving word problems involving throwing objects upwards or decelerating from an initial velocity.

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Arda Mitzvahs
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
33 views

Exercise Session 3

The document contains 13 physics exercises involving kinematics concepts such as position, velocity, acceleration, and graphs related to 1D motion. The exercises include calculating values for motion with constant acceleration, analyzing motion graphs, conceptual questions about acceleration and velocity, and solving word problems involving throwing objects upwards or decelerating from an initial velocity.

Uploaded by

Arda Mitzvahs
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Exercise 1

A person initially at point P in the illustration stays there a moment and then moves along the axis to Q
and stays there a moment. She then runs quickly to R, stays there a moment, and then strolls slowly back
to P . Which of the position versus time graphs below correctly represents this motion ?

Exercice 2
A marathon runner runs at a steady 15 km/h. When the runner is 7.5 km from the finish, a bird begins
flying from the runner to the finish at 30 km/h. When the bird reaches the finish line, it turns around and
flies back to the runner, and then turns around again, repeating the back-and-forth trips until the runner
reaches the finish line. How many kilometers does the bird travel ?

Exercise 3
Conceptual question: if you drop an object in the absence of air resistance, it accelerates downward at
9.8 [m/s ]. If instead you throw it downward, its downward acceleration after release is:
2

1. less than 9.8 [m/s ]


2

2. 9.8 [m/s ]2

3. more than 9.8 [m/s ] 2

Justify.

Exercice 4
Conceptual question: the following graph shows "position" as a function of time for two trains running
on parallel tracks.

Which is true:

1. At time t , both trains have the same velocity.


B

2. Both trains speed up all the time.


3. Both trains have the same velocity at some time before t .
B

4. Somewhere on the graph, both trains have the same acceleration.

Exercise 5
Here is a graph showing the position of an object with respect to time:
1. Sketch a graph qualitatively of velocity versus time corresponding to this graph.

Identify the time or times (e.g. t , t , etc.) at which:


a b

1. the instantaneous velocity is greatest


2. the instantaneous velocity is zero
3. the instantaneous velocity is negative.

Exercise 6
Dr. John Paul Stapp was U.S. Air Force officer who studied the effects of extreme deceleration on the
human body. On December 10, 1954, Stapp rode a rocket sled, accelerating from rest to a top speed of
1015 km/h in 5.00 s, and was brought jarringly back to rest in only 1.40 s! Calculate:

1. his acceleration
2. his deceleration

Express each in multiples of g (9.8 [m/s ]) by taking its ratio to the acceleration of gravity.
2

Exercise 7
Here are two formula that could be useful. They are only valid for a constant acceleration 1D motion !

2 2
v − v = 2a(x − x0 )
0

v0 + v
x − x0 = ( )t
2

An Olympic-class sprinter starts a race with a constant acceleration of 4.50 [m/s ]. 2

1. What is her speed 2.40 s later?


2. Sketch a graph of her position vs. time for this period.

Exercise 8
Conceptual question:

Considering the following time evolution of the acceleration of an object on a 1D line and with both the
position and velocity at t = 0 being zero, draw qualitatively (on the same graph) the curve of the
position with respect to time. Justify your strategy.
Exercise 9
A motorcyclist heading east through a small city accelerates after he passes the signpost marking the city
limits. His acceleration is a constant 4.0 [m/s ]. At time 0, he is 5.0 m east of the signpost, moving east at
2

15 [m/s].

1. Find his position and velocity at time t = 2.0 s.


2. Where is the motorcyclist when his velocity is 25 [m/s] ?

Exercise 10
You throw a ball vertically upward from the roof of a tall building. The ball leaves your hand at a point
even with the roof railing with an upward speed of 15.0 [m/s]; the ball is then in free fall. On its way back
down, it just misses the railing (consider it is a pure 1D problem). Find:

1. the position and the velocity of the ball 1.00 s and 4.00 s after leaving your hand
2. the velocity when the ball is 5.00 m above the railing.
3. the maximum height reached and the time at which it is reached.
4. the acceleration of the ball when it is at its maximum height.

Exercise 11
At the end of a race, a runner decelerates from a velocity of 9.00 [m/s] at a rate of 2.00 [m/s ].2

1. How far does she travel in the next 5.00 s?


2. What is her final velocity?
3. Evaluate the result. Does it make sense?

Exercise 12
Blood is accelerated from rest to 30.0 cm/s in a distance of 1.80 cm by the left ventricle of the heart.

1. Make a sketch of the situation.


2. List the knowns in this problem.
3. How long does the acceleration take? To solve this part, first identify the unknown, and then discuss
how you chose the appropriate equation to solve for it. After choosing the equation, show your
steps in solving for the unknown, checking your units.
4. Is the answer reasonable when compared with the time for a heartbeat? (this question takes part in a
selection process of a profession)

Exercise 13
Using the power series representation of the x coordinate in a 1D problem and knowing that the initial
position is known (x(t = 0) = x0 = 1 ).

1. Write the position function x(t) as a power series. From this, find the speed v(t) and the
acceleration a(t).
2. Find the analytical expression of the position in the peculiar kinematics where "speed=position"
(which means also that "acceleration=speed=position") at any time t (including t=0).
3. What is the value of the speed after 20 seconds?

In [ ]:

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