ASTEROID MINING

21 LUTETIA

21 LUTETIA
Cosmos prospectors
 21 LUTETIA
COSMOS PROSPECTORS

Asteroids are rocky objects revolving

around the sun that are too small to be
called planets. They are also known as
planetoids or minor planets. There are
millions of asteroids, ranging in size from
hundreds of miles to several feet across. In
total, the mass of all the asteroids is less
than that of Earth's moon.
Mining is the extraction (removal) of
minerals and metals. Manganese, tantalum,
cassiterite, copper, tin, nickel, bauxite
(aluminum ore), iron ore, gold, silver, and
diamonds are just some examples of what is
mined.
Asteroid mining is the hypothetical
exploitation of materials from asteroids and
other minor planets including near Earth -
objects.
Notable asteroid mining challenges include
the high cost of spaceflight, unreliable
identification of asteroids which are
suitable for mining, and the challenges of
extracting usable material in a space
environment.
Asteroid sample return research missions
illustrate the challenges of collecting ore
from space using current technology. As of
2021, less than 1 gram of asteroid material
has been successfully returned to earth
from space. In progress missions promise to
up this amount to approximately 60 grams.

Asteroid research missions are complex

endeavors and return a tiny amount of
material relative to the size and expense of
these projects. After a burst of interest in
the 2010s, asteroid mining ambitions have
shifted to more distant long-term goals and
some 'asteroid mining' companies have
pivoted to more general-purpose propulsion
technology.
How can we do asteroid mining?
Asteroid mining is costly; one solution is to
switch from classical rockets to electric
spaceships. We already use electrical rocket
engines for many of the space probes on
science machines. In principle we only need
to build bigger ones. The electrical
rocket’s/spaceships will require only a tiny
amount of fuel to go very far once they are
in space. This means we don’t need to
spend lots on fuel, only to transport it into
the space. It may not solve the whole cost
problem, but it makes easier to start our
first mission.
Which metals to be used?
Most rockets use aerospace grade
aluminum or titanium since both metals are
very strong but light weight. Aluminum,
however, melts at the high reentry
temperatures
This project is separated into three Phases.

In phase 1 we will see about the asteroid

and the machine and its parts and how it
works

In phase 2 we will see about its dimensions,

weight, cost, fuel, rocket

In phase 3 we will see about parts in deep

PHASE 1

1.1 TARGETED ASTEROID

1.2 MODEL OF THE PROJECT

1.3 PARTS AND USES

1.4 PROCESSESING

PHASE 2

2.1 DIMINSIONS

2.2 WEIGHT

2.3 COST

2.4 ROCKET

2.5 VOLTS

2.6 TIME

2.7 SPEED

PHASE 3

3.1 CONTAINER

3.2 DUCT

3.3 FILTER PATH

3.4 MANAGING UNITS

4 REFERENCES

5 DISADVANTAGES AND ADVANTAGES

6 SUMMARY

7 MARS BASE

8 TEAM MEMBERS

9 THANK YOU
 PHASE 1
TARGETED ASTREIOD
21 LUTETIA

Lutetia is a large asteroid in the asteroid belt of an

unusual spectral type. It measures about 100
kilometres in diameter (120 km along its major
axis). It was discovered in 1852 by Hermann
Goldschmidt, and is named after Lutetia, the Latin
name of Paris.

The composition of Lutetia has puzzled

astronomers for some time. While
classified among the M-type
asteroids, most of which are metallic,
Lutetia is one of the anomalous members
that do not display evidence of metal on
their surface. Indeed, there were various
indications of a non-metallic surface: a
flat, low frequency spectrum similar to
that of carbonaceous chondrites and C-
type asteroids and not at all like that
of metallic
meteorites, low radar albedo unlike the
high albedos of strongly metallic
asteroids like 16 Psyche, evidence
of hydrated materials on its
surface, abundant silicates, and a
thicker regolith than most asteroids.
Asteroids which we can mine and get
rich metals:
two metal-rich near-Earth asteroids
(NEAs) that could one day be mined for
iron, nickel and cobalt could for use on
Earth or in space. They're reckoned to
be 85% metal and one is thought to
contain enough iron, nickel and cobalt to
exceed Earth's reserves.
Lutetia orbits the Sun at the distance of
approximately 2.4 AU in the inner asteroid
belt. Its orbit lies almost in the plane of
ecliptic and is moderately eccentric. The
orbital period of Lutetia is 3.8 years. It is
1.631 AU (243994127 km) far from earth.

