Bangalore University

University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering

K R Circle , Bangalore -560001

Department of Mechanical
Engineering
Submitted By
A Abhishek 20GAMEC001
Nayan R 20GAMEC047
Santhosh Kumar K S 20GAMEC066
Sathisha S 20GAMEC068

Under the guidance

Of

Dr. H.C.Chittappa
Prof., Dept of Mech

UVCE
Department of Mechanical Engineering
2023-2024
 DUAL AXIS
STEERING MECHANISM

CONTENT
I. INTRODUCTION
II. LITERATURE SURVEY
III. CONCLUSION
IV. REFERENCES
 ABSTRACT
Whether a car has front-wheel drive, rear-wheel drive, or all-wheel drive, the majority of
current models use a two-wheel steering system to control their movement. However, four wheel
steering vehicles are being employed more frequently as a result of increased safety awareness
because they are also renowned for their outstanding performance and stability. They are wheels of
conventional two-wheel steering vehicles do not assist with steering and simply follow the front
wheels’ route. In four-wheel steering, the wheels can be turned left or right depending on the
situation. The direction of rotation for the rear wheels might be either parallel to the front or
opposite. The four-wheel system is made to operate in three different ways. Specifically, rotations
that are in-phase, out-of-phase, and zero.

Keywords: Design, Fabrication, Dual Axis Steering Mechanism.

I. INTRODUCTION
The front wheels of the vehicles receive steering control, though in some situations the rear
wheels also receive steering control. The twin axle steering system demonstrates how various wheel
motions in relation to various turning arrangements operate. The machine has three alternative
steering configurations: neutral, adverse, and favorable. Only the front wheels run in the right or left
direction during the neutral phase, with the rear wheels acting as the front wheels’ followers. The
front and rear axles move in opposition to one another during the negative phase. The front and rear
axles are both in the positive phase relative to one other, they travel in the same direction. Here, we
must lift the shifter and insert it into the appropriate slot to perform the necessary motion.

II. LITERATURE SURVEY

[1] Prof. S. D. Bhaisare et al., One of the most crucial sectors for the development of a nation is
the automobile industry. India’s vast and diverse transportation sector presents its own set of issues.
By combining energy efficient technological improvements with a customer-focused strategy, these
difficulties might be overcome. The driver should constantly feel very comfortable when operating the
car's cutting-edge features. The main factor in an automobile travelling faster than its cruising speed
is steadiness. When a vehicle is moving at a high speed with a four-wheel navigation system, the
likelihood of instability is increased by the tail wheels rotating anticlockwise to the forward-facing
wheels. While fine-tuning the all-wheel steering system, rear wheels follow the same path as the
forward-facing wheels to prevent this instability. This essay sheds some light on the challenge that
everyone wheel steering system turning in a relatively small area. The driver can make bends with a
tiny turning radius by switching from two-wheel to four-wheel steering.
It is also relaxed enough to allow for easy moving in parallel parking and on motorways. In order to
accomplish this, a mechanism was created with two bevel gears, an intermediary shaft, and tail
wheels that are turned in and out of alignment. After upgrading to a four-wheel steering system, the
vehicle's spiraling radius is just 2596 mm, compared to the two steering wheel vehicle's 4400 mm
spiraling radius. So, the radius was decreased to 1804 mm.

[2] Subramaniyam Vasamsetti et al., In order to solve the parking and traffic issues that plague
urban mobility, an effort was made to suggest a suitable compact automobile model in this project
work. In this project, the chassis of an existing hatchback car is changed appropriately. Two seats with
two doors, a luggage boot, and trimmed corners make up the single box section. Weight loss saved
production costs and increased mileage.
Each wheel has a coupling that allowed it to steer around a single instantaneous centre. With a
turning radius of about 2.9 meters, this design made the vehicle easy to control and very agile. This
system prolongs the life of the wheel bearings and tyre.

Figure 1: Two wheel steering

[3] Pushkin Gautam et al., A relatively new technology that enhances maneuverability in cars,
trucks, and trailers is selectable all wheel steering. Although this sort of steering system allows for
steering on both two wheels and four wheels, all wheel steering is often employed for parking and
low-speed manoeuvres.
The improved version of aws is called “selectable all wheel steering” (all wheel steering). According
to the needs of the driver, the four wheels can be engaged and disengaged like this. This offers both
two wheel and four wheel steer advantages. As a result, it can be used as front wheel steer in long
straightaways and as all wheel steer in tight curves. The mechanically operated saws configuration is
one of several without requiring major adjustments to the four wheel steering system, one of the
most cost-efficient and portable systems that can be fitted in an atv.

