ANSWER SCHEME SET 2

OBJECTIVE QUESTION
SECTION A

NO. ANSWER EXPLAINATION

1 B No. of neutron = Nucleon number – proton number
= 33-16
= 17
Number of electrons = 17, and number of protons =16
∴ the charge on ion Y = number of protons – number of electrons
=16-17
=- 1

2 C The different between the two masses is 19. They cannot be isotopes.
The difference in mass between isotopes is usually a few mass units
only.
If peak X is due to a dispositive ion, then its intensity should be very
low. This is because it is more difficult to produce a dispositive ion as
more energy is needed.
The peak at m/e = 19 is caused by 19M2+.
3 A Electronic configuration of copper : [Ar] 3d10 4s1
Electronic configuration of Cu+: [Ar]3d9
[NOTE: The electrons in the 4s orbital are removed first followed by
the electrons in the 3d sub-shell]
4 B A ionic B covalent C ionic D ionic

5 A All diatomic and triatomic molecules are planar. All the atoms lie in the
same plane. When ammonia dissolves in water, the following takes
place:
NH3 + H2O ↔ NH4+ + OH-
Ammonia donates its lone-pair electrons to form a dative bond with H +
(from H2O). Thus, NH3 is a sronger lone-pair donor than H2O. This
shows that NH3 is a stronger base than H2O and not the other way
round.

The boiling point increases in the order of NH3<HF<H2O.

H2O can form more extensive hydrogen bonds than NH 3 and HF.

Due to the higher electronegativity of fluorine, the hydrogen bonds in

HF is stronger than that in NH3. The strength of the hydrogen bonds
formed by the molecules decrease in the order: H 2O>HF>NH3.

6 A Options C and D can form strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds. A

and B are isoelectronic.
Molecule B is polar, but molecule A is not. Hence, the Van der Waals
forces in A is the weakest.

7 C Using the ideal gas equation: pV = nRT

d=PMr
RT
=(73.5 x103 x 16.0)
8.31 x 298
=474.8 g/m3

1
8 B Fullerene, C60, is made up of 20 hexagons (with bond angles 120˚) and
12 pentagons (with angle of 108˚). Each carbon atom is bonded to three
adjacent carbon atoms via sp2 hybridisation and three is one ‘free’
electron per atom available (contributing to the delocalized electrons).
Due to the more open structure of fullerene (it resembles a hollow
sphere), its density (1.72 g cm-3)
9 B The rate equation of a multistep reaction contains species that are only
in the rate determining step only.
The rate equation is : rate = k[H2O2][I-]
∴ 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑘 = 𝑑𝑚3 mol-1s-1

10 D In the collision theory, nothing is mentioned about a catalyst although a

catalyst does lower the activation energy of a reaction.
An activated complex is formed only when the colliding molecules
have enough energy to overcome the activation energy. The frequency
of collision is proportional to only the concentration of the reactants.

11 D From the phase diagram, X is gas at s.t.p..

X will sublime if the external pressure is less than the triple point
pressure.
The solid/ liquid line has a positive slope. The freezing (melting) point
of X increases with increasing pressure.
At a temperature above 31.1˚C, the kinetic energy of the molecules is
high. No matter how close the particles are pushed towards one another,
they will not ‘stick’ to one another to form a liquid.

12 B Low pressure would shift the equilibrium to the left to increase the
number of mole of gaseous particles. The forward reaction is
exothermic. Lowering temperature would shift the equilibrium to the
right. [ Note : All the three processes, Haber process, Contact process
and Ostwald process are exothermic reactions].
Addition of catalyst does not affect the yield of the reaction. It only
shortens the time taken to reach equilibrium. Addition of N 2 gas at
constant volume will not affect the partial pressure of NO, O 2 and NO2.
Thus, it does not affect the position of equilibrium.

