TESTS FOR THE FUNCTIONAL

GROUPS PRESENT IN
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
0. 1. What is a functional group ?
9
Ans. The group of atoms that largely determines the properties of an organic
compound is called functional group.
0. 2. Name any three functional groups.
Ans. Hydroxyl group OH, Aminogroup -NH, Ester group -CcOOR.
Q. 3. What is the functional group present in alkenes and alkynes?
Ans. Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with C = C bond present in them.
Alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with C =Cbond present in them.
Q.4. What is Baeyer's reagent ?
Ans. It is 1% solution of KMnO, in water made alkaline by adding sodium
carbonate solution.
0.5. What is Baeyer's test for unsaturation ?
Ans. When Baeyer's reagent (alkaline potassium permanganate) is added to
unsaturated compound, its colour gets discharged indicating presence of
C=CorCa Cin the compound.
Q. 6. What is the action of alkynes on blue litmus paper ?
Ans. No reaction because alkynes are very weakly acidic.
Q.7. Which is more acidic : an alcohol or aphenol ?
Ans. Aphenol.
Q.8. What is the use of Lucas reagent ?
Ans. It is used to distinguish between primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols.
Q9. What is the formula of ceric ammonium nitrate?
Ans. (NH),Ce(NO)6
Q 10. Which of the two is more acidic : phenol or carboxylic acid ?
Ans. Carboxylic acid.
Q 11. What happens when sodium bicarbonate is added to a carboxylic acid ?
Ans. Brisk effervescence due to evolution of carbon dioxide gas.
Q12. Does phenolliberate CO, gas from sodium bicarbonate slution ?
Ans. No, because phenol is a weaker acid than carboxylic acid.
21
 22 MODERNsb. CHEMISTTRY LAB
Q. 13. Which carboxylic acid contains
ortho position in benzene ?
MANUAL
both carboxylic and hydroxyl KI)

Ans. Salicylic acid.

group at
Q. 14. Phenols turn blue litmus red, then why they do not give
with NaHCO,?
Ans. Phenols are weak acids.
Q. 15. Libermann's test is used for detection of
ef ervescence
which functional group ?
Ans. Phenolic group.
Q. 16. Name two tests to distinguish aldehydes and
ketones.
Ans. Tollen's test and Fehlings solution test.
Q. 17. Name a reagent used to detect
carbony group in a compound.
Ans. DNP (2, 4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine) test.
Q. 18. What is Tollen's reagent ?
Ans. It is ammoniacal silver nitrate solution.
Q. 19. What is the use of Schiff's
reagent ?
Ans. Schiff's reagent is used to detect
Q. 20. What is Fehling's solution ?
aldehyde group.
Ans. It is a solution obtained by mixing equal
volumes of copper sulphate solution
(Fehling A) and asolution of sodium hydroxide
tartarate (Fehling B). containing
sodium potassium
Q. 21. Which hydroxy compound gives dye
Ans. Phenols.
test with diazonium compounds
?
Q. 22. How nitrous acid is
prepared ?
Ans. When sodium nitrite is reacted with
dil. HCI at a temperature below 5°C,
nitrous acid is produced.
Q. 23. Carbylamine reaction is used to
test which functional group ?
Ans. It is used to detect primary amine.
Q. 24. What is carbylamine test?
Ans. Primary amines on heating with alcoholic
smell due to formation of KOH and chloroform give offensive
0. 25. What is the carbylamine.
importance of azo dye test?
Ans. To distinguish between aromatic and
Q. 26. Give the name of one aliphatic primary amine.
compound other than carboxylic acid which evolves
carbon dioxide from Na,CO, solution.
Ans. Trinitrophenol or Picric acid.
0. 27. What is a Roschelle salt ?
Ans. It is sodium potassium tartarate.
 VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS

