Academic Session: 2022-23

Subject: Mathematics Total No. of weeks: 19+16= 35

Level/ Class: VII Total No. of Chapters: 10

Block Syllabus
New Countdown
First Term Second Term

1. Chapter 1 Sets 6. Chapter 9 Factorisation of Algebraic

2. Chapter 2 Rational numbers Expression
3. Chapter 4 Square & square roots 7. Chapter 10 Linear Equations
4. Chapter 7 Algebraic Polynomials 8. Chapter 11 Lines & Angles (worksheet)
5. Chapter 7 Algebraic Identities 9. Chapter 8 practical geometry
10. Chapter 11 (congruency & similarity NCD 8)
Basics of theorems

Weekly Split-Up

Week # Topics to covered Exercises

1 Chapter#1 SETS Practise questions

Introduction of set
Sets are collections of distinct objects called elements. They are used to representation.
organize and classify things based on common characteristics. Sets are Exercise 1 Q3
represented by capital letters and elements are listed inside curly braces.
An example of a set is a guest list for a party, where each guest is an
element. Sets have no specific order and repeated elements are
considered as a single element. Sets are important in mathematics and
have various applications in different fields.
SET:
A set is a collection of well-defined, distinct object.
 The objects in a set are written within a pair of curly brackets { }
 Members or elements of set
 Symbol ∈ is used to denote belongs to or is an element or is a
member of.
How is a set represented?
 Descriptive form
 Tabular form
 Set-builder form
Sets of numbers: Natural number, Whole numbers, Integers, Even
numbers, Odd numbers, Prime numbers
2 Subsets and supersets Example 3,
If all the elements of B are present in A, then B is a subset of A. It is Practise questions+
expressed as B⊆ A, A is called the superset of B. We write this as A⊇B. Examples
Proper subset
 Universal set
 Subset
 Superset
 Proper subset
 Improper subset
 Power set
 Equivalent sets
Types of sets:
 Disjoint sets
 Overlapping sets
 Equivalent sets
 Equal sets

3 Operations on sets Example 4, 5,6,7,8

Union of sets Exercise 1
A set containing all the elements of A and B is called the union set A and Q1,2,4,5,6,7,8
set B.
Intersection of sets
A set containing the common elements of A and B is called the intersection
of set A and set B.
Note:
An element that is common to both sets is written once in the union set, not
twice.
Disjoint sets:
Non-empty sets that have no members in common are called disjoint sets.
Difference of sets:
The difference of any two sets A and B is the set of elements of set A which
are not in set B.
Universal set
A universal set is a set that includes all the elements under consideration is
called universal set.
Complement of a set
If a set A is a subset of a given universal set, then the set of elements not
in A is called its complement set.

4 Properties of the complement set Exercise 1

 The union of a set A and its complement produces the universal set. Q9,10,11,12,13+
 The intersection set of a set A and its complement is an empty set. Mcqs 1
 Prove that:

5 Chapter#2 Rational Numbers Example 1,2

Natural numbers or counting numbers are numbers that can be observed in Ex#2A Q1 to 9
nature. What happens when a natural number is divided by another
natural number? Sometimes, the result is a natural number (e.g. 10÷2=5).
But, sometimes the result is not a natural number (9 ÷12 = 3 ÷ 4). What
kind of a number is this?
Rational number:
Rational numbers are numbers that include integers and fractions.
𝟐 𝟑
For example, , − , 𝟎, 𝟒 are rational numbers.
𝟑 𝟒
Rational numbers on the number line
 Positive integers
 Negative integers
 Zero
 Common fractions

Remember:
Numbers increase to the right on the number line; they decrease to the left
on the number line

6 Standard form Example 4 to 7

A rational number is said to be in the standard form, if its denominator is a Ex 2B Q1 to 9
positive integer and the numerator and denominator have no common
factor other than 1.
For example,
6 6÷2 3 3 × (−1) −3
= = = =
−8 −8 ÷ 2 −4 −4 × (−1) 4
Steps for comparing two rational numbers:
i. Rewrite the given rational numbers so that their denominators are
positive.
ii. Express the rational numbers with a common denominator.
iii. Finally, compare the numerators. The one with the larger numerator
is greater.

