== _ --'F===_:i Wastewate/

- ay aEEi-diie.-I in the physical, chemical or biological properties of • is part of water supply to the community, industry/manufacturing,

Oe eninment (air, water and land) which adversely affects its agriculture, etc. which has been mixed with suspended or dissolved
qualfty and/or aesthetic use. solid, and usually contains pollutants.

vvate{ auelrty Physical Charactoristjcs of lhlestewater

- describes the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of
water whh respect to its suitability for a partJcular use. Co/or -generally the indication Of the age of sewage.

1. It is known as Water Quality Guidelines and General Effluent Odor -comes from the septic decomposition at organic wastes and i§ due
Standards of 2016. to the presence of gases such as
a. DAO 34 c. RA 9275
Compound Odor
b. DAO 35
6p AO No. 2016-08
Amines fishy
classification of Water Bodies Ammonia ammoniacal
Diamines decayed.fish
Water Bodies Cla ssification and Usaoe of Freshwater Hvdroqen Sulfides rotten eaas
Classification Intended Beneficial Use Mercaptans skunk
Class AA Public Water Supply Class I. Oraanic Skatoles rotten cabbage
Intended prinarily for waters having watersheds, Skatole fecal
which are uninhabited and/or otherwise declared as
protected areas, and which require only approved 3. Gas responsible for the rotten egg odor ofwastewater.
disinfection to meet the latest PNSDW.
Class A Public Water Supply Class 11. ;: :::::ia &myedTngpeinssuifide
Intended as sources of water supply that will
requiring conventional treatment (coagulation, rtithi'dity - the amount of suspended matter in water^mastewater and is
sedimentation , filtration and disinfection) in order to obtained by measuring its light scattering abilfty. It is also a measiire Of the
meet the PNSDW. abilityOfsunlighttopassthroughwaterandtheabil.tryofwatertodisperse
Class a Recreational water Class I. different materials disposed into it.
Intended for prinary contact recreation (bathing,
swimming, etc.) 4. The resistance ofwatertothe passageoflightthrough itisa measure
Class C 1) Fishery water for the propagation and growth of of the
fish and other aquatic resources; a. color c. hardness
2) Reereatlonal Water Class 11-For boating, fishing
®urbidity d. dissolved gases
or simhar acunes
3) Fo. aariautire. irngaton, and livestock watering 5. Vthth of the foltowing apparatus is not used in masuring froidftyff
I NavioatLe Wats
CtED a. Jackson Turfudimeter

C-
vtr Bodts CEsffion and Usaoe Of Marme Waters
Cbss SA
Intended Beneficial Use
1 ) Protected Waters-Waters designated as national
or local marine parks, reserves, sanctuaries, and
Sp#::D#ic=co#nmeter
Temperature - lowers the solubilfty of oxygen in water and increase the
other areas established by law (presidential rate at which oxygenconsuming microbes attack organic waste.
Proclamation 1801 and other existing laws) and/or
declared as such by appropriate government rota/ So/i.ds -solid residue when water is evaporated at 103 -1050C.
ageney, LGUs, etc.
2) Fishery Water Class I - Suitable for shellfish 6. Thetotal solids in waterare dueto the presenceof
harvesting for direct human consumption.
class sB Fishery Water Class 11- Water suitable for Q:::£::!:::ii#e:oi,3,:d§
commeroial propagation of shellfish and intended as c. colloidal and settleable solids
spawning areas for milkfish (Chanos chanos) and d. colloidal and bacterial load
similar species
2) Tourism Zones -For ecotourism and recreational 7. Sodium ions conthbute to which characteristics of water
activities
3) Recreational Water class I - Intended for primary : £|or @{oa#nd::oived solids
contact recreation (bathing, swimming, skin diving,
etc.I Biological Characteristics of Wastwater
Class SC 1 ) Fishery Water Class Ill -For the propagation
and growth of fish and other aquatic resoiirces and Di.sso/red Onygen - actual quantity Of free 02 pre§em in water.
intended for Commercial and sustenance fishing
2) Reereational water class ll -For boating. Fishing, 777eorel/ca/ oxygen Demand - a measure Of the amount Of 02 needed to
or similar activilies oxidize completely an organic matter whose chemical formula is known.
3) Marshy and /or mangrove areas declared as fish
and wildlife sanctuaries 8. a,|%uLegt/[e ThoD OHO8.75 mg L-1 of glucose.
Class SD ' Navidable Waters c. 132 mgr
b. 128 ngn. d.14o mgr
2. Class of water intended for primary contact reoreation such as
bathing,s"mming,Skind&g,:e£Cb 9. What is the theoretical oxygen demand in liters of air for 50 ng/L
a. ClassAA
b. ClassA d. Class c :°!out4°5n7°Lfacetone,todSm:%i[comp|eteiy?
b. 0.224 L
10. Glutamie acid is used as one Of the reagents for a standard to check lf this is a secondary treatment plant that is supposed to remove 85 `
the BOD test Detem.ine the theol.etical oxygen of 150 ppm of
:eyT:§ntoftheBOD,woul&uoseyrtisoperatingproperty7
glutamicacid.
a.125 ppm
b. 186 ppm EEjREEH 21. A test bottle containing just seeded dilution \mater has its DO level
drop by 1 mgn. in a fiverday test. A 300 ml BOD bottle filled with 15
For numbers 11 to 12: ml of wastewater and the rest seeded dilutlon water experiences a
11. Compute the theoretical NBOD of a wastewater contalning 30 mg/L drop of 7.2 mgn. in the same time period. What would be the five-
of ammonia as nitrogen.
a.137 mar b.128 mg/L 8iy2850:g°rfthe waste7 c. 25o mgIT
b.110 mg/L d.146 mg/L b. 155 nofl. d. 225 mgr