ions in a compound.
(PREPARATION OF
STANDARD SOLUTIONS)
0. 1. What do you mean by the term
analysis ?
Ans. It is the systematic procedure used to detect and
11
estimate the elements or
0. 2. What is volumetric analysis ?
Ans. It is the type of quantitative analysis which
of volumes.
involves the exact measurement
0. 3. What is meant by the terms titrant and
titre ?
Ans. The solution taken in the titration flask is called titrant and the
which is
solution
made to react with the titrant is called titre.
0. 4. Why titration flask should not be rinsed ?
Ans. Apart of the liquid used for rinsing willremain sticking to the flask. Therefore,
pipetted volume taken in the titration flask will increase.
Q.5. Why hot substances should not be weighed ?
Ans. Convection currents are set up in the balance which change the weight.
Q.6. Why pipette should not be held from the bulb ?
Ans. Body heat leads to the expansion of the bulb. Therefore, volume of solution
in the pipette changes.
Q.7. What is the weight of rider ?
Ans. It weighs 10 mg.
Q. 8. What is the use of a rider ?
Ans. It is used for weights less than 10 mg.
Q.9. Why should a hot solution be not measured with a measuring Aask ?
Ans. The measuring flask is generally calibrated at 20°C. Therefore, a hot solution
willnot give the correct volume due to the expanded volume of the flask.
Q 10. why should the last drop in the pipette be not blown out?
Ans. This is because it has already been accounted for while calibrating the pipette.
solutions ?
11. Why is the upper meniscus of the burette read in case of coloured
Ans. In case of coloured solutions, the upper meniscus can be read more easily as
compared to lower meniscus.

25
 26 ODERN'sb.
OCEMISTRY LAR

Q. 12. Why should funnel be removed fromthe top of the burette MANUAL (XI)
the initial reading ? before taking
Ans. Funnel is removed so that the liquid drops sticking to the
stem of funnel do
not flow down and change the initial reading.
Q. 13. Why we use antiparallax card ?
Ans. To eliminate the error in reading burette caused by parallax.
Q. 14. Name the various ways by which
expresed.
concentration of a solution may he
Ans. () Percentage (ii) Normality (ii) Molarity (iv) Molality.
Q. 15. What is a primary standard ?
Ans. Asubstance which is available in pure form and its
standard solution can be
prepared by dissolving in a definite volume of the solvent.
Q 16. What do you understand by a secondary standard ?
Ans. A substance which is not available in pure form and
its
cannot be prepared by dissolving a definite amount of it instandard solution
definite volume
of the solvent is called secondary standard.
Q. 17. What is a normal solution ?
Ans. Nomal soluion of substance is solution
solute per litre of solution. containing one gram-equivalent of
Q. 18. What is a molar solution ?
Ans. Molar solution of a substance is that
which contains one gram molecular
mass or one gram mole of it per litre of the solution.
Q. 19. What is a standard solution ?
Ans. A solution whose concentration is known is
called a standard solution.
Q. 20. What do you mean by the term
analysis ?
Ans. It is the systematic procedure used to derect and
in a compound.
estimate the elements or ions
Q. 21. What are the two major types of
analysis ?
Ans. () Qualitative analysis, (i)
Quantitative analysis.
Q. 22. What is the difference between the
qualitative and quantitative analysis ?
Ans. Qualitative analysis only deals with the
detection of elements or ions in a
compound while quantitative analysis deals with the exact measurement of
weights or volumes.
Q. 23. What is volumetric analysis ?
Ans. It is the type of quantitative analysis which involves the exact
of volumes. measurement
 PERMANGANOMETRIC
TITRATIONS (REDox
TITRATIONS INVOLVING KMnO
o. 1. What do you understand by self-indicator ?
12
Ans. When one of the substance in the volumetric titration acts as indicator, it is
known as self-indicator.
Q. 2. What is a redox reaction ?
Ans. Reaction between an oxidising and reducing agent is called redox reaction.
Q.3. What is an oxidising agent ?
Ans. It is a substance which gains one or more electrons.
Q.4. What is a reducing agent?
Ans. A substance that loses one or more electrons.
Q.5. What do you understand by redox titration ?
Ans. Titration in which one substance is oxidised and the other reduced.
Q.6. How will you determine the equivalent mass of an oxidising
agent ?

Ans.
Mol. mass of oxidising agent = Eq. mass
No. of electrons accepted by one molecule of the oxidising agent
Q.7. What is the equivalent mass of KMnO, in the acidic medium ?
Ans. It is 31.6.
Q. 8. What happens if dil. H2S04 is not added in KMn04 titrations?
Ans. Abrown precipiate of MnO, is formed and end point is not detected clearly.
Q9. What is the basis for using KMnO, in volumetric estimations ?
Ans. In the presence of dil. H,SO4, KMnO, liberates nascent oxygen
2KMnO,+3H,S0,K,SO, +2MnSO, +3H,0 +50
Nascent oxygen quantitatively oxidises oxalic acid, oxalates and ferrous salts.
Q 10. Which indicator is used in KMnO, titrations ?
Ans. KMnO, acts as self-indicator. The completion of reaction is indicated by
appearance of a light pink colour.
211. Why burette with rubber stopper is not used in KMnO4 titration ?
Ans. KMnO, solution attacks rubber.