. place of Lutetia.
Composition of Lutetia
MODAL OF THE PROJECT
We propose the construction of a
cuboidal mining machine for space
mining. It is about 21 meters high. We
can use less price rockets and make it
land on the asteroid and mine the useful
and rare metals. It is a remote-control
system. We can operate from earth. It
digs the surface of the asteroid using a
mining tool after it the materials enters
through the duct and only the precious
and useful metals are collected in the
container and the container is sent back
to earth and next time the container is
sent back again to get some more
metals. However, the first project makes
the next
easier and even cost effective. The
machinery will likely be solar powered,
to reduce the need for fuel that would
have to be hauled to the asteroid by
spacecraft.
The equipment will also have to be
lightweight to transport it to the asteroid.

Our machine will mine 5 meters per day;

as slow it works as long it lives.
PARTS AND USES
There are mainly three sections the duct,
the path, and the container. The parts in
sections are used like this.
 Solar panel: This is used to get
energy
 Storage container: To store useful
metals
 Metal separator: To sperate
different useful
metals
 Signal receiver: To get signals from
earth
 Managing unit: To manage the
functions of the machine
 Material filter: To separate non-
metals from metals
 Digging machine: To dig
 Duct: To collect the dunged
materials and also to throw the waste
materials.
 Battery: To give energy to boost and
also to the mining machine
 Engine: To boost
 PROCESSING

The digging machine will contain a

moving metal pipe and a tip of
exchanging crystalized carbon to mine.
The mined materials go through the duct
and filtered by metal filter which take
metals in and throw out rocks and non-
metals through small duct.

Now the mined metals enter the filter

path here the metal separator. As the
metals are separated with non-metals
different metals are combined with this
metal separator the different metals are
separated.
And at last, the metals reach the
container.
The machine gets energy from the solar
panels. After the resources are mined
and stored the boosters boost and reach
earth and the resources are used. It the
next boost the same container is sent
back to get some more metals. The
machine moves on the asteroid with the
help of vibration generated while
mining. It mines 12 hours a day.
PHASE 2
DIMENSIONS
Area of the solar panel
Side = 50 cm
Area= 6495.19 cm^2

Volume of the storage container

Side = 10 m
Volume = 1000 m^3

Volume of the filter path

Length = 7m
Breath = 3m
Height = 5m
Volume = 105 m^3

Volume of duct
Length = 4m
Breath = 10m
Height = 6m
Volume = 240m^3

Area of the engine

A = 2m
B = 3m
Area = 3m^3
 WEIGHT
Material

Chromium and aluminium

Chromium holds the second position in the

world’s strongest metal on Earth. It is a
steel-grey and lustrous metal with atomic
number 24. The use of Chromium is in
making the stainless-steel alloy.
Furthermore, Chromium metal
has corrosion resistance and hardness, so it
has a high value. The Melting of Chromium
is 1907°C and its symbol is ‘Cr’. We can use
this to make the machine. And cover it with
a layer of aluminium as for the main frame
mostly used metals are aerospace grade
aluminium or titanium since both metals are
very strong but light weight. Future rocket
designs are even looking into using carbon
composite structures. Aluminium, however,
melts at the high re-entry temperatures. the
metal to be used for the rocket's engine:
The inner wall of the rocket engine is made
of copper alloys (typically, chromium
copper). It can withstand the heat of
3,000°C that bursts out of nozzles during the
launch. Other noteworthy metals used in
rockets are titanium and silver

the metal to be used in the fuel tank:

the fuel tank is to be constructed of
materials such as aluminium alloys, steels or
carbon fibre wound tanks.

Metal used for drilling the asteroid:

High-speed steel (HSS) is a form of tool

steel; HSS bits are hard and much more
resistant to heat than high-carbon steel.
They can be used to drill metal, hardwood,
and most other materials at greater cutting
speeds than carbon-steel bits, and have
largely replaced carbon steels.
 Weight

Fully fueled, with the spacecraft on top,

it weighs about 730,000 pounds (333,000
kilograms).

The weight of the machine is about 10

kilograms (22.046 pounds)

Fully filled container will weigh about

10000 pounds (4535.924 kilograms)

At second time it will be 1 kilogram

(while going to the asteroid)
 COST
Cost of the rocket (first time) is about
110–153 million US dollars in 2016
Cost of the first entire project is about
160 million US dollars
Cost of rocket (second time) is about 17-
27 million US dollars
Cost of the second time (only the
container) is about 20 million US dollars
Cost of the machine (in first try) is about
7 million US dollars
Cost of machine (in second try) is about
3 million US dollars
Cost of current used (in first time) is
about 1 million US dollars
Cost of current used (in second time) is
about 10,000 US dollars
 ROCKET
ATLAS 5

We can use atlas 5 rocket to send the

machine at the first time. Now let us see
about atlas 5 rocket.
Atlas V uses a standard common core
booster, up to five solid rocket boosters
(SRBs), a Centaur upper stage in a
single- or dual-engine configuration,
and one of several sizes of payload
fairings.
Centaur is the world's highest-
performing upper stage. The pressure-
stabilized tanks combined with the
lightweight Aerojet Rocketdyne RL10C-1
engine provides industry best thrust-to-
weight ratio. The stage has
demonstrated long-coast relight
capability that enables it to service any
orbital need.

