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CREATIVE WRITING
Quarter 1 – Module 2
ELEMENTS OF POETRY
English – Grade _
Quarter _ – Module _: _________
First Edition, 2020

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English
Quarter _ – _______:
Title
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
(This gives an instruction to the facilitator to orient the learners and support the
parents, elder sibling etc. of the learners on how to use the module. Furthermore,
this also instructs the facilitator to remind the learners to use separate sheets in
answering the pre-test, self-check exercises, and post-test.)

For the learner:

(This communicates directly to the learners and hence, must be interactive. This
contains instructions on how to use the module. The structure and the procedure
of working through the module are explained here. This also gives an overview of
the content of the module. If standard symbols are used to represent some parts
of the module such as the objectives, input, practice task and the like they are
defined and explained in this portion.)

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 Let Us Learn!

In this module, we will master the competency of using various elements,

techniques, and literary devices in specific forms of poetry especially in composing a
short poem. (HUMSS_CW/MP11/12cf-6, HUMSS_CW/MP11/12cf-10).

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Identify the various elements, techniques, and literary devices in specific forms
of poetry;
2. Write a short poem applying the various elements and literary devices exploring
innovative techniques.

Let Us Try!

Before we go to our journey in this module, let us assess ourselves first by

honestly answering the following below.

Directions: Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the
question. Write your answer before the number.

1. The voice the reader hears in his or her inner ear.

a. Voice b. Tone c. Mood d. Atmosphere

2. __________ is imaginative, or makes use of the strength of imagination.

a. Rhyme b. Poetry c. Atmosphere d. Rhyme Scheme

3. This eastern poetic form is composed of three unrhymed lines.

a. Haiku b. Ode c. Tanka d. Sonnet

4. It refers to the emotional and intellectual attitudes of the author towards his or her
subject matter in a given literary work.
a. Tone b. Mood c. Voice d. Atmosphere

5. How many lines are there in a Tanaga?

a. 2 b.4 c. 5 d. 6

6. What is the usual theme when we write a sonnet?

a. Death b. Family c. Love d. Hatred

7. These poems are generally brief in structure.

a. Narrative b. Narrative c. Lyric d. Free-verse

8. What do we call the type of rhyme that occurs in first syllable or the first few syllables
or several lines?
a. End Rhyme b. Internal Rhyme c. Eye Rhyme d. Beginning Rhyme

9. What is the eastern poetic form that follows the 5-7-5-7-7 format?
a. Tanka b. Renga c. Tanaka d. Haiku

10. The rhyme pattern of the rhyme scheme Monorhyme is _____________.

a. a-b-a-b b. a-a-b-b c. a-a-a-a d. a-b-b-a

11. A couplet is composed of how many lines?

a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 8

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12. It refers to the repetitive occurrence of identical or similar sounding words.
a. Rhyme b. Repetition c. Rhyme Scheme d. Poems

13. This rhyme scheme follows the a-b-a-b rhyme pattern.

a. Alternate b. Enclosed Rhyme c. Monorhyme d. Chain Rhyme

14. The usual theme of this eastern poetic form is wedding or courting.
a. Tanka b. Tanaga c. Diona d. Renga

15. Which of the following is the longest?

a. Sonnet b. Renga c. Villanelle d. Diona

Let Us Study

POETRY

Poetry is always characterized according to the following:

■ Poetry attempts to achieve beauty.
■ Poetry is imaginative, or makes use of the strength of imagination.
■ Poetry is musical, melodic, and rhythmical.
■ Poetry makes use of language that is metaphorical or symbolic, not direct.
■ Poetry is more concentrated than prose.
■ Poetry makes use of brevity and conciseness.

There are many kinds of poetry but generally, there are about three major categories
of poetry: narrative, lyric and dramatic.