29
 30 MODKRSb CHEMISTRY LAB MANUAL OXI)
Q 12. Explain why only dil. H,so, is used in KMnO, titrations?
Ans. Only dil. H,sO, is the suitable acid in KMnO, titrations because :
()Dil. HCl is a reducing agent and it is oxidised by KMnO,to chlorine gas.
()Dil. HNO, is an oxidising agent and can oxidise Fet to Fe*.
Q. 13. Is KMnO, a primary standard ?
Ans. No, because it is not available in pure state.
Q. 14. Why is it necessary to heat the solution of oxalates or oxalic acid to
60-70°C while titrating against KMnO, solution ?
Ans. Carbon dioxide is liberated when oxalic acid or oxalates are oxidised by
KMnO,
during titration. It tends to shift the equilibrium in the backward direction. It
is heated to60 -70° C toexpel carbon dioxide gas and shifts the
in the forward direction. equilibrium
Q. 15. How do you test that the solution of oxalic acid or oxalate has
attained a
temperature of 60-70°C?
Ans. By touching the titration flask on the back side of the hand. It
unbearable if the temperature of the solution is 60-70°C or above.
becomes
Q. 16. What is the end point in KMnO,
titrations ?
Ans. Appearance of a light pink colour.
 QUALITATIVE
ANALYSIS
0. 1. Define the following terms :
3-23
()Qualitative analysis (i) Quantitative analysis.
Ans. () Qualitative analysis involves the identification of constituents or
components of a substance.
(i) Quantitative analysis aims at determination of relative amounts of
components of a substance.
Q. 2. What is inorganic qualitative analysis ?
Ans. The detection of basic radical and acid radical in an unknown salt or mixture
is called inorganic qualitative analysis.
0.3. What are wet tests ?
Ans. Wet tests are performed with salt in its aqueous solution.
0.4. What is macro scale analysis ?
Ans. In macro-scale analysis the quanity of substance used is 0.5-1.0 g and the
volume of solution is about 15-25 ml.
Q.5. What is meant by a cation and an anion ?
Ans. Cation is a positively charged ion while anion is a negatively charged ion.
Q. 6. What is a radical ?
Ans. It is an atom or group of atoms carrying either positive or negative charge
and which behaves as a single unit in chemical reactions.
Q.7. What is meant by acid and basic racicals ?
Ans. In an ionic compound, e.g,, Nat C, the part (Na)which has come fromn
the base (NaOH) is called basic radical and the part (Cl)which has come
from the acid (HCI) is called the acid radical.
Q. 8. What are dry tests ?
Ans. These are the tests which are carried out with the salt in the dry state.
Q.9. Name the coloured ions.
Ans. Cu2, Ni*, Mn2+, Fe2, Fet and Co2+,
Q. 10. Which burner is used in the laboratory ?
Ans. Bunsen burner.
Q. 11, What is the colour of ferrous salts?
Ans. Generally light green.
12. Name any ferrous salt which is yellow.
Ans. Ferrous carbonate.
31
 32
MODERNSab CHEMISTRY LAB MANUAL (OXI)
0. 13. Name the basic radicals which are absent, if the given
coloured.
mixture is not
Ans. Cu,Fe, Fe, Ni, Co2 and Mn,
Q. 14. While performing the dry heating tests, why do we keep the
test tube slanting slightly downwards ?
mouth of the
Ans. To prevent any condensed water drops from falling back on the lower
hot
portion of the test tube and thus cracking it.
Q. 15. Why a salt or a mixture containing lead turns black in
for a long time
colour when placed
in laboratory ?
Ans. Due to the formation of black coloured PbS by the
action of H,S.
Q. 16. What is meant by the term decrepitation ?Name two
salts which decrepitate
on heating
Ans. Certain salts contain a small quantity of mother
liquor entrapped in their
crystals. On heating the salt, the entrapped liquid vapourises and causes the
crystals to brcak. This produces crackling noise called decrepitation.
Pb(NO,), and Ba(NO), are the two salts which decrepitate on heating.
Q. 17. Why blue crystals of copper sulphate are rendered colourless on
heating?
Ans. On heating hydrated copper sulphate, CuSO, 5H,0 (blue) changes into
the anhydrous copper sulphate, CuSO, (white).
Q. 18. NO, and Br, both are brown in colour. How will you distinguish
them ? between
Ans. The gas which turns FeSO, solution black is NO, and the other which does
not turn FeSO, solution black is Br,.
Q. 19. Why alums and phosphates swell on heating?
Ans. On heating, the molecular structure changes which results in increase in
volume. Increase in volume causes swelling.
Q. 20. VWhat is sublimation and sublimate ?
Ans. The process of direct change of a solid into vapours is called sublimation.
The vapours which get condensed on the upper cooler parts of the vessel is
called sublimate.
Q. 21. VWhat is the function of charcoal block in charcoal cavity test ?
Ans. It reduces the metal oxides to the metallic beads.
Q. 22. What is fusion mixture ?
Ans. It is a mixture containing equal amount of Na,CO, and K,CO
0. 23. VWhen do we perform charcoal cavity cobalt nitrate test?
Ans. When the residue obtained in charcoal cavity test is white.
0. 24. VWhy do we use conc. HCI for preparing a paste of the mixture for flame
test ?
Ans. In order to convert the metal salts into their chlorides which are more volatile
as compared to the other salts of the metals.
 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
VIVA 33
Q. 25. Why is platinum wire preferred to other metal wires for performing
flame test ?