12. If the wastewater analysis was reported as 30 mgn. Of ammonia For numbers 22 to 24:
ical NB0D be? The dilution factor P for an unseeded mixture Of waste and water is
(NH3), what would the theo
a. 125 mg/L 1 3 mg/L 0.030. The DO of the mixture is in.itially 9.0 mg/L, and after five days,
b.106 mg/L ithasdroppedto3mgA..Thei.eactionrateconstantkhasbeenfound
to be 0.22 /day.
B/.o/og/.ca/ Orygen Demand - a measure of the amount of 02 needed by
microorganism to decompose biodegradable organics at spec.ified time (5 22. What is the fiveday BOD of the waste?
days), temperatiire (200C) and pH (7).
di:om#L :.. |98 #L
Chem/.ca/ Oxygen Demand - a measure of the amount of 02 needed to
oxidizeorganicsusingsfrongoxidfangagents(KMn04orK2Cr207)inacid would be the ultmate carbonaceous BOD?
media. mg/L c. 500 mar.
mgn. d. 200 mow
13. In the determination Of BOD, the reactlon takes place at
would be the remaining oxygen demand after five days?
Q200C
3cOC c.d.400C
500C 0 ng/L c. 200 mgfl.
mg/L d. 50 mg/L

14. In determination of BOD, the reaction takes place in the dark

ndard 5-Day BOD test is run using a mix consisting Of three
because
a. The microorganisms are sensitive to light. partsofdisti!ledwaterandone-partwastewater.Iftheinidaldissolve
oxygen of the mix is 10 ngn. and after 5 days, the dissolved oxygen
b. Oxygen is sensitive to light.

er
is 4 mg/L. The dissolved oxygen value after a long period Of time is
c. The reaction is enhanced in the dark.
1 mg/L. Calculate the ra `,`s.:,
stant k (/day).
may be present and produce oxygen.
a. 0.123 .220
b. 0.209 .188
fa `Ahl vtLlne of .aE5le`ider sale is nxpied tr a BOD and
our.cma-af 26. The BODS of a domestic wastewater at 20ac is 220 mgn. and its
aL 50 Ill
b. 20 mL ar:T2"mgiv,nsperty ultimate BOD is 320 mgn.. Calculate the rate constant at 150C.
a. 0.062/d c. 0.248/d
'`:i-I
.124/d d. 0.496/d
16. In a BOD test,1.0 mL Of raw sewage was diluted to 100 mL.
maintained at 200C. The dissolved oxygen concentration of diluted
sample at the beginning was 6 ppm and it was 4 ppm after 5 days. For numbers 27 to 28:

The BOD of raw sewage in ppm is 27. The town of Aveta discharges 17,360 m3/day Of treated wastewater
intotheTefnetcreek.ThetreatedwastewaterhasaBOD5ofl2mg/L
and a BOD decay constant, k. of 0.12 day-1 at 20oC. Tefnet Creek
©!:: : i:: has a flow rate of 0.43 m3/s and an ultimate BOD, Lo, of 5.0 mg/L.