NARRATIVE POEMS
■ tells stories
■ may be short and simple
■ others are long and complex
■ epics like Iliad
■ ballads like Lord Randall
■ prose poems like the metrical romance of King Arthur

DRAMATIC POEMS
■ employ dramatic form or elements of dramatic technique such as dialogue or
characters, instead of just a single speaker or persona
■ Eliot’s The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock

LYRIC POEMS
■ brief in structure
■ subjective in expressing the thoughts and emotions of the persona
■ originally written to be sung to the accompaniment of a lyre
■ the words in these poems could be lyrics which are strongly melodic
■ songs, sonnets, haikus, odes, elegies, pastoral poems

VOICE, TONE, MOOD, ATMOSPHERE

PERSONA: The Speaking Voice of the Poem

▪ an assumed speaker who is the source of the spoken words
▪ whose voice the reader hears in his or her inner ear

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 ▪ some personas are readily identifiable
▪ in others, the speaking voice can barely be determined
▪ A sensitive reader, however, can establish the relative age, racial background,
social class, sex and gender, educational attainment, and other relevant
information about the persona based on the details provided by the poet.
▪ originally refers to the mask worn by a Greek actor when he performs a role in a
classical tragedy or comedy
▪ the persona who speaks in the poem and the poet who wrote it are not necessarily
the same person, since a poet can choose to wear different masks to match each
and every occasion

TONE: The Attitude of the Poet Towards the Audience

▪ refers to the intellectual and emotional attitudes of the poet towards his or her
intended audience
▪ aside from the actual words a persona utters, whether in casual conversation or
while delivering a prepared speech, he or she partly conveys the message through
the tone of his or her voice
▪ there are many varieties of tone that an inspiring poet can assume
▪ he or she can be dead serious or humorous, formal or casual, intimate or distant,
solemn or flippant

Example #1
Father: “We are going on a vacation.”
Son: “That’s great!!!”
– The tone of son’s response is very cheerful.
Example #2
Father: “We can’t go on vacation this summer.”
Son: “Yeah, great! That’s what I expected.”
– The son’s tone is sarcastic.

MOOD: The Attitude of the Poet Towards the Subject Matter

▪ defined by some critics as a quality of literature that is synonymous with tone,
by others as synonymous with atmosphere, and by still others as synonymous
with both.
▪ refers to the emotional and intellectual attitudes of the author towards his or her
subject matter in a given literary work.
▪ If there is a distinction between mood and tone, it is a very slight one, between
mood as the attitude of the author towards his or her subject matter or theme,
and tone as the attitude of the author towards his or her audience or readers.

ATMOSPHERE: The Dominant Emotional Aura of the Poem

▪ denotes the dominant mood or emotional tone of a work, be it a painting, a play,
a ballet, a film, a novel or poem
▪ refers to the dominant emotional aura or general feeling created in the readers or
audience by a work at any given point.
▪ describes the overall feelings or emotions experience by readers or audience
▪ the main objective of poets in establishing atmosphere is to create certain
emotional effects and affects.
▪ directly appeals to the readers five senses by making descriptions more palpable
and implied ideas more accessible and easier to comprehend.

“The woman raised her hands and stared at them;

stared through them. Her voice was soft but tense.
‘Blood on his hands.’ Her own hands were clean and pale.”

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 When we read these lines, they immediately bring to our mind an emotional
response, and draw our attention. This is exactly what atmosphere does in a literary
work.

RHYMES

A rhyme refers to the repetitive occurrence of identical or similar sounding words

usually found at the end of lines in poems or songs.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF RHYME

End Rhyme
- occurs between words at the end of lines
- most common type of rhyme in classical and traditional poetry

Internal Rhyme
- occurs at some place after the beginning but before the end of each line, or within
a line between a middle word and its end word, or even between middle words in
different lines
- more common in modern and contemporary poetry

Leonine Rhyme
- a special kind of internal rhyming between the last stressed syllable before the
caesura and the last stressed syllable of the line
- allegedly named after Leoninus, the canon of St. Victor in Paris and a poet of the
Middle Ages who wrote elegiac poems containing lines with such internal rhymes