Ans. Because it is
not
attacked by chemicals and does not impart any colour to
the flame test.
Q. 26. Can we use a glass rod in place of platinum wire for performing flame
test ?

Ans. No. The glass contains sodium silicate as one of its

agolden yellow colour to the flame. Hence, itconstituents which imparts
will interfere with the
jdentification of basic radicals.
Q. 27. WWhat type of flame is used to perform the flame test ?
Ans. Non-luminous (oxidising).
Q. 28. What is the function of cobalt blue glass in the flame test ?
Ans. In some cases, blue glass can absorb a part or whole of the coloured
light.
Therefore, the colour of the flame, as viewed through blue glass, changes.
This helps to identify certain basic radicals.
0. 29. What is the chemistry of flame test ?
Ans. Certain metallic salts (especially chlorides) when heated strongly in an
oxidising flame get ionized. The electrons in the ions get excited to higher
orbits on gaining energy from the flame. When the electron drops back to
its original level, it gives out extra energy in the form of light radiations. In
case of metals such as Cu, Bat, Cat, the amount of energy is small and
the light radiations emitted fall in the visible region, i.e., in the form of
coloured flame.
0. 30. Why is borax bead test applied to coloured salts only ?
Ans. Because only coloured salts form coloured metaborates on heating with borax.
Q31. While performing borax bead test, why do we touch the bead only with a
crystal or two of the salt ?
Ans. If we use large quantity of the salt, a dark and an opaque bead will be
formed.
Q32. Name the radicals which are detected by dilute acid test.
Ans. Carbonate, sulphide, nitrite and sulphite.
Q 33. Name the radicals which are detected by conc. H,SO, test.
Ans. Chloride, bromide, iodide, nitrate, oxalate and acetate.
2 34. Why is dil. HCIl sometimes preferred to dil. H,SO, in preliminary tests ?
Ans. Itreacts faster. Moreover, H,SO, forms an insoluble sulphate layer if Pb, Sr
and Ca salts are present in the mixture.This insoluble sulphate layer prevents
further reaction.
35. While performing conc. H,SO, test, why should the reaction mixture not
be heated to boiling ?
Ans. On boiling, sulphuric acid itself may decompose to produce sulphur dioxide.
Q. 36. Which gas is evolved by the action of dilute acids on carbonates ?
Ans. Carbon dioxide.
 34
NODERIN'Sb. CHEMISTRY LAB MANUAL OKI)
Q. 37. What happens when CO, is passed through lime
water ?
Ans. Lime water turns milky due tothe formation of insoluble
CaCO,. However,
on passing excess of the gas, milkiness disappears due to the conversion of
insoluble calcium carbonate into soluble calcium bicarbonate, Ca(HCO),.
Q. 38. Why H,S turns lead acetate paper black?
Ans. It is due to the formation of PbS.
Q. 39. What is lime water ?
Ans. Asolution of Ca(OH), in water.
Q. 40. Why is lime water stored in stoppered
bottles ?
Ans. Because otherwise, atmospheric CO, reacts with lime water to
calcium carbonate. form insoluble
Q. 41. Which flame should be used for
performing charcoal cavity test ?
Ans. Reducing
Q. 42. Why should we avoid excess of cobalt
nitrate in cobalt nitrate test ?
Ans. Because excess of cobalt nitrate forms black cobalt
oxide in the
flame. This black colour masks the light colours due to the otheroxidising
salts.
Q. 43. Which flame should be used for
performing cobalt nitrate test ?
Ans. Oxidising.
Q. 44. VWhat is the function of sodium
carbonate in charcoal cavity test?
Ans. It converts metal salts into their respective
into metal oxides. carbonates which then decompose
Q. 45. Why do barium salts impart colour to flame
after heating for some time ?
Ans. Because barium chloride is less volatile.
Q. 46. Why the use of platinum wire should be avoided for
Ans. Because lead salts form a brittle alloy with testing lead salts ?
corroded.
platinumn and the wire gets
0. 47. What is the difference between a wet
test and a dry test ?
Ans. dry test is performed with a substance in the dry state,
A
solution. On the other hand, a wet test is performed withwithout making its
a solution of the
substance.
Q. 48. Why do we add copper chips or paper pellets, in
nitrates?
conc. H,SO, aid test for
Ans. Because Cu or carbon of paper readily reduces HNO, formed in the
mixture, to reddish brown N0, gas. reaction
Q. 49. Which other wire can be used in place of platinum wire
lame test?
while performing
Ans, Nichrome wire.
0. 50. What is the cause of formation of brown ring in the test for nitrates ?
Ans. The brown ring is due to the formation of a complex having the formula
FeSO,NO. (Niroso ferrous sulphate).
 AUESTIONSWITHANSWERS 35