Ordering rational numbers

 Reciprocal of a Rational Number

Rounding off Rational Numbers
Rounding rational numbers is same as rounding whole numbers. Instead of
rounding to tens, hundreds, thousands, and so on, we round to the tenth,
hundredth, thousandth and so on.
7 Operations on rational numbers Example 8,9,10,
 Addition 11,12
 Subtraction Ex 2C Q1 to 12
 Additive identity Mcqs 2
 Multiplication
 Multiplicative identity
 Absolute value of rational numbers

8-9 Chapter 4 Squares And Square Roots Exercise 4 Q1 to

Introduction with daily life example: 13
Imagine you have a collection of objects, such as candies, arranged in a Mcqs 4
square array. Knowing square numbers can help you quickly determine the Example 4 to 9
total number of objects without having to count each one individually. For
example, if there are 4 rows and 4 columns of candies, you can recognize
that it forms a square array, and the total number of candies is a square
number, specifically 4 x 4 = 16 candies
Perfect Squares:
A perfect square can be expressed as the product of two integers of equal
value.

 Note that:
i. + × += +
ii. − × −= +
iii. − × += −
iv. + ×−= −
Properties of perfect square of a number
 the square of a proper fraction is less than itself.
 the square of a decimal number less than 1, is less than itself.
Square root of positive integers

Determination of positive square roots by prime factors

Steps to determine the square root of a number:
 Find the prime factors of the number.
 Take one number from each pair of prime factors.
 The product of the chosen factors is the square root the number.
10 Chapter 7 Example 1 to 13
We considered tracking daily expenses over the course of a week. Starting Ex 7A Q 1 to 3
with a budget of $100, various expenses were deducted each day, such as
groceries, transportation, lunch, a movie ticket, coffee, dinner, and a book.
The remaining budget for each day was calculated accordingly: $80, $65,
$55, $30, $25, $10, and finally $2.
A sequence is a list of numbers in a certain order.
 Term
 Position to term rule
 𝑛𝑡ℎ term
Algebra as generalisation
Algebra helps in solving for the unknown quantity and finding the specific
amount required to achieve a desired outcome.
Algebraic expression
 Variables
 Constant
 Coefficient
 Like terms
 Unlike terms

Inequality:
An inequality is a mathematical statement that compares two quantities
using symbols like < (less than), > (greater than), ≤ (less than or equal to),
or ≥ (greater than or equal to). It shows the relationship between two
values, indicating whether one value is smaller, greater, or equal to the
other. For example, in the inequality 5 < 8, it states that 5 is less than 8.

Representation of inequalities on number line

Exponents:
 Base
 Exponent

11 Algebraic polynomials Example 14, 15,16

 Monomial Ex 7A Q 4 to 10 +
 Binomial Example 17,18,19
 Trinomial
 Arranging polynomials in increasing and decreasing order

 Addition of algebraic polynomials

 Subtraction of algebraic polynomials
Multiplication of algebraic polynomials
When we multiply two powers having the same base, we add the
exponents.

The product of two terms with like signs is positive and that of two terms
with unlike signs is negative.
Power of a power
To find the power of a power, we multiply the exponents.

12 Multiplication of different types of polynomials Example 20 to 29

 Monomial by a monomial and Example 31 to
𝒂 × 𝒃𝒄 = 𝒂𝒃𝒄 37
𝒂𝒃𝒄 × 𝒅 = 𝒂𝒃𝒄𝒅 Ex 7B Q1 to 10
 Binomial by a monomial Mcq7
𝒂 × (𝒃 + 𝒄) = (𝒂 × 𝒃) + (𝒂 × 𝒄)
(𝒂 + 𝒃) × 𝒄 = (𝒂 × 𝒄) + (𝒃 × 𝒄)
 Monomial by a trinomial
𝒂 × (𝒃 + 𝒄 + 𝒅) = (𝒂 × 𝒃) + (𝒂 × 𝒄) + (𝒂 × 𝒅)
 Binomial by binomial
(𝒂 + 𝒃) × (𝒄 + 𝒅) = (𝒂 × 𝒄) + (𝒂 × 𝒅) + (𝒃 × 𝒄) + (𝒃 × 𝒅)
 Binomial by a trinomial
(𝒂 + 𝒃) × (𝒄 + 𝒅 + 𝒆)
= (𝒂 × 𝒄) + (𝒂 × 𝒅) + (𝒂 × 𝒆) + (𝒃 × 𝒄) + (𝒃 × 𝒅)
+ (𝒃 × 𝒆)
Division of polynomials

13-14 Chapter 8 Algebraic Identities Example 1 to 6

Algebraic equations, identities and problems train our mind to think Exercise 8
logically. It plays important role in sports. The players of almost all the Mcq 8
sports, unintentionally, apply algebra.
Square of the sum of two terms

Square of the difference of two terms

Product of sum and difference of two terms

Second Term
1 Chapter 9 Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions Example 1,2,3
Recall: Ex 9A Q1 to 8+
 prime numbers Worksheet
 composite numbers
 prime factors
 Factorisation by using common factors
If an expression containing two or more terms possesses a common factor,
then that factor is a factor of each term.
For example, A is the factor of the expression:
AB + AC = A (B+C)
Since A is a factor A extends over
common to both the bracket (B+C)
AB and AC