[4] K. Vinoth Kumar et al., Our project’s goal is to develop a multimode steering system to
decrease the overturning radius of cars while they are being steered (4ws). In a typical steering setup,
a hand operated steering wheel that is placed in front of the driver is used to turn the front wheels.
The collapsible steering column, which has a universal joint, is a component that enables it to deviate
from a straight path in accordance with the road. With the multimode steering system, two steering
modes may be switched as needed, making it easier to park in busy areas and while having a small
turning radius both on and off the road.
 Figure 2: Crab steering
[5] Bhavesh K.Gohil et al., Currently, we employ a two-wheel steering system for cars, and in a
two-wheel steering system, the back wheels are idle and serve no steering purpose. The front and rear
wheels in a fourwheel steering system are both active and can steer. Here, the maruti-800 automobile
is used as a model. In order to improve the maneuverability of a sedan in relation to its speed, we have
developed an optimized 4 wheel steering system for implementation of a mechanism that can give the
work in changing the in-phase and counter-phase steering of rear wheels depending upon the
condition of turning and lane changing with respect to front wheels.
[6] Er. Amitesh Kumar et al., Ackerman or davis steering systems are used in conventional steering
mechanisms. The smallest turning radius that can be achieved by the steering action with these
systems is a drawback. Using a four wheel steering system eliminates the complexity associated with
traditional steering techniques. In this method, the wheels attached to the front axles and the rear
axle are rotated in opposition to one another. The wheels on the vehicle’s left half turn in one direction,
while the wheels on its right half turn in the opposite direction. With this wheel configuration, the
vehicle can turn 360 degrees without veering from its current position. There is no turning radius for
the vehicle. This makes it easier to handle the car in confined areas like parking lots and small
communities.

Figure 3: Four wheel steering

[7] Aayush Soni et al., Currently, regardless of whether a car is front-wheel, rear-wheel, or all-
wheel powered, it all has a two-wheel steering system. A four-wheel steering system known as “quadra
steering” steers both the front and rear wheels in accordance with the vehicle’s speed and the
available turning space. This system improves the vehicle’s performance and stability. In this report,
the quadra steering system’s performance at low, medium, and high speeds has been taken into
account.
Rear wheels are turned in the opposite directions for parking and low speed situations, while front
and rear wheels are spun in the same direction for medium and high speed situations. The result is
that the car is steadier, and its turning radius is significantly reduced.

[8] Vishnu Murali et al., The majority of cars use a two-wheel steering mechanism as their primary
handling system, which is both obvious and true. However, research shows that two-wheel steering
cars are less efficient than four-wheel steering vehicles. A four-wheel steering system can be installed
in automobiles to efficiently reduce the turning radius at low speeds while also improving the steering
response and stability of the vehicle while travelling at a particular speed. All-terrain vehicles are those
who believe that off-roading offers a larger and more promising platform. It follows that adding a four-
wheel steering system to an atv would improve the vehicle’s agility in difficult terrain.
III. CONCLUSION
In the sphere of the automotive industries, the job we completed was impressive. It is really helpful
for the driver while operating the car. The project has also decreased the expense associated with
the issue. The whole need task, which has also been provided, has been performed by the project.

IV. REFERENCES
[1] Prof. S. D. Bhaisare, Sahil S. Nadaf, Akash A. Khavare, Adesh C. Malunjkar, Vijay T. Hingale -
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology
(Ijarsct) - Design and Fabrication of Four-Wheel Steering System, 2, 2022.
[2] Subrahmanyam Vasamsetti, Rajasekhar Sandhi And Raja Sekher Jagathani - International
Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (Ijmet) - Modeling, Fabrication and Anaysis
of Four Wheel Steering System to Quadricycle Named Spinner, 9, 2018.
[3] Pushkin Gautam, Vipul Vibhanshu - International Journal of Engineering Research &
Technology (Ijert) - Selectable All Wheel Steering For An Atv, 4, 2015.
[4] K. Vinoth Kumar, Kaza Sri Sai Sravan, Kari Naga Nikhil, K. Subha Theja - International Journal
for Scientific Research & Development - Design and Fabrication of Multi-Mode Steering System
for 4 Wheelers, 4, 2016.
[5] Bhavesh K.Gohil, Nilesh G. Joshi, Hardik B. Parmar, Pritesh B. Kevadiya - International Journal
of Mechanical and Production Engineering - Optimization of Steering System for Four Wheel
Vehicle, 6 , 2018.
[6] Er. Amitesh Kumar, Dr. Dinesh, N. Kamble - International Journal of Scientific & Engineering
Research - Zero Turn Four Wheel Steering System, 5, 2014.
[7] Aayush Soni, Adarsh Sahu, Prakhar Shrivastava, Dr. (Mrs.) Shubhrata Nagpal - International
Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology - Study of Four-Wheel Steering
Systems’ Viability in Future Automobiles, 6, 2021.
[8] Vishnu Murali, Akash Mangaluru Ramananda, Nitin H, Suparshwa Pandit - International
Research Journal of Engineering and Technology - Design and Development of Four-Wheel
Steering for All Terrain Vehicle (A.T.V), 7, 2020.