of CO, ?
Instead of lime water, what we can use for the detection
51.
Q Mg(OH), solution.
Ans.
we use dil. HNO, in place of dil.
HCI or H,SO in dilute acid test ?
Can
Q52. No, because HNO3 will oxidise H,S to sulphur if S2- is present in the
Ans.
mixture.

53. Why Br, and l, are evolved instead of HBr and HI in conc.
HI
H,SO test ?
formed to Br,
Q. oxidises HBr or
Ans.Conc. H,SO4 being an oxidising agent chlorides, HCl produced is not
or I,. In case of conc. H,S04 test for
oxidised to Cl,.
What is a group reagent ?
Q.54. helpsin identifying a group of radicals.
Ans. It is a reagent which
chromyl chloride ?
0. 55. What is CrO,Cl,.
Ans. Red vapourshaving the formula the chromnyl chloride test ?
o56. Why do bromides and iodides not give
iodide are not stable.
Ans. Because chromyl bromide and chromyl
0. 57. Can we use Ba(NO),
instead of BaCl, in the detection of sulphate radical ?
with SO ions to form
Ans. Yes, since we need only Ba* ions to combine
BaSO4* coloured bottles ?
0. 58. Why is silver nitrate solution stored in
it into its oxide.
Ans. Silver nitrate solution is photosensitive. Sunlight decomposes analysis
solution for cation ?
Q. 59. Can we use H,sO, to prepare original present in the mixture,
Ans. No. This is because Pb+, Ba and Ca ions, if
form white precipitates with H,SO,.
why is it
Q.60. When original solution is prepared in HNO, or aquaoutregia,
the analysis ?
essential to remove HNO, completely before carrying
Ans. Otherwise HNO, oxidises H,S in group II producing colloidal sulphur
which interferes in analysis.
Q. 61. Ifa mixture dissolves in hot HCI and on cooling, a white ppt. is formed,
what is the reason for it ?
Ans. It is due to the presence of Pb ions. PbCL, is soluble in hot but separates out
on cooling.
Q62. What is the function of HCI in second group ?
Ans. This prevents the precipitation of IV group cations as their sulphides
alongwith IIgroup cations.
263. What is the function of conc. HNO, in third group
Ans. To oxidise ferrous iron into ferric iron.
264. What is the function of NH,CI in III group analysis ?
s, lt prevents the precipitation of cations of subsequent groups as their
hydroxides by suppressing the dissociation of NHOH by common ion
effect.
 MODERN'SIb CHEMISTRY LAB MANUAL OXI)
36
NH4OH in fourth group analysis ?
Q. 65. What is the function of
solution by increasing the degree or
Ans. It increases the S2- ion conc. in have hieh
dissociation of H,S. Consequently, IV group cations, which
precipitated.
solubility products of their sulphides, also get
in IIIgroup ?
Q. 66. Can NH,CI be replaced by any other ammonium salt
However
Ans. Yes, NH,NO, can be used because we need only NH, ions.
(NH),SO, cannot be used because it will precipitate group V cations as
their sulphates.
Q. 67. Can we add NH4OH in group III before adding NH,CI?
Ans. No, then purpose of adding NH,Cl will be forefeited and cations of IV, V
and VI groups will also get precipitated alongwith III group.
Q. 68. Can we use NaOH instead of NH,OH in group Il ?
Ans. No, NaOH being a strong base, its ionisation cannot be suppressed by
common ion effect, Moreover, it dissolves precipitates of Al(OH),.
Q. 69. Why is it essential to oxidise ferrous salts to ferric salt in group IIIanalysis ?
Ans. Because ferrous salts are not completely precipitated as Fe(OH), on adding
NH,OH in presence of NH,C.
