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Animal breeding and husbandry

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 ANIMAL BREEDING AND HUSBANDRY
Ioan Hutu, DMV, PhD, Kor Oldenbroek, Eng, PhD, Liesbeth van der Waaij , Eng, PhD
Veterinarian (1997), animal Master in Animal Husbandry Master in Animal Husbandry (1996)
science engineer (2001), master (1973) and PhD in Animal and PhD in Animal Husbandry and
in management (2012), PhD in
animal reproduction (2002) at
Breeding and Nutrition (1988)
from Wageningen University, the
Genetics (2001) from Wageningen
University, the Netherlands. Former
ANIMAL BREEDING AND
USAMVBT. Associate Professor Netherlands. Retired, associate Assistant Professor at Animal
in the Discipline of Animal
Production, Faculty of Veterinary
specialist invited to the Center for
Genetic Resources Netherlands.
Reproduction and Genomics
Center, Wageningen University, HUSBANDRY
Medicine Timisoara, Romania. The Netherland

Ioan Hutu
Kor Oldenbroek
Liesbeth van der Waaij

I. Hutu, K. Oldenbroek, L. van der Waaij

ISBN 978-606-785-148-9

AGROPRINT - TIMISOARA, 2020

 ANIMAL BREEDING AND
HUSBANDRY
textbook

Ioan Huțu
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Timisoara

Kor Oldenbroek
Center for Genetic Resources, The Netherlands

Liesbeth van derWaaij

Animal Genomics and Breeding Center, The Netherlands

Agroprint Publishing House, Timisoara, Romania, 2020

Scientific references:
Prof. Emil Sas Eng. PhD
Marcel MatiutiEng, PhD
Prof. Viorel Herman, DMV, PhD
Prof.EmilTirziu, DMV, PhD

Layout and adaptation:

Ioan Hutu and Isolde Heim

Descrierea CIP a BiblioteciiNaţionale a României

HUŢU, IOAN
Animal breeding and husbandry / Ioan Huţu, KorOldenbroek, Liesbeth van der
Waaij. - Timişoara :Agroprint, 2020
Conţinebibliografie
ISBN 978-606-785-148-9

I. Oldenbroek, Kor
II. Waaij, Liesbeth van der

636.09

Printed: December 2020

Any part of this work can be copied and redistributed, in any medium or format.
License CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.

Recommended citation:

Hutu, I., Oldenbroek, K, van der Waaij, L., Animal breeding and
husbandry,Agroprint, Timisoara, 2020.
 FOREWORD

The Animal breeding and husbandrytextbook is mainly addressed to the

students of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the University of Agricultural
Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Banat "King Michael I of Romania" from
Timisoara.
In writing, approaching and presenting the course we started from the current
situation in Romania - the mirror of improvement is the country's livestock -, from
the structure of the curriculum for veterinary medicine and from the needs of
second year students, English section, veterinary medicine.

Cows of the farmer Fulop Josef from Dănești, Harghita

Photo: eng. Daniel Ioan Dănuț
The course is structured in two parts: one related to general animal
husbandry (which includes introductory elements, origin, domestication,
systematics and morphology of animals) and one in which notions and concepts of
animal genetics and breeding are presented. In order to cover many of the
contextual weaknesses, such as the degree of preparation of the second year
student, the curricular path and the already notorious assertion that "the vet does
not like math" we tried, and I hope we succeeded, to bring improvement in a
descriptive but pragmatic approach, we consider easy and engaging in the form of
"improvement program".
 In this regard, my thanks go to Wageningen University affiliates: Kor
Oldenbroek of the Center for Genetic Resources, the Netherlands and Liesbeth
van der Waaijde of the Animal Breedingand Genomics Center, who were available
and kind to provide the Textbook Animal Breedingand Genetics
(https://wiki.groenkennisnet.nl/display/TAB/), in order to adapt this manual for the
Veterinary school, English section.

The course information is presented from the perspective of the students'

next development area - being located in the immediate vicinity of existing
knowledge - accessibility, usefulness and efficiency - we consider necessary
ingredients in training and developing the horizon of the young specialist. That is
why, I think, through a thematic and methodical approach, the Animal breeding and
husbandry textbook will be able to constitute an essential “brick” in the “edifice” of
the future veterinarian.

Good luck with studying!

