THE POLYTECHNIC

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF CiVIL ENGINEERING

END OF YEAR EXAMINATIONS YEAR 1

(BCES1, BCET1& BCEW1)

CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

(CIV-CTE-121)

Time Allowed: 3 hours

December, 2018

Instructions
marks.
Each question contains 25
here are FOUR questions. Answer ALl. sheef.
3 each new question on a separafe
4Show your working clearly
T Msukwa (0888 871 508)
Examineer to do
until you are told
so
overleaf
Do not turn
 .

Question 11
n
a During a building projeci collaborative efforts of the members of thne
building team is essentiol. List and describe the duties of at least ten
members of a building team. (10 marks)
b Explain the difference between building regulations and construction
regulations. Proviode examples of each regulation. (5 marks)
c) EXplain how subsoil conditions and availability of services can affect
choice of site of a constructional projeci. (4 marks)
d Explain three methods of site investigations using geophysical
techniques. MGonehe (6 marks)
Question12 micCo Dechon roficchon)
slecfice Resashfort
a) emporary services and structures are provided at a construction site
for use by workers during construction. Give five examples of
Temporary services or strUctures and their significance use on a
construction site.
(6 marks)
b) Explain the three main types of exCavations. (3 marks)
c) Explain the three methods of dealing with ground water in excavation
and the factors which infiluence the choice of a particular method.
(8 marks)

d Explain situations where you can use the following construction plant
motor grader, backhoe loader, excovator, scraper, sheejpsioot roller
water bowser, asphalt paver and concrete mixer. (8 marks)

Question 3
a State and explain three methods of classifying walls and give examples.
(6 marks)

b List and explain six functional requirements of walls. (6 marks)

Walls can be constructed using the following walling units; burnt bricks.
c stabilised soil blocks and concrefe blocks. Explain the process involved
in manufacturing these waling units arnd iheir advantages and

disadvantages. (9 marks)

d With the aid sketches, explain the difference between English and
Flemish bond. (4 marks)
 126
Question 4
a With the aid of sketches, explain the following terms; fascio, eaves,

ridge, valley and cornice. (5 marks)

Explain the functions or application of the following parts of the tloor
b
hardcore, domp proof membrane and screed. (6 marks)

c) Descritbe four examples pf floor finishes. (4 marks)

S terre, Ambor S l R , i l e s , fuskol
Sate and describe four expmples of wall finishes. (4 marks)
rg dosh e t tas
e In water treatment, explain the following stages and what they fend to
To enio
6
achieve from
Suifro Atcr
Se+EODr dicectol
ScreeningfirStStep i
intpipo nolckrtofS
raw-water storage.
i) Coagulation
floc atc uaSettla
iv) Sedimentation
OPAr t n
mos

v filtration f c
doshog s{hgens, (6 marks)
vi) disinfection

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r ekihng a clorirtor
also Calles
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d
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END OF PAPER
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QUESTION 1
a) List and describe the duties of at least ten members of a building team. (10 marks)
b) Explain the signiticance of regulations and laws in line with building construction

projects. Ha, safeky (seuriy (7 marks)

c) List and explain eight factors which influence a choice of a site to be developed.

climale C, kloter tloh-(8 marks)

Avctlclolun of fesotrcos (ocol/
3
futurQ, conSid ochons rotm y tb
QUESTION2 tAcceS
cur localMetenals 8 Subsoil coNdiheo
a) Explain the three main types of excavations. (3 marks)
b) Explain the three basic methods of dealing with ground water in excavation and the
factors which influence the choice of a particular method. (6 marks)
c) With the aid of sketches explain how timbering can be used to support sides of an
excavation (5 marks)
d) Explain factors which can influence choice of a mechanical plant as opposed to
manual labour on a construction project. (6 marks)
e) Explain two advantages and three disadvantages of using a mechanical plant on a

construction project. (5 marks)