Beginning Rhyme
- occurs in the first syllable or the first few syllables or several lines
- extremely rare so that only a few examples are to be found in serious literature

Slant Rhyme
- also known as imperfect rhyme, near rhyme, oblique rhyme, off-rhyme, or
pararhyme
- occurs when assonance or consonance are deployed instead of true rhyme

Eye Rhyme
- also known as visual rhyme or printer’s rhyme
- occurs when words appear to rhyme on the printed page because of similarity of
their terminal letters but do not sound the same at all when read aloud.

ACTIVITY 1
Directions: Identify the type of rhyme used in the lines below.

1. “As yet the early-rising sun

Has not attained his noon.” ______________________

2. “I'd like to jump into the ocean.

But don't dump me in instead.” ______________________

3. “You were the one I wanted most to stay.

But time could not be kept at bay.
The more it goes, the more it’s gone, the more it takes away. __________________

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 RHYME SCHEMES

The term rhyme scheme refers to the way a poet deliberately arranges the
terminal words of syllable of certain stanzas or entire poem to form a set pattern.
Traditionally, a letter is assigned to lines whose terminal words rhyme; lines designated
with the same letter all rhyme with one another.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF RHYME SCHEMES

Alternate Rhyme
- also known as open rhyme or cross rhyming
- most common rhyme scheme in English poetry
- consists of repeated alternation of two different rhymes
- rhyme pattern: abab

Enclosed Rhyme
- also known as enclosing rhyme
- the first and fourth lines of the quatrain,
as well as the second and third lines rhyme
- rhyme pattern: abba

Chain Rhyme
- also known as interlocking rhyme or chain verse
- poet uses the last rhyme of the previous stanza and repeats it as the first rhyme
of the next stanza
- most apparent in the Spenserian sonnet
- rhyme pattern: abab, bcbc, cdcd, dede, ff

Monorhyme
- all lines of the poem have identical rhyme
- rhyme pattern: aaaa

Couplet
- refers to a couple of lines in poetry that usually rhyme and have the same meter
- rhyme pattern: aa

Triplet
- a tercet in which all three lines follow the same rhyme
- extremely rare
- rhyme pattern: aaa, bbb, ccc

ACTIVITY 2
Directions: Identify the rhyme scheme used in the poems below.

1. “Dawn turns to day,

as stars are dispersed;
wherever I lay,
I think of you first.”

Rhyme Scheme: ___________________

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 2. “Never ask of money spent,
Where the spender thinks it went.
Nobody was ever meant
To remember or invent
What he did to every cent.”

Rhyme Scheme: _________________

3. “When I, in love with Folly and with Pride,

Denounced my God and kin with words of fire,
Transformed my clean surroundings into mire,
Destroyed my idols, threw the Cross aside.”

Rhyme Scheme: ________________

WESTERN POETIC FORMS: SONNET, ODE, ELEGY, VILLANELLE

POEM # OF RHYME RHYME

FORM THEME
LINES SCHEME PATTERN
Sonnet

Italian or 14 Fixed Enclosed abbaabba Love

Petrarchan cdecde, or
cdcdcd, or
cdedce

abab cdcd Love

English or 14 Fixed Alternate efef gg
Shakespearean Couplet

Does not Does not

Person,
no fixed follow a follow a
Ode Unfixed object, or
number rhyme fixed rhyme
event
scheme pattern

Death of a
Does not Does not
loved one,
no fixed follow a follow a
Elegy Unfixed effects of
number rhyme fixed rhyme
tremendous
scheme pattern
loss

Does not
follow a aba aba Powerful
Villanelle 19 Fixed
rhyme aba aba emotion and
scheme aba abaa memory