Easy to understand!
… And success!
Dr. Ioan Hutu,
Timisoara,
October 2020
 1 st
part

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

The goal of Animal husbandry is to increase knowledge on reproduction,

feeding, breeding and exploitation of agricultural animals. It`s contributions to
agricultural science help to provide the world`s population with animal products, the
food and light industry with raw materials and agriculture with organic fertilizers.
Besides farming and commercial purposes, it also improves breeding human pets
and animals used in sports or traction (traction dogs, horses, etc.).
From a food security perspective, animal husbandry answers questions
about the origin and safety of products and the adequacy of animal production as
well as the ways in which animal production is obtained.
Animal husbandry comprises several branches such as: Breeding horses,
raising cattle (cattle and buffalo), pig farming (raising pigs), goats, oviculture
(raising sheep), poultry (raising poultry), aquaculture (raising fish and mollusks) ,
rabbit farming (raising purebred rabbits) etc.
Therefore,

Animal husbandry is the branch of agriculture whose object is the multiplication

and rearing of animals and birds, silk butterflies, aquatic animals (fish, molluscs)
and air (with reference to beekeeping)

9| © FMVT, 2020
 ANIMAL BREEDING AND HUSBANDRY
This book is a practical guide which will lead the reader step by step from
general understanding of the topic to establishing a breeding business. The first
part explains issues related to domestication of animals as well as zootechnical
systematics. Main topics will include differentiation of species, morphological
characters, productive performances of breeds, geographical issues to be aware
of, future market requirements, economic efficiency, environmental sustainability
and social acceptance of animals.
In combination with the practical work taking place simultaneously specialists
in the field of animal husbandry and veterinary students will be trained in a very
thorough way
Part 1 also covers the main elements on animal husbandry and development
as well as issues related to biodiversity and especially to zootechnical diversity.
Working through this book it will become clear for the students that
modernizing animal husbandry will lead to a better standard of living in the future.

10 | HUTU, OLDENBROEK & WAAIJ.

 Part 2 nd

ANIMAL BREEDING

What is animal breeding?

The topic of this book is animal breeding. The term suggests that a selective
process will be applied. Only males and females which have passed certain quality
criteria are allowed for breeding. The predefined goal is to genetically improve the
population in a certain direction. Breeders select animals according to a predefined
list of requisites (traits). Only animals which show these traits are allowed for
breeding the next generation. Like this the offspring will on average be better than
the parents. In other words: selective breeding leads to a shift in population
average from one generation to the next.
Animal breeding is not concerned with keeping animals and ensuring their
productivity. Also, it does not deal with optimizing reproduction techniques and
other related topics.
Definition

Animal breeding involves the selective breeding of domestic animals with the
intention to improve desirable (and heritable) qualities in the next generation.

Structure of this book

The book starts with an explanation of the concepts of genetics. This is
fundamental knowledge to understand the genetic processes used in animal
breeding. Based upon this, the following chapters will “dive into the deep”, taking
the reader on a journey through all steps which have to be followed in order to
develop and to run a successful breeding program (see diagram below).

131 | © FMVT, 2020

 ANIMAL BREEDING AND HUSBANDRY

Diagram of breeding program

Some subjects are taken up in more than one chapter because they are
related to a number of steps and require specific attention in each of them. An
example would be the role of genetic relationships. In working through the book the
reader gets insight in how breeding programs should be organized, what the critical
points are and to what consequences certain breeding decisions will lead.
Each chapter starts will a general description of the subject, its role in a
breeding program and some important issues to be considered. Next, tools
(formulas) are introduced which will help to perform the step accurately, make
some basic calculations and improve results.

132 | HUTU, OLDENBROEK & WAAIJ.

 BIBLIOGRAPHY

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430 |© FMVT, 2020

BIBLIOGRAPHY
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67306-5-3. Kirjapaino Jaarli Oy, Turenki, Finlande.
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Sci., 56:115-143.

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 ANIMAL BREEDING AND HUSBANDRY
33. HOMETKOVSKI, L., Taxonomia (taxinomia) în terminologie: aspecte
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(2010), Genome-Wide Effects of Long-Term Divergent Selection. PLoS
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432 | HUTU, OLDENBROEK & WAAIJ

BIBLIOGRAPHY
49. MILLER, L.L., SIEGEL, P.B., DUNNINGTON, E.A., 1992, Inheritance of
antibody response to sheep erythrocytes in lines of chickens divergently
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 ANIMAL BREEDING AND HUSBANDRY
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434 | HUTU, OLDENBROEK & WAAIJ

BIBLIOGRAPHY
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*** Concepts in Growth and Development, http://animalbiosciences. uoguelph.ca/

~swatland/ch8_1.htm
*** EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030. European Commission website. European
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*** http://www.gesfokwaarden.eu /en/breedingvalues/pdf/E_09_EN.pdf

TUTORIALS & BACKGROUND IN GENETICS:

1. Introduction to heredity:
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/classical-genetics/mendelian--
genetics/v/introduction-to-heredity
2. Heredity 2: https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/classical-
genetics/mendelian--genetics/v/punnett-square-fun
3. Alleles and genes:https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/gene-
expression-central-dogma/central-dogma-transcription/v/alleles-and-genes
4. Allele frequency:https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/her/heredity-
and-genetics/v/allele-frequency
5. What are phenotypes?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kLpr6t4-eLI
6. Where do your genes come from? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-
Yg89GY61DE