QUESTION 3
a) A foundation can either be a shallow or a deep foundation. State and explain at least
four factors which can influence an engineer to choose whether to use a shallow or a

deep foundation on a construction project. (4 markss)

b) Pile foundation is an example of a deep TOundation, explain, giving examples, the

methods of classitying or grouping piled foundations, include

three modes or

Sketches where necessary. (8 marks)

explain typical components together with their application af
C With the aid of sketches
a ground floor slab. (5 marks)
a) List and exolain six types of iloor Tinisnes and sltuations where they can be applied

ies Poc Rubbeç Terrst

Tombe PoCcyug
Cee
(6 marks)
(arpo4 CnCobe
functional requirements of a floor. (2 marks)
I s t and explain two

(oad boni
 12

QUESTION 4
a) Explain the three modes of classifying walls. Give examples. (6 marks)
to DricKwork, Bul
Dwitn tne aid of sketches explain the following terms with respect
(4 marks)
header, brick course, Flemish bond and English bond.
eaves, purin and
w I t n tne aid of sketches explain the following terms; fascia,
cornice. (4 marks)
d) With the aid of sketches explain three types of doors and three types of windows

EXplain where each type of doors and windows are most suitably applied.
(6 marks)
e) In water treatment, explain the following stages and what they tend to achieve

i) Screening
ii) Raw-water storage
ii) Coagulation and flocculation
iv) Filtration
e hs
v Disinfection
(5 marks)

Fxlend t n
uestion 1 member.
(10marKs
function of each
team and the
members of a building
escribe
set out in the
ensure
that the policies
instruments that seek to
statutory with
regulations are which deal
BUlding DiscusS regulations
are carried out.
relevantregistration

Fire safety
. Ventilation

ii. Hygiene
iv. Drainage and waste disposal (10marks)
.

V. Safety at working places

uestion 2
(4 marks)
of site investigations.
a) Explain the significance

choosing a site for construction.(4 marks)

be considered when
DExplain factors which need to

(4 marks)
c)Explain the significance.of subsoil investigations.dende o
associated with them.
d) Explain the two types oi excavations, where they are applied and problem
(4 marks)

e)Explairn four methods of controlling or abstracting water from excavations. (4.marks)E

Question 3

a) Explain the application and uses of the following construction plant.

Excavatoor

. Grader
ii. Compactor
iv. Scraper
N. Dozer
vi. Poker vibrator
vi. Concrete mixer
vii. Dumper
IX. Cranes
Chip spreader
(10marks)
b)i) Explain the functional requirements of a foundatian
(4 marks)
tl Explain the different types o1
foundations and their annli.
(6marks)
 Question 4

iExplain the functional requirements of a floor.

(3 marks
i) Explain four different types of fioor finishes.
(2 marks
b) With the aid of Sketches describe
the following term
) Bull header
i) English bond
ii) Flemish bond
iv Bull stretcher
v English garden wall bond (5 marks)
cExplain the tunctional requirements of doors and windows and the
their functionality different types depending dn
and mechanism. (5 marks)
d) i) Explain the functional requirements of a roof (3 marks

i) Define the following terms used in roof construction.

Fascia RdJe of otntC
Cornice ouerhanging Parl of é o
Eave Beam 2ads of he tod f
Valley Hup i t c r s (2marks)
Question 5
aHundreds of tons of domestic wastes are generated daiy by households contributing to the
enormous environmental problems the country is currently facing. Give an outiine of
characteristics of these domestic wastes and aided by clear diagrams how this domestic wastes
IS/can be treated at household level. (10 marks)
DISeases related to contamination of drinking water constitute a major burden on human

nealth. Interventions to improve the quality of drinking water provide Significant benefits to
nealth and watertreatment is one of such interventions. wnat are the characteristics of raw
water? Discuss elements of water treatment pro cesses and expiain the reticulation process of

this treated wate in an ordinary dwelling house.