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 EASTERN POETIC FORMS: HAIKU, TANKA, TANAGA, DIONA

JAPANESE

POEM # OF SYLLABLE
FORM RHYME THEME
LINES FORMAT

Haiku 3 Fixed Unrhymed 5-7-5 Nature

Personal
reflection on love
Tanka 5 Fixed Unrhymed 5-7-5-7-7 and other
powerful
emotions

Bittersweet
phenomenon of
12 love, evanescent
5-7-5-7-7
50 or transitory
Renga Fixed Unrhymed or
100 beauty of nature,
7-7-5-7-5
1000 startling insights
on the human
condition

TAGALOG

# OF RHYME RHYME SYLLABLE

POEM FORM RHYME THEME
LINES SCHEME PATTERN FORMAT

Folk
riddles,
proverbs,
Tanaga 4 Fixed Rhymed Couplet aabb 7-7-7-7 sayings,
moral
lessons

Courting,
Diona 3 Fixed Rhymed Monorhyme aaa 8-8-8 wedding,
marriage

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 Let Us Practice

Directions: Below are poems or excerpt of poems that follow different rhyming.
Identify the rhyme used for each poem by labeling them as: End Rhyme, Internal
Rhyme, Leonine Rhyme, Beginning Rhyme, Slant Rhyme or Eye Rhyme.

1. 2.
“Why should I have returned? “There’s a whisper down the field where
My knowledge should fit into theirs. the year has shot her yield.”
I found untouched the desert of the -from Rudyard Kipling’s “The Long Trail”
unknown…”
-from W.S. Merwin’s “Noah’s Raven” Rhyme: ______________________

Rhyme: ______________________

3. 4.
“Bid me to weep, and I will weep "The great man down, you mark his
While I have eyes to see favourite flies;
And having none, yet I will keep The poor advanced makes friends of
A heart to weep for thee” enemies."
-from Shakespeare’s “Hamlet”
-from Robert Herrick’s “To Anthea,
Who May Command Him Anything”
Rhyme: ______________________
Rhyme: ______________________

5. 6.
“In Burnham Park "If love is like a bridge
I walk Or maybe like a grudge,
with nobody to talk but myself. And time is like a river
Shadows That kills us with a shiver,
Of my own making stalk me in silence, Then what have all these mornings
repeating everything I do. meant
-from Ralph Semino Galan’s But aging into love?"
“Baguio, the Return” -from George Wolff’s “To My Wife”

Rhyme: ______________________ Rhyme: _____________________

Directions: Below are poems or excerpt of poems that follow different rhyming.
Identify the rhyme scheme used for each poem by labeling them as: Alternate Rhyme,
Enclosed Rhyme, Chain Rhyme, Monorhyme, Couplet, or Triplet.

1.
“One day I wrote her name upon the strand,
But came the waves and washed it away:
Again I wrote it with a second hand,
But came the tide, and made my pains his prey.
Vain man, said she, that doesn’t in vain assay
A mortal thing so to immortalize,
For I myself shall like to this decay,
And eke my name be wiped out likewise.
“Not so” (quoth I), “let baser things devise

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 To die in dust, but you shall live by fame:
My verse your virtues rare shall eternize,
And in the heavens write your glorious name.
My verse your virtues rare shall eternize,
And in the heavens write your glorious name.
Where whenas Death shall al the world subdue,
Our love shall luve, and later life renew.”
-from Edmund Spenser’s “Amoretti”

Rhyme Scheme: ______________________

2. 3.
“It came in a winter’s night, “Out of the night that covers me,
a fierce cold with quite a bite. Black as the pit from pole to pole,
Frosted wind with all its might I thank whatever gods may be
sent ice and snow an invite For my unconquerable soul.”
to layer earth in pure white -from William Ernest Henley’s “Invictus”
and glisten with morning light.”
-from Marie Summers’ “Night Storm” Rhyme Scheme: _________________

Rhyme Scheme: _________________

4. 5.
“So long as men can breathe or eyes can “When I consider how my light is spent
see, Ere half my days in this dark world and
So long lives this and this gives life to wide,
thee.” And that one talent which is death to
-from William Shakespeare’s “Sonnet 18” hide
Lodg'd with me useless, though my soul
Rhyme Scheme: _________________ more bent”
-from John Milton’s “When I Consider How
My Light is Spent”

Rhyme Scheme: ___________________

6.
“Wheneas in skills my Julia goes,
Then, then, methinks, how sweetly flows
That liquefaction of her clothes.