435 |© FMVT, 2020

 ANIMAL BREEDING AND HUSBANDRY

TUTORIALS & BACKGROUND IN STATISTICS:

1. Introduction: mean, median and mode:
https://www.khanacademy.org/math/probability/data-distributions-
a1/summarizing-center-distributions/v/statistics-intro-mean-median-and-mode
2. Correlation and regression: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jmB_wK6iLCs
3. Variance rules for statistics: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rsMGeseIDNg
4. Rules to calculate covariances:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Z2cngD54Qw
5. Introduction to the normal distribution:
https://www.khanacademy.org/math/statistics-probability/modeling-
distributions-of-data/normal-distributions-library/v/introduction-to-the-normal-
distribution

TUTORIALS – ANIMAL BREEDING:

1. Why Animal Breeding?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=4&v=wbLTe_1bKVE
2. The Seven Steps of a Breeding Program -
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b3r30EZc3IM
3. The Value of Information in Animal Breeding
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tffqHe8q4eY
4. The Concept of Inbreeding
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=462&v=Fk4OpMZx0B4
5. Consequences of Inbreeding
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=280&v=7Eh21o0QLXM
6. Animation Inbreeding and Genetic Relationships
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=21&v=eRG3RSVlWIE
7. The Concept of Genetic Models
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=131&v=mN6VX4mx9z4
8. The Genotypic Value
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=19&v=FtlWZ4lDSH0
9. Heritability
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=295&v=dCkK7oiI-0o
10. The Transmission Model
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=202&v=B7PJBrn1uG8
11. Permanent and Common Environment
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=73&v=_3CiIGNx6ks
12. Breeding Values – Genetic Concept

436 | HUTU, OLDENBROEK & WAAIJ

BIBLIOGRAPHY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qqJN0t_8PeI
13. Estimating Breeding Values and Predicted Performance
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=4&v=MB7WBeF41fw
14. Using Genomic Information
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1&v=MTN3tfBiF74
15. Animation Estimated Breeding Value
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X3fQ3__FLEE
16. Video: Calculating Genetic Gain
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sx7JWz0FD54
17. Mating
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=05DDmOIzBqs
18. Inbreeding at the Population Level
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1&v=hJh491hBUjg

437 |© FMVT, 2020

 CONTENTS

438 | HUTU, OLDENBROEK & WAAIJ

CUPRINS

439 |© FMVT, 2020

 CREȘTEREA ȘI AMELIORAREA ANIMALELOR

440 | HUTU, OLDENBROEK & WAAIJ

CUPRINS

441 |© FMVT, 2020

 CREȘTEREA ȘI AMELIORAREA ANIMALELOR

442 | HUTU, OLDENBROEK & WAAIJ

CUPRINS

443 |© FMVT, 2020

 CREȘTEREA ȘI AMELIORAREA ANIMALELOR

444 | HUTU, OLDENBROEK & WAAIJ

CUPRINS

445 |© FMVT, 2020

 CREȘTEREA ȘI AMELIORAREA ANIMALELOR

446 | HUTU, OLDENBROEK & WAAIJ

CUPRINS

PART THREE: BIBLIOGRAPY 430

447 |© FMVT, 2020

 CREȘTEREA ȘI AMELIORAREA ANIMALELOR

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Printing house of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of
Banat „King Mihai I of Romania” from Timișoara,
th
119 Calea Aradului, 300645, Romania

448 | HUTU, OLDENBROEK & WAAIJ

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ANIMAL BREEDING AND HUSBANDRY

Ioan Hutu, DMV, PhD, Kor Oldenbroek, Eng, PhD, Liesbeth van der Waaij , Eng, PhD
Veterinarian (1997), animal Master in Animal Husbandry Master in Animal Husbandry (1996)
science engineer (2001), master (1973) and PhD in Animal and PhD in Animal Husbandry and
in management (2012), PhD in
animal reproduction (2002) at
Breeding and Nutrition (1988)
from Wageningen University, the
Genetics (2001) from Wageningen
University, the Netherlands. Former
ANIMAL BREEDING AND
USAMVBT. Associate Professor Netherlands. Retired, associate Assistant Professor at Animal
in the Discipline of Animal
Production, Faculty of Veterinary
specialist invited to the Center for
Genetic Resources Netherlands.
Reproduction and Genomics
Center, Wageningen University, HUSBANDRY
Medicine Timisoara, Romania. The Netherland

Ioan Hutu
Kor Oldenbroek
Liesbeth van der Waaij

I. Hutu, K. Oldenbroek, L. van der Waaij

ISBN 978-606-785-148-9

AGROPRINT - TIMISOARA, 2020