13 D H2O ↔ H+ + OH-
Dissociation of H2O is an endothermic process. At a higher
temperature, more H2O molecules dissociate and more H+ (as well as
OH-) ions are produced. Since pH= -log [H+], a higher concentration of
H+ will produce a slightly lower pH (<7).

14 D A buffer solution will contain a mixture of a weak acid and its

conjugate base, or a weak base and its conjugate acid, and the acid and
the base components must not react with one another.

15 A The mixture exhibits positive deviation from Raoult’s law (the boiling
point/ composition curve shows a minimum). In fractional distillation
of a mixture (of any propotion) that shows positive deviation, the
azeotrope would distil over first because it has the lowest boiling point.

2
 ANSWER SCHEME SET 2
16. (a)

Molecules Electronic Structure Shape

CH4 Tetrahedral

[1] [1]

PCl3 P
Trigonal pyramidal
Cl Cl
Cl
[1]

[1]

SCl2 S
Bent / V-shaped
Cl Cl
[1]

[1]

(b)

The number of lone pair electrons around central atom influence the shape and bond angle of
the molecules. [1]

The repulsion between electrons decrease in the order of :

Lone pair- lone pair electrons > lone pair-bond pair electrons > bond pair –bond pair
electrons
[1]

TOTAL : 8M

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NO ANSWER SCHEME MARK

17 a i) Triple point – The temperature and pressure where solid , liquid and gas 1
exist in equilibrium

b) A – solid 1
C – gas 1

c)

1
supercritical fluid region
-----------------------
pressure
B
A

temperature

d) i) The solid- liquid line has a positive slope/gradient 1

ii) The triple point pressure is higher than 1 atm 1

e) Uses of dry ice : Refrigerant for food stuff// special effect of white fog in
entertainment industry // used as fire extinguisher to put off fire //cloud 1
seeding to induce rainfall ( any one )

7M
TOTAL

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NO ANSWER SCHEME MARK

18 (i) Mass of chlorine = 35.5 x 4. 302

(a) 143.5

= 1.064 g 1

(ii) Mass of titanium in the titanium chloride = 1.554 – 1.064

= 0.49 g 1

No. of moles of titanium = 0.49

47.9
= 0.01 mol 1

Mass of chlorine in the titanium chloride = 1.064 g

No. of moles of chlorine = 1.064

35.5
= 0.03 mol

Ratio of mole of titanium : mole of chlorine

0.01 : 0.03
1 : 3
Formula of the titanium chloride is TiCl3 1

(iii) TiCl3 + 3 AgNO3 → 3 AgCl + Ti(NO3)3

No. of moles of titanium chloride = 0.5 x 100

1000
= 0.05 mol 1

No. of moles AgCl = 3 x 0.05

= 0.15 mol 1

Mass of AgCl = 0.15 x 143.5

= 21.3 g 1

(b) (i) Mol ratio N : H

= 82.35 : 17.65
14 1

= 1 : 3 1

Empirical formula of Y is NH3

The molecular ion@ parent ion is 17. 1

Molecular formula of Y is NH3 1

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Fragmentation :

NH3 (g) NH2+ + H 1

The peak at m/e = 16 is due to NH2+ ion 1

The peak at m/e =18 is due to NDH2+ ion 1

D is an isotope of H 1

The peak is very weak because the percentage abundance of D is very low 1

TOTAL 15M

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19 (a) energy

n=6

n=5
Energy
n=4
axis and
label n
n=3 =1 to n=6
1
n=2

Show 5
transition
n=1
spectrum correct-1

Energy
level
getting
closer as
energy
increase
- 1

(b)
Lyman series is in the uv region 1
Consists of lines that converges at higher frequencies 1

(c ) ∆ E = hf 1
= 6.63 x 10-34 x 3.27 x 1015
= 2.17 x 10-18 kJ 1

For 1 mol,
∆ E = 2.17 x 10-18 x 6.02 x1023 x10-3
= 1.31 x 103 kJ mol-1 1

(d) (i) Hund’s rule : when electrons are placed in a set of degenerate 1
orbitals, the electrons must occupy them singly with parallel spins before
pairing.

