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Earth Science 3

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11 views

Earth Science 3

Uploaded by

serxndipity
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SEISMIC WAVES

Earth Science 10 - First Quarter

EARTHQUAKE ● discovered by A.E.H Love, a


● vibrations of the earth produced british mathematician
by rapid release of energy most ● faster than rayleigh waves
often due to the slippage along
a fault in the earth’s crust RAYLEIGH WAVE
● moves up and down or
● seismometer - detects motion side-to-side similar to the
● seismograph - instrument used ground
to detect and record motion ● rolls along the ground (like
● seismogram - a record of the waves in the lake or ocean)
seismic waves ● particle motion is circular
● focus / hypocenter - place ● discovered by John William
inside the earth’s crust where an Strutt and Lord Rayleigh
earthquake originate
● epicenter - point on the earth’s BODY WAVES
surface directly above the focus ● can travel through earth’s interior
● magnitude - energy released ● used by scientists to identify the
● intensity - effects; strength as properties of the earth’s interior
perceived and felt by people in a
certain locality TWO TYPES OF BODY WAVES
● earthquake seismology - best PRIMARY WAVE (p wave)
tool to study the earth’s interior ● pulse energy that travels quickly
through the earth and through
SEISMIC WAVES liquids
● energy radiates in all directions ● also called compressional wave
from the focus in the form of ● travels by particles vibrating
waves which are recorded in a parallel to the direction of wave
seismograph travel
● force the ground to move
TWO MAIN TYPES OF backward and forward as they
SEISMIC WAVES are compressed and expanded
● they travel fastest through solid,
SURFACE WAVES liquid, and gas
● can travel only through the
SECONDARY WAVE (s wave)
surface of the earth
● travels only through solids
● they arrive after p and s waves
● also called shear or transverse
are confined to the outer layers
wave
of the earth
● moves up and down (inside the
TWO TYPES OF SURFACE WAVES earth)
LOVE WAVE (l wave)
ADDITIONAL NOTES
● moves in the ground in a
● wave that cause most shaking in
side-to-side horizontal motion
the ground are surface waves
(like a snake), causing the
ground to twist and cause much
damage to structures

note: three waves (p,s,l - in order) should be detected


to identify the epicenter of the earthquake

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