(10marks)
 Q1
6 marks

a Describe pad, raft and pile foundations piies differ in supporting ioad?
friction
skin
do the operations of enci bearing and [4 marks]
(b).
How

with illustrations,
excavations. Explain
associated with
of the problems
(c) Ooding. Is one
in subsoil dewatering:
commonly employed
following techniques, which
are
the [2 marks]
i. Well-point system. 4 marks]
i1. Electro-osmosis [4 marks]
iii. Ground freezing
[2 marks]
iv. Grouting
excavation works
to carry out
(d). In whaf circumstances would you use plant (machinery)
[3 marks]
Dufa bi y -
lheimel Insofe.hon
rasisfeoco
02-do{hor hermel AppesaN CO
02 sro ngt
Consider any roof of a building. If it is to function properly, describe comprehensivelly,
(a
the engineering qualities that are required. iD marks]
(b). Using a well-sketched timber roof truss; what significant role do the following members
play:Purlins, Rafters, Struts, Ties and Wall plate? I9 marks]
Define, with sketches the following roof types: Gable roof, Hipped roof and Mansard
(c
roof? [6 marks]

Q3 Property of
(a) What are the functional requirements of Malzwi Polytechnic
1.
ii.
Floors
Walls
load Deoring
Library [4 marks]
[3 marks]
(b) Differentiate between the tollowing terms as Used in brickworki-
. Solid and cavity walls;
i. English bond and Flemish bond; 14 marks]
iti. Pointing and jointing; [3 marks]

() What materials are used as 12 marks]

DamP Proot
functional requirements? (mpPs MOcble Membrane (DPM) and what are their
olhone ments r o o nough to
in with the aid of remain andasM0srd [4 marks]
s t s (d). an
ilustrafion, the
composifion of a typical
ground floor slab.
[5 marks)
 g4
(34)
In anybuilding project, what
role do door
and window
explancation shold be
substantiated with two schedules play 1O0r
window), with all important details examples (one each for aoor dnd
included.
Describe the engineering ditterence [12 marks]
(b between external and internal doors.
Health and Satety of workers on mark>
construction sites are very critical and
aspects. Discuss this statement and validate it impond
with current trends. [10 marks]

In any project, the client is

responsible for each and every payment starting from projec
conceptualization fo
commissioning. If you consider any building project as a case study,
explain how this is possible. Back up your
explanation with a relevant organogram.
25 marks]

06
Discuss methods of subsoil investig ation [1 marks]
b). On any construction site (building or civil), what are temporary services? [4 marks]
Why do you think it is necessary to carry out a thorough and comprehensive

sub-soil before carrying out any construction? [i0 marks

investigation of the

durabiky
recluee a g 4 o n e o

cetal ufc or
h enhufcetew

Propety o .
Malew Faytennic

Singe laP hlino

R
aro laid o f overlapp
2Os oith a mnIMr
 Question 1 ond DUiang
roles
buildinG team
und their
a) AIan 8 members of the

project Cent
chi ect
Econo6t 3, ycmCr(
(12Marks) -snd
regulations
a s regards: fire
considlered in building (13 Marks)
(b) EXpldin factors which are
and site satety
Saiety, hygiene, waste disposal

Question 2
a sITe.
(10 Marks)
considered in choosing
(a Explain factors which are

a construfion project
Explain the significance of
subsoil investigation on (15 Marks
D
and the siages involved.

Question 3
wafer in
methods of confrolling
(a) Explainin detail the following
excavations.
Cofn bo
o3iCh
Steelsheetpiling o n c r ete
cllS
Struçtuc
pnragm walls Consra S0(teloO 1
(ii) Slurry trench
iv) Grouting
() Concrete tremie seals (15 Marks)
(bExplain factors which need to be considered when using construction
plant at a site. (10 Marks)

Question4

tal With aid of sketches difterentiate befween solid ground floors and
SUSpended floors
(6 Marks)

(hiExplain the differeni iype o iOor and wall

finishes, their applications.
advantages and disadvantages.
(8 Marks)
lll finrshos Pufin e

fen
o enhanCc fengti erty of
of achnlo
 137)
fhe functiondl reauirements of walls and fioors
(11 Marks)
c!Explain

vestions 5

talWith the aid of sketches explain the following terms:

() Gorder truss
) Jack truss
Ridge
(iv) Rafter
Gable
vi Fascia
vii) Wall plate
(8 Marks)
Viil Valley
differeni types of windows and doors
(b) With aid of sketches describe the
iogether with their applications.
(8 Marks)

c)Explain the stages involved in a treatment raw water for domestic use
from a river source.
(7 Marks)
 JESTION ONE
139
aWith the aid of the
wel labeled flow chart
team and their responsibilities.
state and describe members of building
(15marks).
h. Describe why preliminary site works are of fundamental importance prior to the
execution of the major works on site.
(10 marks)
UESTION Two

The figure is the

dewatering technique for the trench excavation
Original water level

trench

S
redr ainet

(a
Side view Sectional view

i Identify thetechnique and describe its basicprinciples. (8marks)

ii. Describe the significance of the form oftrench excavation in the figure above

(5marks)

i. With the aid of well labeled diagrams describe any other three dewatering
(12 marks)
.

techniques apart from the one in (i)

STION THREE
a. Describe the following: 83
eno
design Sush and
o ns (2marks)
i. Main objective of foundation 3sh

foundation design (4marks)

ii The procedures for
(4marks)
affect choice of foundation
ii. Two main factors that
marks)
describe five types of foundations (15
D. With aid of well labeled sketches
QUESTION FOUR
following
a Describe the significance of the

() Site hoardings
trench excavation
(11) Straight face (6 marks)
(1ii) Timbering/ olenk,ng slsoth
plant on site (12marks)
selection and use of mechanical
DDescribe tactors that affect
use and advantages.
plant below and explain their
C.Tdentify each of the
construction
(7marks)
p e t r o l or

dieselengine
rSprung sieel seat hand
Wheel to
Toll Control
bar

steel or
towing tyred whe els
bor

B
A

QUESTION FIVE

a. Compare and contrast;

1. Load bearing walls and non load bearing walls

ii. English bond and Flemish bond

111. Masonry partitions and stud partitions. (6marks)

b. Describe advantages of solid floor over suspended timber iloor. (6marks)

C. Describe three forms of floor finishes and roof coverings. (13 marks)
QUESTION SIX

a Describe any four types of floor finishes. (16 marks)

b. Discuss the following roof coverings and their laying principles;
) Double lap tiles

i) Single lap tiles

(iii) Slates double lappeel byce use Its

(9marks)
6nbriAs
P nhgs
pAchod END OF THE PAPER
 Q1
PIOject
startingE ITOn
and everf p2yment
responsible for each
PLOJECt,
The cient is as a
case stud), eDiain
building project
If v o u consider any
Lpuauzation
to comnissioning. [25 marks]
illustraion5
relevant
explanation with
'

howthis is possible. Back up your

Q2
both unirormiy
and B and
carries
supported at A
shows a beam, which is simply
g and bending
indicated. Draw the
Shear Force Diagram
istibuted loads and point loads as
benaing
What is the
maxinum

indicating peak values.

Voment Diagram for the beam, clearly 125 marks]
moment? Al distance measurements arein metres.

Q3

with excavations. Explain i t h illustrations,

a looding 15:one of the problems associated
the folloWing techiques, which are commonly employed in subsol dewatering

Well-point.system. [2 marks]
Electro-osImosis [4 marks]
111. Ground freezing 14 marks]
iv. Grouting 2 marks]
In what c1rcumstances would you use plant (mach1nery) to carry out excavation works?
(b)
[3 marks]
() Describe pad, ratt and pile toundations.
16 marks]
(d) How do the operations of end beaing and skin mction
ples differ in supporting load?
4 marks]

04

s (a) On any construcion site Duilang Or

CIvl), What are
temporary services?
TV/hT do you think it 1S
14 marks]
(b). necessay to
Cary out a
thorough and comprehensive
investigation of the sub-sOl Derore cariying out any construction:
Discuss methods of subsoil 1nvestigation [10 marks]
(C) [11 marks

raT Áirct semester exaI71zization