PAYLOAD FAIRINGS
The payload fairing (PLF) provides a
controlled, safe environment for
spacecraft during ascent. All ULA PLFs is
configured for off-pad payload
encapsulation to enhance payload safety
and security and minimize on-pad time.
The Atlas V payload fairings are
configurable to fit a variety of spacecraft
heights, both 4-m and 5-m diameter
variants are available in three lengths.
The 4-m PLF is a metallic design,
configured by adding additional
cylindrical plugs to achieve the desired
length. The 5-m PLF is a carbon
composite bi-sector design
manufactured by ULA partner RUAG
Space.
PROPULSION

Main Engine

Delivering more than 860,000 pounds of

thrust at liftoff and an impressive range
of continuous throttling capability, the
RD-180 main engine is a powerful
combination of innovation and
performance. Designed and
manufactured by NPO Energomash, the
liquid oxygen/liquid kerosene, two-
thrust-chamber RD-180 engine is a
complete propulsion unit equipped with
hydraulics for control valve actuation
and thrust vector gimbaling, pneumatics
for valve actuation and system purging,
and a thrust frame to distribute loads.
Solid Rocket Boosters

When missions demand additional thrust

at liftoff, Atlas integrates up to three
Aerojet Rocketdyne solid rocket
boosters (SRBs) on the Atlas V 400 series
launch vehicle and up to five SRBs on the
Atlas V 500 series vehicles.
Upper Stage

Both the Atlas V and the Delta IV rely on

the RL10 propulsion system to power
their second stages. Logging an
impressive record of nearly 400
successful flights and nearly 700 firings
in space, RL10 engines, manufactured
by Aerojet Rocketdyne, harness the
power of high-energy liquid hydrogen.
The RL10 boasts a precision control
system and restart capability to
accurately place payloads into orbit.
The Atlas V Centaur upper stage is
powered by the RL10C and can be
configured with either one or two
engines.
Total launches 89
Successes 88
Partial failures 1
At the second time (only the container)
we can use PSLV rocket which is cost
effective and can send the load to the
++asteroid like the method used for
launching Mangalyaan (to go out of
earth’s gravitational pull it uses small
amount of energy it is shown in the
following figure).
We can use the same method for
launching the container to our asteroid
(21 LUTETIA). Let us see about PSLV
rocket
The Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle
(PSLV) is an expendable medium-lift
launch vehicle designed and operated
by the Indian Space Research
Organization (ISRO). It was developed to
allow India to launch its Indian Remote
Sensing (IRS) satellites into sun-
synchronous orbits, a service that was,
until the advent of the PSLV in 1993,
commercially available only from
Russia. PSLV can also launch small size
satellites into Geostationary Transfer
Orbit (GTO).
Some notable payloads launched by
PSLV include India's first lunar probe
Chandrayaan-1, India's first
interplanetary mission, Mars Orbiter
Mission (Mangalyaan) and India's first
space observatory, Astro sat.

PSLV has gained credence as a leading

provider of rideshare services for small
satellites, due its numerous multi-
satellite deployment campaigns with
auxiliary payloads usually ride sharing
along an Indian primary payload. As of
February 2021, PSLV has launched 342
foreign satellites from 36 countries. Most
notable among these was the launch of
PSLV-C37 on 15 February 2017,
successfully deploying 104 satellites in
sun-synchronous orbit, tripling the
previous record held by Russia for the
highest number of satellites sent to
space on a single launch, until 24
January 2021, when SpaceX launched
the Transporter-1 mission on a Falcon 9
rocket carrying 143 satellites into orbit.

