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Ce 412 Unit 4 Classification of Roads

Here are the key points regarding the classification of highways: Classification by location: - National highways connect major cities and the country's capital - State highways connect significant parts within a state and ultimately connect to national highways - District roads are within cities/towns and connect markets and production places to state and national highways - Rural/village roads connect nearby villages to towns and district roads Classification by importance: - Primary highways are access-controlled motorways for automobiles only - Class I highways have 4+ lanes, allow for high speeds, and connect major traffic generators - Class II highways provide access to Class I and serve shorter trips - Class III highways serve developed areas with reduced speeds Classification

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Faher Gaosel Watamama
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30 views

Ce 412 Unit 4 Classification of Roads

Here are the key points regarding the classification of highways: Classification by location: - National highways connect major cities and the country's capital - State highways connect significant parts within a state and ultimately connect to national highways - District roads are within cities/towns and connect markets and production places to state and national highways - Rural/village roads connect nearby villages to towns and district roads Classification by importance: - Primary highways are access-controlled motorways for automobiles only - Class I highways have 4+ lanes, allow for high speeds, and connect major traffic generators - Class II highways provide access to Class I and serve shorter trips - Class III highways serve developed areas with reduced speeds Classification

Uploaded by

Faher Gaosel Watamama
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Highway specification is divided into two categories:

1. Standard Specifications. This applies to projects implemented by


administration which treat the subject that repeatedly occurs in the agency
work.
2. Special provisions cover peculiar item of the project in question that include
additional modification to standard specifications. This includes copies of
the documents required in securing competitive bids and contracts.

Specification is also subdivided into two:

a. The general clause that deals with the bidding procedures and award
execution and control of work and other legal matters.
b. Specifying detail regarding the materials, manner of work execution and
who pay quantities are to be measured.

Learning Activity:

Answer the following questions:


1. What is a specification?
2. Contrast specifications from plans.
3. What are the requirements of a good specification?
Lesson 3: Classification of Roads

Learning Outcomes
 Classify roads according to:
 Location and function
 Importance
 Traffic
 Tonnage

 Identify different road patterns


 Rectangular or block
 Radial or star and block
 Radial or star and circular pattern
 Radial or star and grid
 Hexagonal pattern
 Minimum travel pattern

Classification of roads according to location and function

1. National highway
2. State highway
3. District roads
4. Rural road or village road

National highways are the main roads that connect all major cities to the
capital of the country. They run throughout the length and breadth of the country.
A minimum two-lane road is provided for national highways.
State highways are the second main roads that connect significant parts
of the state within it. State highways ultimately connect to the national highway.
District roads are provided within the cities and connect markets and
production places to state and national highways. Two types of district roads are
major and minor district roads.

Rural road or village road connect the nearby villages. They lead to a
nearby town or district roads. Usually’ low-quality roads are provided as village
roads because of low traffic.

Classification of roads according to importance

Table of Asian highway Classification (as to importance)

Classification Description Pavement Type


Primary Access-controlled motorway Asphalt or cement concrete
Class I 4 or more lanes highway Asphalt or cement concrete
Class II 2 lanes Asphalt or cement concrete
Class III 2 lanes (narrow) Double bituminous treatment
Primary class in the new classification is the access-controlled motorway.
This shall be used exclusively by automobiles. Access to motorway shall be done
at grade-separated interchanges only. Motorcycles, bicycles pedestrians shall not
be allowed to enter motorway in order to ensure traffic safety and the high running
speed of automobiles except when domestic legislation and regulation allow. At-
grade separation shall not be designed on motorway and carriageway shall be
divided by median strips.

Class I: Motorists expect to travel at high speeds. Major intercity routes,


primary connectors of major traffic generators, daily commuter routes.
Class II access routes to class I facilities, scenic or recreational routes
Or passing through rugged terrain usually serve relatively short trips.

Class III serve moderately developed areas. Often have reduced speed
limits reflecting higher activity level.

Table of Design Speed, Highway Classification and Terrain Classification

Primary Class I (kph) Class II (kph) Class III


Terrain (kph) (kph)

Level (L) 120 100 80 60

Rolling (R) 100 80 60 50

Mountain (M) 80 60 50 40

Steep (S) 60 60 40 30
According to traffic volume

1. Light traffic roads – roads carrying 400 vehicles daily on the average
2. Medium traffic roads – roads carrying 400 to 1000 vehicles daily
3. High traffic roads – roads carrying more than 1000 vehicles per day.

According to traffic type

1. Pedestrian ways – this way is exclusively built for pedestrians therefore no


vehicles are permitted.
2. Cycle tracks or bicycle tracks are provided on the side of the pavement for
cyclist so they can travel safely.
3. Motorways or expressways – cars which can move with high speeds
accelerations are permitted in this way. Motorways make travel quick and
provides comfort for high-speed vehicles.

According to tonnage

Type of Roads Vehicle per day (m3)


Very heavy traffic roads Above 1524
Heavy traffic roads 1027 – 1524
Medium traffic roads 508 – 1017
Light traffic roads Below 508

Different Road Patterns

Rectangular or Block/grid pattern is a plan where the streets and roads


are in the form of grids or blocks running perpendicular into each other. Usually,
the main road is wide which passes through the center of the area and other roads
connecting to it are narrow.
Radial or Star and Block I a combination of star and block pattern. The
entire area is divided into a radial network of roads radiating from the center
outwardly with block pattern network of roads in between ra radial main street.

Radial or star and circular pattern is a road system wherein the main
radial roads radiating from central business area are connected together with
concentric roads. In these areas, boundary by adjacent radial roads and
corresponding circular roads and the built-up area is planned with a curved block
system.
Radial and grid pattern: The radial and the circular pattern is the road
pattern in which the main roads originate from a central point and connected
together by narrow roads that radiate outward. Advantages of Radial and
grid pattern: This road protects the movement of vehicles with high ratios of 3-
way intersections.

Hexagonal Pattern: In this pattern, the entire area is provided with a


network of roads formatting hexagonal figures. At each corner of the hexagon
three roads meet the built-up area boundary by the sides of the hexagons is
further divided in suitable sizes.

Learning Activity: Discuss the following items:


Classification of highways according to:
1. Location
2. Importance
3. Traffic
4. Tonnage
5. Road Patterns

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