2-3 Factorisation by breaking middle term Example 4,5,6

To factorise the expression, we take the following steps: Ex 9B + worksheet
 Multiply the coefficient of 𝑥 2 with the term free from 𝑥 (constant). Mcqs 9
 Find out the factors of the product 𝑎 × 𝑐 such that their algebraic
sum is equal to the coefficient of the middle term (i.e the term
containing 𝑥).
Note:
 If the product obtained above is positive, then both the factors of the
middle term will be either positive or negative.
 If the product is negative, then one of the two factors will be
negative and the other positive.
 Factorisation by making groups

4-5 Chapter 10 Linear equations Example 1,2,3

Algebraic Linear Equations Ex 10A Q1 to 22
Two algebraic expressions connected by a sign of equality constitute an
algebraic equation.
Identity
The two sides of this equation will always remain equal, whatever the value
of 𝑥 and 𝑦. This equation, then, is referred to as an identity.
Unknown quantity and root
 The variable for which a value is to be determined is termed as the
unknown quantity.
 Other symbols used in an algebraic equation are taken as constant.
 The value of the unknown quantity satisfying the equality of both
sides of the equation is known as a root.
Linear equation and its solution:
A first degree equation involving only one unknown quantity is known as a
simple equation.
Transposition:
Term of an equation can be transferred from one side to the other with a
change of sign. This process is known as transposition.

6 Problems on linear equations Example 6

Ex 10B Q 1,2,3,5,
6,7,8,10,12,13,14,
15

7-8 Simultaneous linear inequalities Example 10 to 12

We will learn how to find solutions of two or more linear inequalities Ex 10C Q1 to 4
Simultaneous linear equations: Exercise 10D
A set of two or more equations, each containing two or more variables Mcqs 10
whose values can simultaneously satisfy both or all the equations in the set.
There are three common methods for solving simultaneous linear
equations:
 Elimination method
 Substitution method
 Graphical method
9-10 Chapter 11 Lines and Angles Example 1,2,3,4,5
Introduction Exercise 11
Lines and angles play a role in various aspects of daily life for a class 6 Q1 to 8
student. Examples include road intersections, classroom arrangements, Mcqs 11
clocks, and soccer fields. Road intersections have right angles to determine
directions, classrooms have parallel and perpendicular lines for desk
arrangements, clocks display angles formed by their hands, and soccer
fields have intersecting lines forming right angles. Understanding lines and
angles helps in navigating, organizing spaces, interpreting time, and
participating in sports. These concepts have practical applications and are
encountered regularly in our everyday lives.
Triangle
A triangle is a geometrical shape that has 3 sides and 3 angles.
Properties of a Triangle
 The sum of interior angles of a triangle equals to 180° .
 The interior and exterior angles of a triangle are supplementary;
thus, their sum is 180° .

Polygons
 Definition
 Types of a polygon
 Interior and exterior angles of a polygon
 Sum of interior angles of a polygon
 Calculating each exterior angle of a polygon

10-11 Chapter 12 Practical Geometry Ex 12A

 Bisecting a line segment Q1, 2,3,4(i,ii),5(i to
iv), 6,7
  Bisecting an angle

Triangles
Types of triangles:
Triangles are classified according to the length of their sides or the size of
their angles.
Classification of triangles by the sides
 Scalene triangle
 Isosceles triangle
 Equilateral triangle
Classification of triangles by the angles
 Acute-angled triangle
 Right-angled triangle
 Obtuse-angled triangle
Constructing triangles
 Constructing a scalene triangle when the length of three sides are
given.
 Constructing equilateral triangle when the base is known.
 Constructing an isosceles triangle when a base and base angle are
known.
 Constructing acute-angled triangle
 Constructing obtuse-angled triangle
 Constructing a right-angled triangle

12-13 Theorems Basic theorems

Congruent shapes related to triangles,
Congruent shapes are objects that are both the same shape and exactly right bisector of a
the same size. Triangles ABC and DEF in the image, for example, are line segment.
congruent because they are both triangles, the respective angles are the
same, and the respective sides are the same length. If one were to place
the image of Triangle ABC on top of the image of Triangle DEF, the images
would line up exactly, and this would be the case for all congruent shapes.

Similar shapes
Similar shapes are objects that are the same shape, but not the same size. In
the diagram above, triangles ABC and EGF are similar because they have the
same shape and the same angles. They are not congruent because ABC is
clearly smaller than EGF.
Rules for triangle congruency: