Fundamenta] Concept. — Si Spe = Gnel is the function that. nepneserits ae variation of — any — Physical gpantiy any ___pangmedé-_ Werte Ana gd 2 leds Disenete ee H pie ee ee a ee a 40.57 a | { | aa t fot) ta fy ty 5 G al aa 493 2 61 t2 by ty Kpdal= (ula opel Ltt arty f ety ae Binany- System + oO, 4 ee Gi, tiv Sub System Sk => ciwiF [Number Sytem => defines bef of —veluet ated to Nepatsent qpantity 2 Deta) System =) 0 + 7 % noe SDecireal Syckm =) 0 + 4 Io no. Heda Syen p4oa, A E fag(1) Ob Dein) ty other no: systema > In this Converdiy! | i 1 Onveit the decimal division operation tt performed BUCO filly on the guahion. CD __ Other no aysten Yo decimal => for phiz Hype of. ee _ tonvertion ~~ ———multiplicahin: operation — penforrn « 9-1 Ot, > en Aye ot ote gv) pod a aaa aage eae cocoa Gea Stet TH 5 fee = aoa cet Gea — ee ee - Se 4 Bae O45 + 6X8 F1X8° = g.0 448s) gs (45 3B) 2 CMe et axe sx db + 15S + = = ear — a eee eee || ——G-4 | (135.23),, —a (2), . t 2 fiss] tn S aforfy fo —tivels - 2 {33 [1 | _ | eon II 2 [lb fo LES, _ 7 - B fo’ f 6.23. x2 ey fb wa 2 0: 0 : EB i glee = bBG =f - _ _ _ (Ieceo\n soo! )y _ —_ Q.5 (4372-1124) 9 (Dis - _ : 1 | | Se] lof us) | fos fi. / (4) ap tt fy l O34 x16 = LBIY =| OBI Xb Ht. 1+ SD : LT (YD) yg ~b { Et 4 Sol” Step-T__( E118) 2 Co Mile typ tf yg BE 7 : 7b 856 224 4 7 + Oph + 0-03 (931-08) 5,2:8 (87E),, =(2)s5 Sol” (B72) 7? Che : BXE* + 1X6 + AY Ie 7 OX256 + pat I = 2048 + IRE — (214 4)j9 — —_| fans, 3 (tenn) = (2a aT So) — Clete), —» (72),, ae xt Zoe aug 2°x1 + tea a 2 Bt +2 +) FOG + Has ah 5), (5), 2) 9 fe Yo isd Ty ef eats fay _ b-15X 4 = 5 LT £ote mI (1749-52)9 = (2), = (2g 2 OI, —)__{114:52),, = 0), —Cloteotiie), je i pe BD po es Spt ft les 4 SUNT ee eee | — —___ Sept ey eeAddition S* substraction —, ro Hiphreah'sn # a OO - a 7 S a ma me tt it = die i Ave} ae hc 7 — te ed See a ag = fh 8. lo jo aa a te ot & —leet _ - 8 }o lo . os - —olly in = xii! | a eDpio Lo} o 7 7 7 : oe 88 ox - lo | 0 XX 7 i 1 oe ) oy Xx 7 Jog Os Ona8us) 40 _Djwisiont— a Q tot) iisei (ie) L ste jo! xf = 7 = \o-% - { —eolol NE wes - lel / +60 Ese ! Pi libel, ajo? Ve 4 “eel foo 7 G e yi goe lov oe= Ye A@a=Ha+BR Basta 7 fe S84 0R ; RB LL - YeASt EA T ip ( op | ; = : |_2LA 8 “y= AOR : | 0. ° eo: Too] a : ifs ; tp} tf ee] -Baw Noy ice gf pe ag 6) GB) GO) Ble) Pee ee (a) Loney —=. Binary oy 4 Pf pe a4 — vis i —- ~BG) Bla) mT ro —— ei nemima tow +p m= (A) Bi cp) (3) —— B03) Gi) me) — Be) ® Bee) i) GO) —s Bte)® ger) vO tito) —y B0)®B elo) __ bss. B(3) —»5 G(s) Be) —, B86) 0 ot). | gt) — 9 BO) @ att) Blo) — >» gt) © Gb) Compliments > p's cempliaens =} 10 tata = 138 Binany Se pig compliments Pep oe H's Lo eee Ay - O 100 a= | =a +1 | olin! — 26) pf Jout PoE Denival__ 9s 4 li enents => nz nee sof dy # yo oP = glioy no # ac R=N-1> \p"-n-l | whe 9 NO 99-942 Jo re Cie o> = 84-1 = Jo asa : Tie ieica —— pp RENE nN Ps (p= wage etalhwy rE | , — i ene ah of 1 M95 api 0f 145 bea aag TT 3-148 -) Iipol ag ieee =25! a at LE a SS ee 5 eev—660 a te Ry 9 p——_ba Cite} eee : ; Te : | a (le)S-gy-p + Sees NB) r ; O-1 Sub from : ; Bl Pttact Clo to) UN Using : (7 - tit) =— 10 |! = a ol o |POPU g 2 Su bf = bt tor} h .| ¢ (ors), 4 Cut Using 24 ae sing. 28 Ly Isto Ae = jgle | aes : {43 1ve -cuny =e Co -ve — cay Aj= olay | ee! Ee Q.3 (pace — Cols), using aie 1 i. ahs eg Ay — lo lo ae vale &a 649 384 ping 3's ; aaas (81),, F t fo3- 3Q7—-]= 612 | —f 649 i] Gp. — + js 1261 { a sae add corny f 262 i | oes aa 0.1 Subtnget tee | act (elo), 4 t )— MA Subtieet Ge nds, oo) ue tiaBs ou) ws of Cio), & fe ae e Using a's 39-27 Q23)i6 po®- 23 -| = ESwer ralenury =~ 18 as onlin ot Gha),. | = fame Be - = wld vA shen __ 4) 13 ee fg eee HE o} CN104 ft +1 Jos Pf = 105 —ty)_Using 10! ments 2— ng Io's somplimenti = ______— (9) 786 ~427 Ins compliment ie faten 4y po3— 427 | oso — 4.27 = {5 #8 io then TBE 515 rsd - ye then lays 359 | [by 473-438 i t ‘ an herd a3 Cs hth 4 oS = 438 = [£6210 | thenON), Bam Civoo’, HHhe Ung De npg a“ Compliment: FT +4 E foe Ol aig compliment i aa Jno o ft Oo Xe! tooo} Sb ietiaiae) —— convert ine decinna) vio inky eae ta fast ey ee ee ee4 Looo ! BCD addi _ | # oll) ! (Lt) = Tnvahid pep | + O)\io _serto tol. \ 5 8. xg QO. n OOo; [oot 144d by wf ff 4+ O0l0 ODloo Bak oof! {ic!l ep, etal , + Rybt —paup ip ‘yvaid BCD 1 435 © tllo — inva le ‘ | elle = Add bit ag | _Olegor ot! de 499 3 Qa. lol lool =p [oro -~ [leo bole | es : - 00/64 | _@: Q35 => J006 poll blo) 2 “aus 14 + ee lootilo(oo Lele LoreLOO! — —Thvatid Lebsre tuo gspe et ed eyoe | lolo Jojo joo} ; j | tie iro Add 6 in bob Grup 009,000) 200 joo} | oenotitoloo ——~ BW), | = ov looiotoont —— (25"o jo goolcoleool | Z eee | Pi be teva) gfe), be ‘ | Oleloloe ollo -— Gas), 2 i at Ooo oPio joo| ——(Ar9)), 7 pg2o1eo0titor Poort Right fanoup invalid Bey 2 | a ~Subhact 6 ze ik esol Holl t 0 ® (ii), (62832), - (3257) ., | as Biel nolo ojo} coll opto = (52652) fsa asa —2 basi}, ene rar Loo ri Pre ALLS inal 1 Cae } oe ica “10190 OOOOH 040 oa, eae eens h SCL aoc a ee aaa| B3)n 4 Cig = WKH + BX" FE DA +5 un HX = CIB) \ax8 + gana = +818 130 = Qt-12 PR = : Cody. +t C15 )y = Cake oe abe ert roe + ver sya HPAL ANAS = 27 + zo 22-2 2 tJ2i (192 )¢ = (693), Wt Gx t3= 6%64+ 2484 Fy] yt ein = 384 ele V2 44x = doo = 0 a= -9t Jgisjoro 3 4+ Slept 1s aKa4 BK4F V+ UX 1g?implement of Bolen Spnession fro Loge git 7 Oot Ay- AB+ Be+aAn1, ABC @ Aleta) O Az Q.2 A @8CcO de) Q:5.Do OR, awh, NDOT, GOR, ExNOKcnoafe tke gale — = by _NAND. / gnd__NoR iets +f bey BC = 1 oe L Ct = AK 2 We =a coe . e Se t ear A® B(co0E) > pe IL One ae te _fy-O G) NAND to MOT Pe ee Wwla - ce NAND tn AMD — pt AB FE =AG ; ae) iene Teo 7 a=) YUE pte 4}OR (note > (0)EEE Hanes 2 [ne RE) ( p+ AEB HII i “phn een — = S | Exes 3 code => TH works 0 4 | EAU Code: &. Jo ty on Th + LO 8088 T code ; | He 4 a Wai Esse As a iy 2 \ YI0__*8 J aseg eove 200} | 0] | 900) S010 cetolooys fp eon 7 Bo oe ae Dloo feo Se ae Se peerSollee Boolean. Loge ————— Addrhiyn Mult re oO atta 4 ele o aha. An lees} | tore 1 bet} ttet 7 i wu Basic La of Boolean pn Alpebnas— Pro ug 7 ry ee ge iP eoRe vel Ae Bie a te PBs BAR (ii) Assouia tive pnp Attias [ati eat ABE eat ee Li) Distnibuhive ee oes i ae i i bv aaa —— a => ACItB) =A - a) teh aaa (A) (Rt) «a —_______ “(¥) Gnsensiis Law = : ADS ACHRC, = Ho wea) teed Cae fem| —_{vi) Boolean lente - yt) A+hsA sb) Adee g ; St id AtHel le) ppc pAb) vee = Bee ABSRC yRe= AByRCr ; Sl 8p. Ares pee) > ABL lee). of Bel ve) A ee - A. (acacia ES (e15}—CBte) ae tha) . (Arner Royo) A+ Baa ON) o [Reet etue ae Rag ta B ce B Fee CB . a CH+e), —{ te 7m Scar +88) (A4c) | (Asp) + Ale) ) LAH 7 | (ate) Cre) Crary: (ee) tate) _t Salt LHS st | thee) (At) (Btcann) 7 (og) (B4c) ( pectay Careag) Li ~ | C A+) (BtRec) t ay _[{ (ae) (ad) Hera) -c Jf xe) Cate) HGH: 5)| A+B) + (or At) eto -8 } rt oe ma pel {1e8))— } — (48) ta aie) fi} — (Arg) (Atc) oaee! “Oil Agence gen aaee 0% Det AR + AB 4g A+ ARAL AB : _ mt (Har) = (ask) (rtp) | be eet Ay-U_Ls ppt pe amc 2 | AB + CCRER ) PeeeEEEEEEEEE AB+C| a eee ABtC =RHS = M-2 gy BB+ apt BB Bt Ath) +RB : : Z Q.) + BH j= asi =1} _ G+AB oa (e+ A) (5+5 ) | = __B+B ty M3 A+AR+O8 et | p(1+B) +08 PmaaRaes FEW A-| +88 a BEE | A +R eee peed (KR+e) (CA+H) ee Bee = A+B Ay Sere daeelaldl jel ielediiainisialalal| | ae | t 8+ bana ) = (nas) crea) ——_} — “Ag+ OD. = fates) }- As: aay f hap t+ SSD = AB- cD ae i aime cers é = (H+2) Ct+5) ——_ = __(a+p)( C+) = gy ont ee gl Q AB 4 FE + age Capte) nail | = AR+ A4é 3 pRe ste | — ti AR+ RAT 4 age-AB+ ABCC site + (Tac) CZ4AR) |p 64 —_——_|. AG+ ABTS = + AB + BCAHI) ' fo Atle} pa AB +68 ; A ze wh BC AT) pe Bee ty pe ives ie My | 7 bya AB 4ABC ABC + ACB+ AB) AB. ABC + B+ Awp = (A +6) ( BAB +C) + AB +AB (AA+ AB+H-C + AG +0R +8C + ACBYB) Al §+7) +B( B+) + AB+A as aaa) 4c) + AaB E.G). (ay We + be) ( 05) a( aie + ec) (Ae) (AB + psc) AB = ARES + AA-BBC wi 0Unit -2 ME RE Bin of Te [isan tan l o—| 1—o PER ELS Peery —— the — above ports ond — Loy \ ——_aljebra_it \y ala thot fl coe 9uup hin gy 2 i One exprexgion “con be — oe 0 oe aPOPU ASAR4 ABCC es ee A+AR4 ALG wikia Egy AtR 4 RRO essere raen no Bac (eB) Ces ae) +. R+AE fast Che Olathe 2 = a e Reppae og At wy -1 AeA a AR( ce epsa e + fadpigir SG (cmos ge Ee AR4R+ ARC J Be “Aanen a tal ae rms CA. vao)« (M/E) cpa) Beaous, A+B) +84 Bt ata) (pC +O (Brae) cane; Cert) Cees) ( BRC) (Ate) CA +0. Ca(A+t)) — i Act Ag+ Be) CA i (AC 4584 Be) (ies Sn ACRE +ARDR +AR-RE 4 BOARTBCRE eee ec 4 D8 + ATR + AcR+ 0 | : AR + ATR+ ACBqa avis Wels 5 ee Dat ita: — Seca AB + TLA+E)_+-0 Berane ARs E (Ax5)4 AB + ob ABs Bee Ret MD+cy — fh + @AT+tbecyr i 84 Fempoes Da Ae a ee Bee Rise ia Ag+ Eps BD -ALD +O ae AR+ Qo) + BP+t DC Dt Agt Ch ay es HAT+R)D +AR i om Blt+A) +5 CeaY EDLACHR) : B+ Bh teh + Ard sen is Rasp ebb ath ARE p B4RD +ch +A7p | = Bop 4+¢3 4p | RDC + ATS Re D+ ASD B+ (Dap) aa | A + osiy LHSSRAS-Soe & POS. L Sumo paudyct ¥ rec dae — (i) emi — ‘The ei firetion 2 nefored to : product - In—Boslean algebra abe St pit 4 ey vt ) J) Som > An ad fonction ia nefemel to 4% a sum, g- A+B | Sim of | Product (Sop) PThe logical som of tue enmore ayia pact tom — lied _g sop. VA ABs BLLARCL. Becht ot operon fae |_| Paocluet of Som Cp0s)> pad Ye (A BO crtete) + Tt 1s basi tally ar OR openation of Arid openghonvanasles, CB procuct of sum _ pia aka japtal product. of | dyin 9 psboe tenm + 14 4 basleally on — apn pp vanisble_suh 442) Aa? = aa tt iva T T eae rYCo ot A B E Mintenwy ue < | 0 0 ABC mo] Ez | 16 ) ABC Lm] 3 & ° 140 A-B-0 Me] _ fo} ai | Ast toe | or ado bo + Ley Be My eae | tio for | wee [ms] 7 if tf tp gem G ARC | M: i=f pa gee [Me —=N ' + sf tL or} oO PR peB ee { Me} ag ——____ ee ee eee cree ae ; : Pedy fo | ee te fr ~ se | ele) ja LeehPe Me] = : | Canonical __SoP => i . ie Bina 12 Z(t msm, ) 2 nS Mo+ Ms + M¢— ee Jee Aes + hae —___CA,ao: “a ype the__canonical_Sop Baanin the given Aly + peep A + (B+ AB) Cost) = per apac = ABC + aet_+ ach + Ae tage on SARC 4 Ret abe nar a Age =—_Ijgt my + me + Mgt mg| CPos 3 Ce ee Q- Y= TL 0,.244) * =) ht : Ye Mo Mas Myo Ma i _ _Ye (aver(.tas orc) d Rretc)- ORE) a + C+ AC) Lp A RECERO) C¢ fa +BE +R Obtain _Cpos = o y> (AtE) CBte) (A+7) —_ ys (Rab to) (aseto) (att) ws C5] y Lif qah £OF a) ( A4T+ER _ Ye _(wepec) Catz 4c) Caecta) tarcrm) (nite) (AstAB) 42 (Wa Fat) (hapt0 (As Be) CAEBET) (A+B +0) me ed Mg + Mp: My» My .ttMp. - - Z ot Pye Tf oy ys 4) __t , Y (A,B, 0) =Toybtiit) _QI N= p+ Be | fay 4 CPOs (b) Sop : A) (sop = | | YA,g, C= All + Beli) = AlBsB) (e+e) + BCCAtA) (ABTAB) (CHE) + ABe H ABC ] nel ABC. ARC + pBl 4ABC +ARC tage NA ABC + ABC + ABC 4 ABC tage : Foy 4 ms + m4 +m Pi ragie - | “EO 58] oo j a) ne _ oe Oa eee aeeeaa = (nao) tare ayp lhe 988) (a5 4 ay — C48) CAL CB) (arpa), (n+B+t , Ob +840) (ANBEC) CAMTE ee — fae| POPU age No | eo | Be Maniablet— RA oe (it a gee ° ge 1 S| 07 aime i i gee: oan r AB ae f \ eo o1 te NF ost sof sale Bessel i ee ste ew)eanteue leafs [a] oe wba sf ay st AND ait pmave by k=Map- i" aa ue 2 i is cies jag fe fits te We [Tip iesDate. NOR gett prove by uti K-map 4 8 Y |b] one I a eee ote. 4 ° e | #4. ! etree et | ° oo Pe, i I Me RE: peo €x-0R 2 — — 45.) 4] 7-¥ te Le] o ° alo let \ sericabeseidaai \ ° ) Serer | eae ort Ye ea 2 voniable: — 7 ne ye Tia Co,1,2)4,5) sce a solve wing K- Aj-,_Y Mot m4 a4 mq + ms "0 Komap Neo =ge tb pe tA tA tak 7 S8CegP ib be | | | Lele wivOmit @QAse Q-age =e 7m 034,574 des) i far } | 7 ee ie rac D OAD » — | i el] Fat po 1 : p> 2)_ ee Ally: eae At “ Q.2 | ye ’ +02 ¢mgt —t= ml Bin iy 1b ys. Te _— by pg Oe oe © 30 ; 14 1S) Se | __ 4 fa x oe | hLmLuh CCL aft as + 7} Le __& 7| OEY Rey 0-® — aco __® 7 awe O-O Are — — O-> ap ®©-O 1 Age + © ~ apse @-—7 App ees Leet O.+ 0+@ ] Ye RODEABT + ABDEABC = IE Y= ACD ABE FACD+ ABS : © aA © EB AD 2 ABS —t Ped AD j= ADC B+) +A | y= AD+AL | Ye ACc+B) 5G Qo. Fl ape p) = Fn (0,213 5,7, 3,9, U1) By = : 3 72 - ; | AB\", co 1 , | oe | LL Se te O | YGF é nm 5 if i u Pt yA [ re i : ieteetel | oO ). fom oo = = O> _ ary r+ O-y Rp Oa @- 3d O- agerYe ® BB + AD + +BC+ Boe — es with — Don't _Conag e F= Tq C1/3,7, 15) ——— = OB ger core te Fa 3h Ab +a) t3PE : BC EB+D) BEN oop ses Bid) th Fee AB + A+ en 4@p sae = aa 92. a Me Zy 13,34, 5) 22 tea wit oo NF Seas po Ee i ee aees of pee eee ea suet J cil eaeeeee 8 melted See ec 10 pee eee ve cee anaes iBo MSEe eey2 tz Fiye-\anighle _k-Map t= Qe Ero C 3,6, 081105 1,14 ld 20, 2))24,25,21) 28) @ —> BEDE fe (BBE + Tee + ACT + ABCD + ARO +A BDE Ta — | 5- sanigble 7g-tnap wt Hy Don't co #5 ©. Y= Fn (5,7, 15, 1415) ps 5,2 u= er DE o eo} oll ole Lig i je} [eo ](Fab ulan method ) | Quine Me clasky 29 — i | Sep-£ A set of fa prine implicants of rhe fiche, must be pbiained oe ee Step-2 From the seb of a) the prime ienphcont i a set of 4 essentia] hnplicawt_ tnvurt ae L —deleaminedinaphied- by preparing a pales maa —__Chant. Step 3 3 | — ininterm which ane net caved. a Sea ey dE essential thnphiconte at fen a artemis suid 0p minima coven pF — binned _ from the eran} ae hy —paiene | 0 as, ck 84101, 1415) 2caeeee | (a) Binany | pepntsenietion of M Minin; — M i oe | > 4 8 ° 6 ) j 251) ® a - pl. aca See ees ike |r \ ee al Bed eon 1 1 B tC} 6] o ° 5 { 6 sy tay thy © \ o a | i | 0 | | ly ! aaa ° a 15 sama |_l) tog vof sli eit wt! 4 i each othe by only 1 vanighle can be chase 2 combined. to ot 2 cell sombination « (tou) ]ful ! a t 0 __| From the two a} neg p= [1 fs | 1 cna tne tn) fo ff a | tle i ~2n¢ dah F~ Ls) abe pet oo Icon be sentinel fe i call tomb (4) Fwt cell tembicatfory, 4 | bonbinetbn | A | RE il | sci Mees) eho fa] Sas ea 2 | wl lé = | - (23t, natbooad ot fe aati a (epeeeze) | fe pe 4 a (20o 5.08 | = st t|o |-|-I ae | —— Girt) | = t= td : Coat ss yo ee Paral i : — per [ f> Spt BC + AR 4 cp ac \._fhime Implitant Tele? = 7 7 : Thee —- = 7_* + — [Prime _luphemth halslule[s [Te q ely felialy fst 3.) IT |X| |x 3901) | babs] SEE (8,9) )0)f1) EEN LT =l Aly lal x pc Ik De Th [xt | (C10 ity, 15) ) aa 7. toe 2 1 1(b) Group of minksim Ayn diferent. np- of tk ise Voortables - No_of _4'¢ Minter A tg [cj p s Oo D D 2 2 i 4 ® © o} l fa *8 | o |o | 0 2, 2 rect |? lo Pe foi od 9 eee 3 1 o ital } z 1 i 1 | pie aut 1 4 i 15 1 eae } ) mM each other _b —only i int to 2 voniable»' con be chocen git 2 cell _tombingtion .L — RG ae. ie | FeLABe 4 Be D4 Arby A bb PA bot Add E | + BODY ABC Don't Comyn Tabulan rn ethoed | Fla Ky zd= (ne 4) + FAL s, 8) — (4) Binary pepacsenntation of — intome *—- eae £ | cp Nb of 1 | Mijn ale cid \ pod des ° 2 oly eee I [ . 2 [oO ey 2 ae. | 2 3 2 o fs] ip HoH i | 5 Pp [ist {oie er | i mt Lael i | : ca 1 o |e Jil « eee ae Teale ee ee ~ — —-+ ‘ 3 yi 10 rity |.(), Two combination}, i —{ tombinaton| A perce be r lu) _ | of of = 4 7 | — 6) —- | — tg | pe food ; sail iS) Se jaro ie ph s.ved' “tee, ——| (eis) L eae ce (Eee | ue (8, Jo) ! ay Oot | Bas (yapes P= ere LLL | ee (au) | © = Fi} td) foun cell combinetion: — a combinetion hee Tey Pe Py U AIL) ae o Sree | (814410, U) of eA] eo t-— re ani — : «Unit TIE ag Djptal_lyie gate _damelstic “_Chanschoistics of — djyitol Te > 4) fee The spe operat 4 “digital IC. = Should high » L418 specified art ae ee qtion. ae _Himt T+ aon ee ytirne_ _bw_to a a oa Reinet eon ae he dabei Le \ fa ihe eo fia: Tp? pwput wove 13 tp= Sour + Pou 7 tyro of Ev pote >The delay time _arv _measuned blw 50% of _voliggt level of —_i}p 8 op saver - Z he pnactinn ola plus iP & 4 be almes a Eveny elechonic crew) ih Powe dissipahion + : bay a ce te cca it__openetion-Whon a sig as 3 tue ame | SS pape a ane ery, , aa ie ik orto ACM the 1 EEE Component Rip ima power ie lew if phe aa of postr —_ig Jess. Hence, pouza — 03 minimum ang poasine eee oe itlsbiae _ tin in gE in — {tip —of —Menit:- Th dist aon, |e leita) he pat dit ral — ee sh tie le ne op erate "tapas Th tf seasinon 7 oe te oe Wty ae cots yl t—__| 4p pl o_ stele aS ; e Sie i nigh I level » lp vooge! 4. fo galainum ole vet ng accps OL 4 eee Se States Bea efaatlevel —2lpyolinge) > T+ fk arapinura_o]p 7 vot ore por. a to a os pea oo ek ait = Tay Cop eel ipp —guaent) Td wininwe lip. (innenT tore pe ceding% a +} Ay: Zp 2 olp | fie? Vey [ —voltape_leu \ Noy 0 = VEL Vee olp Vol tigeivel FIP Vel Fase evo }POPU Unwanted sj —lonnwn a3 poke» The nace ® nite) _ciewit 5 defined ag {he a2 dubia) _cneuit “to tolerate nolse__iyn > _A___ quantitative _roeagure noise jromunity ie known of poise — |___ynaleine_- ne SS oe hood ose and 0. stat he raglatee be a a —= Lowe 4 etait yoke IY 4= Vou —VecH—Hilin == Lope state —posbe—poatpin 0 = Meee = Vor gay) vii. Posien Supply —nepuisement > | ae wa Eveny electronic __ to The sequined Supply voltae 4 powsest by ib, I oboe be AY Jesg ag posible. ——_|_-4 | £ * Cia), } : Ltn inh Gon re functon paapeale atta bt BE ‘CThe. Tbh __fin oben of = 55 *6 in 4 PSC ia dammencial bn i- CB ’~”CN: =O F | 7 POPU Fn Resi Arann Lop) = oo Ss a, yim = Ra Ag Resitton transistor loyit OS Nok _gate >. — ae t = a a = 2 = \ Openation Of RTL NOR gates— — topic [pico | Gatogh obj [ics a LogieO | reel 4 Saduniache 4 z 2 ee oe Che caduriahion tape o + rosictin. The o/P_w Volga tae Re W = vrPOPU jl M2 020. So sihian and ov fir k - ——_suimani IW On _@) Sle __transiston E Topic it enl io Poa thing RC L andthe op ‘waliage Vy 2 Vee = SV i Ltt logic — 4 lew) “vol i Tian Wise he inl aaa Aeansiston tL oa Lei wi -— ve Cloplct) a Oily Ww a level the ane iy —_trmsist_ipo “in a satunahon iD the _0|p fe loge 0 liv) When a oe ijp ane at opie levef ——,_both___-Phe —_chransistnar_openadt in catungtion _& bulpyt ik Topic O- | [@)_Tounsiston nsichy Low's (TTL) D pascve pullup = t_patshue pulp ra tat ci) Te eel et SVae ] 7 : : e Transishn “Trtawsistort Logie ! — POPU |—__tcemsiton Te | Sane cent pans o 8 Teehirg, Tot: whic’ TARTey e A ae _}ogie ogc | FR | £Q _ bho, lige a | tgye’e | Rs | ne us —flesieD_| logit 4 | £8. | RB | Cutoff | to ‘eo 0 logit 4 | Lge t | ok | RB | Solunetin + Joye 0 (A) TTL Passive Poll ups —— E nis a Re iN SOR fcteat req Taft Land wep | iy Wye Miata, — = “peey - i" * 3 4 daa ft ae —~- 8 Si ee Ir (When bth the ip ana a Saturation, Vy) Est — ond the capac; —— of Joadad * Sagal al —Ui) When one $1 mone ¥ + cit known 45S TTL Yh an lp ang jes 0 o_o makig aside retin ot ee F gate_tt mulled — ty intl —Henee thie Passi ve pull’.— oT. with lem oe ce eee pole + ps qt T2415 Th He O1P ee exc Lai Eg jyicd Suef ex | ae lait logit} _R8. ope lout RQ | __Opotion — ‘i a Paro er ae oP c_0 AL 7 |r Forward bias +a loge. +b logs 0 —inpyt Ta in lh ia lagi aed ___she full tart ve age uilftos2_In Te ~ forming | then 14 —_in___ Satur ton __ieyo_2._ouprt iol) Joye t t is pt one T2213 in hfe 2 Te (salut ino ict ten Toudiat “in pe anf _ Satwrtin Hepion that Siuby 74 will wih & o}p logic 8°THIS IS RIGHT... kindly ignore cross mark Keone ~ | Trensitin 2 Ei Toansishn | Fransitton A Be aa we) Ts ———L eyco Pic opae) {Oetoff | Saturn log] ogi. | re] RB_| —\lopic 1 | doit} RB.ed ao | : POPY (i) Thishke TTL — Se a, —— hid ia! “erhigh _impadenee - — Tn Tt with tok pale oulput ts hg shen the ofp is Jou and Bian) whoo the pps" hvah : Te (6) Heh . Heise (4) Low U a ae a Z ae 4 al > Th. Hi} fait, both Tr2 ta jf totem: pole. ic ‘i ent ang tuned off and A) anon | on= for amplitying 7 Fe" —~{ bia ee aa) ~+— = | MOsFEL_ ane — venga — duet oa |_powlert eee high densify of _fabnicahin. | ie of _MasEeT_con—be — Htehieg re lke peel. clas a totp___ reo Corte gan tea + (i), NMos - : SL (ai); P Mos _ ii), Mos | % r “NMOS lee: Po we 13 slow as ca _ Hence, “it fs rot used neo desipn . (i NMos: = MASETS_ ana of lypet MosFET + | type oot. Tn : p-channe! A slhut | p=thanoe Zn-chnnel mos devirer arg TZei ; ae CDS inverter i : Op pes b aladrare RA loray) b. ‘ait t—29/p (1) tet | Wo peices, aa bs NMos_ — —srtos —faxalie| _] PM >» + —+ . ae | = ora i tuft bstosipmps ga) a j NMOL) 9 spiiog ) - t + a @ 210 ee ee rs| Openathion: — A : (i) Tf input A 28 ‘orp 0 then _Q, 2 9) will on __dur 4p ial _diffonorree _ “whonas 3 2 4 wil) —nFF Then fing) oufput wil} t - 12 oli) inpt_A2 & 94 will on “dua _to al_diffownce whore ae Oe P93 wil) OFF yr) outpih — wih dev | POPU iii) 4 | se input Pie 4 2 Biko then 2 de “of 2 O2243 wi'lloy | then = 1) a e aaa el ie WLR is Ltn 9,29 oe wil Me L932 26y will 2N then 5 pee ao O.. ses a Fs ee Ree = a ee Sopa I ep : as Loew as ; 3] oie ae a ral[| ite te el a. | a ofp. Js rows te on | oN |} oFF | oFF ! e Hf silt} on | oFF | ofF | on Q [eee bf A 7BRF | OM ofr ° : ! I crf OFF] EN | oN ° | cee gponahin 1s — 1) Gt) (iri) Civ) ‘ ae LEC! mitten (ha Coupled logic) i= i —— Hh A €xni'fen ae —— lagu Cece) ie Pater thon TTL fami pe nh transistor of en ECL meee +} Tt _pever_nsag— 20 on WR pate.i MR, The out. kept e) — cLifleronce atte fib se 4 chans isos gne____gannected — 4p | = i si ge So He erie nue Ano Used af > a cliff unce evoophifiey to Cohip He lewl + The. chau Ip —twt of ye hich mentary wy Leite oR ge east J —piwepord “tp Nog pvt Transistoy | 7 | input : Anansicdoys | OUtput | JU} | te} tT | te Ty wl ead 1 Active Active [io -[ FT)