Q. 70. Can we use Na,CO, as group reagent precipitate of (NH,CO, in group
V analysis ?
Ans. No, because being highly ionising, causes the precipitation of Mg* as
MgCO, by providing more of CO- ions.
Q. 71. What is the function of NH,OH in group V analysis ?
Ans. It converts the impurity of amm. bicarbonate present in
carbonate, into ammonium carbonate. In its absence, amm. bicarbonate
ammonium
will change cations of group V into their bicarbonates which are soluble.
Hence, these will not get precipitated.
Q. 72. What is the function of NH,CI in group V?
Ans. To prevent precipitation of Mg as MgCO, by suppressing the dissociation
of (NH),CO, by common ion effect.
Q. 73. Name a cation which is not obtained from a metal.
Ans. NH.
0. 74. What is the formula of chocolate brown
precipitate formed by copper ions
on adding potassium ferrocyanide solution ?
Ans. Cu,[Fe(CN).
Q. 75. What is Nessler's reagent ?
Ans. It is a solution of mercuric iodide in
potassium iodide (K,Hgl.
 VIVAQUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
0. 76. What is borax ? 37
Ans. Sodium pyroborate
Q 77. Sometimes (Na,B,O,.
a green 10H,0).
Ans. It is due tothe precipitate is obtained in group .
HNO, The green incomplete oxidation of ferrous ions into Why is it so ?
ppts. are of ferric ions by conc.
Q78. Sometimes yellow or white Fe(OH),.
the absence of group II ppt. is obtained in the second
Ans Certain oxidising cations. Explain. group even in
radicals such as nitrate, ferric etc.
(light yellow or white).
O79, Why is
oxidise H,S tosulphur
lead placed both in the first as well as
group ? in the second
Ans. This is due to the fact that lead is
not
PbCI,. Apart of it goes into the filtrate completely precipitated in
there as Pbs. meant for group II and is group I as
0. 80. Can conc. HCI be
precipitated
used as group
Ans. No, because PbCl, dissolves in reagent in place of dil. HCI for group I?
conc. HCI due to the formation of a
0. 81. Why only acetic acid is
used for dissolving group V complex.
Ans. Acetic acid does not
interfere precipitates ?
in group V analysis. If dil.
will precipitate Ba* and Sr as their H,SO, is used it
hand, if dil. HCl or HNO, is used for insoluble sulphates. On the other
this purpose, calcium will not be
precipitated on adding ammonium oxalate. This is because calcium
formed is soluble in both dil. HCl and HNO4. oxalate
Q. 82. What is the composition of the
bead test? transparent glassy bead obtained in borax
Ans. It consists of a mixture of sodium
metaborate and boricanhydride.
Q 83. Why is freshly prepared FeSO4 solution used for the ring
test for nitrates?
Ans. FeSO, solution on keeping is converted into feric sulphate
which is not
useful for the testing of nitrate by ring test.
Q.84. Why we use Na,CO, extract for confirmatory tests for acid
radicals ?
Ans. Certain basic radicals interfere with the confirmatory tests of certain acid
radicals. The interfering basic radicals are eliminated in the form of insoluble
carbonates by treatment with Na,CO,. These insoluble carbonates are
removed by filtration.
85. Why is a black coloured precipitate obtained in the group IV even when
Coz and N2 are absent ?
ns. Itis due to the incomplete removal of iron in the Ill group. The iron not
Precipitated in group IIIgets precipitated in the group IV forming black
PPt. of FeS.