Payloads can be integrated in tandem

configuration employing a Dual Launch
Adapter. Smaller payloads are also
placed on equipment deck and
customized payload adapters.
 VOLTS
We can use AC current
Our machine in first try it may take
1,000,000 volts
In second try it may take 10,000 volts
We can use electrical spaceships as it is
cost effective. And it is also used in
many spacecrafts.
 TIME
IN FIRST TIME IT MAY TAKE 2 & HALF
YEARS.
IN SECOND TIME IT MAY TAKE 3 & HALF
YEARS.
IT MAY TAKE 1& HALF YEAR TO MINE THE
ASTERIOD THE CONTAINER FULL.
IT MAY TAKE 2 YEARS TO REACH THE
ASTERIOD.
 SPEED
The rocket takes 4,500 meters per
second (10,000 miles per hour).
Our spacecraft may go 150 meter per
second (0.0932 miles per second).
PHASE 3
CONTAINER
So, the container is an exchanging
repository for the machine. When the
machine landed on the asteroid it starts
to mine it and stores the useful metals in
the container. The container after storing
enough of metals it come back to earth
and fall into the ocean and the ships
collect it and we can store the metals
and re-send the container to the
machine and get some more metals.
We can even send battery each time it
come back. We can even go 16 PYSCHE
and mine the potato shaped object.
Container is connected with solar panel,
engine, battery, and managing units.
Solar panels for extra energy
Engine to boost
Battery for energy
DUCT
The duct is the opening of the machine it
contains booster which boost with the
help of electric current. it even helps in
mining the asteroid to observe the
metals or collect the metals it even filters
the materials with separate nonmetals
from metals and after it separate it
through out nonmetals and the metals
enter the filter part
FILTER PATH
The function/work that is going to be
done by the filter path in the machine is
that, it separates the metals that are
obtained from the asteroid after being
mined.

The filter path is connected with metal

filter which filter the different metal, it is
also connected with the sensors which
verifies that the metals are only stored
MANAGING UNIT
managing units:
it contains of the sensor and other
controls
it does the functions of a control room,
which can be controlled from the Earth
as well
the sensor is used to find out if the
minerals mined are metals or not...
if humans will be controlling the
machine, then they will control it from
the managing unit.
it will have a control of all the functions
like: moving the machine to another
asteroid, fixing it to the asteroid to start
mining, and sending the minerals to the
earth...
 REFERENCES
HYABUSA MISSION
https://youtu.be/y8XvQNt26KI
https://youtu.be/y8XvQNt26KI
https://youtu.be/y8XvQNt26KI
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroi
d_mining
https://www.bing.com/search?q=21+lut
etia&FORM=AWRE
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlas_V
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_Sat
ellite_Launch_Vehicle
https://youtu.be/erF17yO9VsE
https://youtu.be/erF17yO9VsE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y8X
vQNt26KI
https://youtu.be/75urBMQyrIE
https://youtu.be/x892A6btIxQ
https://youtu.be/p6jrr9XIbP0
https://www.nap.edu/read/10318/chapt
er/5
https://www.permanent.com/asteroid-
mining.html -
:~:text=Many%20different%20methods
%20have%20been,cutting%20edge%20
against%20the%20ore
https://www.permanent.com/asteroid-
mining.html
https://youtu.be/9ehzAZ0jGc0
https://youtu.be/0QxN3l5UIgc
https://youtu.be/r-OCcFnp2RA
https://youtu.be/3-3DjxhGaUg
 DISADVANTAGES
 The first project will cost much
 If the machine will not work, we can
only get what we mined still that time
and until the next shot we cannot do
any thing
 It takes long time to reach the
asteroid and also to mine
 After we get all the rare metals it
stops being rare and stop being
precious.
 Our asteroid does not have
gravitational pull.

ADVANTAGES
 We can get the metals we lost from
this many years and we can get many
rare metals like alkaline metals
alkaline earth metals which is only
present in earth’s core
 SUMMARY
There are millions of asteroids, ranging in size
from hundreds of miles to several feet across. In
total, the mass of all the asteroids is less than
that of Earth's moon. Mining is the extraction of
minerals and metals. Asteroid mining is the
hypothetical exploitation of materials from
asteroids and other minor planets including near
Earth - objects. Notable asteroid mining
challenges include the high cost of spaceflight,
unreliable identification of asteroids which are
suitable for mining, and the challenges of
extracting usable material in a space
environment. Asteroid sample return research
missions illustrate the challenges of collecting
ore from space using current technology. As of
2021, less than 1 gram of asteroid material has
been successfully returned to earth from space.
Asteroid research missions are complex
endeavours and return a tiny amount of material
relative to the size and expense of these projects.
After a burst of interest in the 2010s, asteroid
mining ambitions have shifted to more distant
long-term goals and some 'asteroid mining'
companies have pivoted to more general-purpose
propulsion technology. The electrical
rocket's/spaceships will require only a tiny
amount of fuel to go very far once they are in
space.
Lutetia is a large asteroid in the asteroid belt of an
unusual spectral type. It was discovered in 1852
by Hermann Goldschmidt, and is named after
Lutetia, the Latin name of Paris. The composition
of Lutetia has puzzled astronomers for some
time. While classified among the M-type
asteroids, most of which are metallic, Lutetia is
one of the anomalous members that do not
display evidence of metal on their surface.
Indeed, there were various indications of a non-
metallic surface: a flat, low frequency spectrum
similar to that of carbonaceous chondrites and C-
type asteroids and not at all like that of metallic
meteorites, low radar albedo unlike the high
albedos of strongly metallic asteroids like 16
Psyche, evidence of hydrated materials on its
surface, abundant silicates, and a thicker regolith
than most asteroids. Asteroids which we can
mine and get rich metals: two metal-rich near-
Earth asteroids that could one day be mined for
iron, nickel and cobalt could for use on Earth or in
space. Lutetia orbits the Sun at the distance of
approximately 2. 4 AU in the inner asteroid belt.
Its orbit lies almost in the plane of ecliptic and is
moderately eccentric. The orbital period of Lutetia
is 3. Hence, we have created a machine which will
not only mine the asteroid it also stores and even
bring them back. This machine will only store the
useful and rare metals which we have been losing
from this many years and after the container store
enough of metals the container returns earth
while the mining machine sates back in the
asteroid. Now we will use the metals and re-send
the container to the asteroid to collect some more
metals. We can even go to other asteroids to mine
other metals like to go to 16 Psyche from 21
Lutetia or even to Kuiper belt. This project is
about metals we can even re design the machine
to mine water to get hydrogen fuel we can use
water asteroids like space fuel stations. Mining
asteroids is our first step to become an
interplanetary civilization.
 MARS BASE
To use the metals by 2030 a mars base
would be constructed we can use the mined
metals to construct mars base we will see
how to construct a mars base. Even for
expansionist species like us, Mars is
extreme. At the first glance Mars seems
familiar polar ice caps large valleys liquid
water under its surface and a day barely
longer than Earth's Then ideal place for us to
go. Unfortunately, Mars is actually a cold,
radioactive desert where the ground is
poisonous and breathing is impossible Mars
is awful You almost certainly don't want to
go there the pioneers doing the hard work
on Mars will have an intensely stressful life
filled with incredibly challenging problems
never encountered before but there are
plenty of people willing to do that work and
we have the technology to enable them to
do it.For this project we will assume there
have been prior missions to mars to scout
out a good place for an outpost, store
resources and equipment and that there is
already a moon base that serves as a hub for
Mars mission. The first major challenge for
our outpost is the fact that mars is very
energy poor Because of its distance from the
sun, solar power is only 40%as effective as
on Earth. But even this weekend sunlight is
often obscured for days by enormous dust
storms. Solar power alone will probably not
be enough. Alternatives, such as wind
power, and geothermal energy and also
unfeasible as there's harder any atmosphere
and Mars interior is much too cold. Initially,
nuclear technology might be the only
options. Since Mars doesn’t have easily
accessible radioactive elements, the nuclear
fuel needs to come from Earth along with the
reactor. If we do set up, it could power our
small outpost for the first few years.
Unfortunately, all that energy won't be very
useful if we can't breathe. Mars atmosphere
is only 1% as dense as earths, and mostly
made up of co2. So, now habitats need to be
pressurized and filled with an artificial
atmosphere made of nitrogen and oxygen
which comes with more problems.
 THANK YOU

OUR DREAM IS SPACE

Don't tell me sky's the limit when there's footprints on
an asteroid
TEAM MEMBERS

CAPTAIN
PATHURI SRAVYASRI
7TH STANDARD
MODAL, TYPING, COST
AND SUMMARY

TEAM MATE
NEHA C P
8TH STANDARD
WEIGHT AND
MANAGING UNITS
VICE CAPTAIN
DISHA S NAYAK
8TH STANDARD
INTRODUCTION
AND MANY OTHER
INFORMATIONS

TEAM MATE
KEERTHANA S
7TH STANDARD
SHIP
TEAM MATE
TAAHAR ALAM
7TH STANDARD
ROCKET

TEAM MATE
SUCHITRA S
8TH STANDARD
SPEED AND TIME
 TEAM MATE
DURGA SRIDYUTHI
8TH STANDARD
ROCKET AND
DIMENSIONS

SUPERVISION UNDER:
RAMTEJA SIR
NARAYANA E-TECHNO SCHOOL
(BLR-VRP) KARNATAKA
THANK
YOU