Next, when I cast mine eyes, and see

That brave vibration each

way free,
O how that glittering taketh me!

-from Robert Herrick’s “Upon Julia’s Clothes”

Rhyme Scheme: ______________________

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 Let Us Practice More

Directions: Read the poems properly and study how they are
written. Identify which specific Western or Eastern Poetic Form are
the examples below. Choose your answer from the box. If the
example is a Western Poetic Form, write the rhyme pattern (if
applicable) at the end of each line. If the example is an Eastern
Poetic Form, write the syllable format at the end of each line.

a. Italian Sonnet e. Villanelle i.Tanaga

b. English Sonnet f. Haiku j. Diona
c. Ode g. Tanka
d. Elegy h. Renga

________1.
My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still;
My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse nor will;
The ship is anchor'd safe and sound, its voyage closed and done;
From fearful trip, the victor ship, comes in with object won;
Exult, O shores, and ring, O bells!
But I, with mournful tread,
Walk the deck my Captain lies,
Fallen cold and dead.

________2.
An old silent pond
A frog jumps into the pond—
Splash! Silence again.

________3.
I find no peace, and all my war is done;
I fear and hope, I burn and freeze likewise;
I fly above the wind, yet cannot rise;
And nought I have, yet all the world I seize on;
That looseth, nor locketh, holdeth me in prison,
And holds me not, yet can I ’scape no wise;
Nor lets me live, nor die, at my devise,
And yet of death it giveth none occasion.
Without eyes I see, and without tongue I plain;
I wish to perish, yet I ask for health;
I love another, and yet I hate myself;
I feed in sorrow, and laugh in all my pain;
Lo, thus displeaseth me both death,
And my delight is causer of my grief.

________4. Katitibay ka Tulos

Sakaling datnang agos!
Ako’y mumunting lumot
sa iyo’y pupulupot.

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________6.
Do not go gentle into that good night,
Old age should burn and rave at close of day;
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.

Though wise men at their end know dark is right,

Because their words had forked no lightning they
Do not go gentle into that good night.

Good men, the last wave by, crying how bright

Their frail deeds might have danced in a green bay,
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.

Wild men who caught and sang the sun in flight,

And learn, too late, they grieved it on its way,
Do not go gentle into that good night.

Grave men, near death, who see with blinding sight

Blind eyes could blaze like meteors and be gay,
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.

And you, my father, there on the sad height,

Curse, bless, me now with your fierce tears, I pray.
Do not go gentle into that good night.
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.

________5. Snow yet remaining

The mountain slopes are misty -
An evening in spring.
Far away the water flows
Past the plum-scented village.

________7.
O wild West Wind, thou breath of Autumn's being,
Thou, from whose unseen presence the leaves dead
Are driven, like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing,

Yellow, and black, and pale, and hectic red,

Pestilence-stricken multitudes: O thou,
Who chariotest to their dark wintry bed

The winged seeds, where they lie cold and low,

Each like a corpse within its grave, until
Thine azure sister of the Spring shall blow

Her clarion o'er the dreaming earth, and fill

(Driving sweet buds like flocks to feed in air)
With living hues and odours plain and hill:

Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere;

Destroyer and preserver; hear, oh hear!

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________8.
Let me not to the marriage of true minds
Admit impediments. Love is not love
Which alters when it alteration finds,
Or bends with the remover to remove.
O no! it is an ever-fixed mark
That looks on tempests and is never shaken;
It is the star to every wandering bark,
Whose worth's unknown, although his height be taken.
Love's not Time's fool, though rosy lips and cheeks
Within his bending sickle's compass come;
Love alters not with his brief hours and weeks,
But bears it out even to the edge of doom.
If this be error and upon me proved,
I never writ, nor no man ever loved.

Let Us Remember

Directions: In 5 sentences, share how knowing all those things about

poetry can help someone become a better writer.

________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________.

Let Us Assess

Directions: Write your answer on the space provided before the number.

___________1. The rhyme pattern of the alternate rhyme is ____________.

___________2. How many lines does a sonnet have?
___________3-5. What are the three major categories of poetry?
___________6. It is an assumed speaker who is the source of the spoken words.
___________7. It is a special kind of internal rhyming between the last stressed
syllable before the caesura and the last stressed syllable of the line.
___________8. Bittersweet phenomenon of love is one of the themes of what
eastern poetic form?
___________9. It is also known as chain verse or interlocking rhyme.
___________10. Blood-Mood is an example of what type of rhyme?
___________11. It is the most common type of rhyme.
___________12. What is the best western poetic poem one should write if he/she
wants to give credits to his/her teachers?
___________13. What is the syllable format of a Haiku?
___________14. What is the theme of an elegy?
___________15. It is also called as off-rhyme or pararhyme.

For items 16-20, write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if not.
___________16. The poet should necessarily be the persona of his/her poem.
___________17. A villanelle follows the alternate rhyme scheme.

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___________18. Tanaga is composed of 4 unfixed lines.
___________19. The main objective of poets in establishing atmosphere is to
create certain emotional effects and affects.
___________20. The differences of Petrarchan and Shakespearean Sonnets are
their rhyme scheme and rhyme pattern.

Let Us Enhance

Directions: By following their structure, compose your own Haiku

and Diona.

Let Us Reflect

Directions: Write a reflective learning about what you have learned

about the elements of poetry by providing one for each of the column
below.

What I like most What I need to What I want to

about the lesson improve in learn more about
understanding the the lesson
lesson
• • •

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 140
Let Us Remember! Let Us Enhance! Let Us Reflect!
Answers may vary. Answers may vary. Answers may vary.
Let us Assess
9. a-b-a-b 11. End Rhyme
10.14 12. Ode
11.Narrative, Dramatic, Lyric 13. 5-7-5
12.Narrative, Dramatic, Lyric 14. Death or Loss
13.Narrative, Dramatic, Lyric 15. Slant Rhyme
14.Persona 16. FALSE
15.Leonine Rhyme 17. FALSE
16.Renga 18. FALSE
17.Chain Rhyme 19. TRUE
18. Eye Rhyme 20. TRUE
Let us Practice More
1. d. Elegy – Does not follow a fixed rhyme pattern
2. f. Haiku – 5-7-5
3. a. Italian Sonnet – abbaabba cdecde
4. i. Tanaga – 7-7-7-7
5. e. Villanelle – aba aba aba aba aba abaa
6. h. Renga – 5-7-5-7-7
7. c. Ode - Does not follow a fixed rhyme pattern
8. b. English Sonnet - abab cdcd efef gg
Let Us Practice Activity 1 Let Us Try
I. 1. Beginning Rhyme 1. a
1. Beginning Rhyme 2. Internal Rhyme 2. b
2. Leonine Rhyme 3. End Rhyme 3. a
3. End Rhyme 4. a
4. Eye Rhyme 5. b
5. Internal Rhyme Activity 2 6. c
6. Slant Rhyme 7. c
1. Alternate Rhyme 8. d
II. 2. Monorhyme 9. a
1. Chain Rhyme 3. Enclosed Rhyme 10. c
2. Monorhyme 11. a
3. Alternate Rhyme 12. a
4. Couplet 13. a
5. Enclosed Rhyme 14. c
6. Triplet 15. b
Answer key to Activities