Pauli exclusion principle: each orbital can accommodate a maximum 1

of two electrons of opposite spins.

Aufbau principle: electrons occupy orbitals in the order of the energy

levels of the orbitals starting from the lowest energy first. 1

(ii) -O2- ion has 10 e- and electrons filled first into 1s orbital then 2s, then
2p according to Aufbau principle 1

- energy of the orbitals : 1s‹ 2s‹2p

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 electronic configuration of O2-

↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ 1

1s2 2s2 2p6

(iii)
Valence orbitals are 2s and 2p

Draw
and label
2s-1

Draw
and label
2p -1

TOTAL 15M

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20 (a) (i)
CH3COOH(l) C2H5OH(l) CH3COOC2H5(l) H2O(l)
Mole initial 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.3
Change -x -x +x +x
Mole at 0.7 – x = 0.4 0.6 – x 0.5 + x 0.3 + x
equilibrium = 0.6 – 0.3 =0.5 + 0.3 = 0.3 + 0.3
= 0.3 =0.8 = 0.6 1
From CH3COOH,
0.7 – x = 0.4
x = 0.3 mol 1
[𝐶𝐻3𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐶2𝐻5][𝐻2𝑂]
Kc = [𝐶𝐻3𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻][𝐶2𝐻5𝑂𝐻] 1
0.8 0.6
( )( )
𝑉 𝑉
= 0.4 0.3
( )( )
𝑉 𝑉

= 4.0 (2sf and no unit) 1

(ii) Acid is required to catalyse the reaction between CH3COOH and C2H5OH 1

(iii)
Consider reverse
reaction
CH3COOH(l) C2H5OH(l) CH3COOC2H5(l) H2O(l)
n At initial 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.5
Change +x +x -x -x
n At 0.1 + x 0.2 + x 0.5 - x 0.3 - x 1
equilibrium

[𝐶𝐻3𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐶2𝐻5][𝐻2𝑂]
Qc = [𝐶𝐻3𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻]𝐶2𝐻5𝑂𝐻]
0.5 0.5
( )( )
𝑉 𝑉
= 0.1 0.2
( )( )
𝑉 𝑉
= 12.5
1
Since Qc > Kc, reverse reaction occurs/ consider :
1
1 [𝐶𝐻3𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐶2𝐻5][𝐻2𝑂]
= 1/ [𝐶𝐻3𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻][𝐶2𝐻5𝑂𝐻] 1
𝐾𝑐
[𝐶𝐻3𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻][𝐶2𝐻5𝑂𝐻]
¼ = [𝐶𝐻3𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐶2𝐻5][𝐻2𝑂]
0.𝐼+𝑋 0.2+𝑋
( )( )
𝑉 𝑉
¼ = 0.5−𝑋 0.5−𝑋
( )( )
𝑉 𝑉

x = 0.07 1

9
 Number of moles of CH3COOH that remained in the equilibrium mixture
= 0.1 + x
=0.1 + 0.07
= 0.17 mol. 1

(b) Rain water dissolves atmospheric CO2 to form dilute carbonic acid :
CO2(g) + H2O (l) H2CO3 (aq) ……..1 1

When carbonic acid passes through limestone(CaCO3) rock, it dissolves

calcium carbonate to form calcium hydrogen carbonate (calcium 1
bicarbonate )solution :

H2CO3(aq) + CaCO3(s) Ca(HCO3)2(aq) ……….2 1

When the solution containing Ca(HCO3)2 drips from the roof of the cave,
water evaporates
.
The equilibrium position in equation (2) shift to the left.

Thus, calcium hydrogen carbonates decompose to form the insoluble 1

CaCO3(s) :

Ca(HCO3) (aq) H2CO3(aq) + CaCO3(s)

The carbonates are deposited to form stalactites(hanging down from the 1

roof) and stalgmites (sticking out from the floor)
TOTAL 16

(Max
15M)

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