For numbers 17 to 18:

The DO of the river is 6.5 mgfu and the DO of the wastewater is 1.0
mgA.. Compute the DO and iiiitial ultimate BOD, Lo, after mining.
17. The BOD Of a wastewater sample is estimated to be 180 mgn.. What
volume Of undiluted sample should be added to a 300-mL bottle? 6) 75 and 12 mgfl. c. 5.22 and 13 rngfl.
i.3.36and 11 mgn. d.6.07andl4mgA.
Assume that 4 mg /L BOD can be consumed in the BOD bo"e.

: ::: S:I 28. Caloulate the initial defic.it of the Tefnet Creek after nixing with the
wastewater from the to\^m of Aveta. The stream temperatue is 10oC,
and the wastewater temperature is 10oC. The saturated dissolved
18..\quatisthes±aand_di|utLonfactorusingthisvolume?
0.023 c. 0.015
\J:'` 0.028 d. 0.019
:ny7g;nm%t/:°°C'S`"3m$4:
b. 8.0 mgn-

19. What is the BODS of the wastewater sample if the D0 values for the
For numbers 29 to 32:
blank and diluted sample after 5 days are 8.7 and 4.2 mgA.,
Acityof200,000peopledisposesofl.05m3/softreatedsevagethat
respectively?
still has a B0Du Of 28.0 ngn. and 1.8 mgA. of DO into a river.
a. 263 mg/L
b. 217 mg/L P2!:# Upstreamfromtheouifell,theriverhasaflowrateOf7.08m3/sanda
velocfty of 0.37 in/s. At this point, the BODu and D0 in the river are
3 6 and 7.6 mg mgA., respecth/ely. The saturation value Of DO (at
20. The following data have been obtained in a BOD test that is made to
the temperature Of the river) is 8.5 ng/L. The deoxygenation
deteminehowwellawastewatertreatmentplantisoperating:
coefficient,kd,is0.61day-1.andthereaerationcoefficient,kr,is0.76

Final Volume of Volume of day-1. Assume complete mixing and that the velocity in the river is
Initial

DO DO Wastewater Oil ut.Ion Water the same upstream and downstream of the outfall.

(mqful (mq/L\ (mLl (mL\

29. What is the oxygen deficit just downstream from the ouifell Oust ater
UntreatedsewaQe 295
6.0 2.0 5 mixing, before any readi Occur)?
a. 2.2 mgA- mgA-
TreatedSewaqe
9.0 4.0 15 285 b. 1.0 mg/L mgn-
 Chemical Characteristcs Of llllastewater
30. Whatisthe D016kmdownstream?
pH - a measure of the acidfty or alkalinity Of water.

di:# :;i::;: Ca/ci'um and Magnes/.urn Sa#s - cause hardness in water and formaton
31. Caloulate the critical distance. Of scales and deposits on pipelines and fittings if used in industry.
a. 48km c. 53 kin
.:?L.. kin d. 25km Mfrogen and Pnosphorvs - basic components of fertllizer, serves as
nutnents for microbial growth in partjoular algae.
32. Calculate the minimum DO.
7face Mela/s - refers to the heavy mctal§ which are toxic even in small
i) ::# :.. !..3 :9# concentrations.

For numbers 33 to 34: 37. Whieh of the following is not a physical characteristic Of wastewater?
Justbelowthepointwhereacontinuousdischargeofpollutionmixes a. odor c. color
wth a river, the BODu is 10.9 mgn., and DO is 7.6 mgn.. The river b. turbidity d. hardness
and waste mirfure has a temperature Of 20°C, a deoxygenation
constant kd of 0.20/day, an average flow speed of 0.30 in/s, and an 38. It is the phenomenon that results in the overabundance of algae
average depth Of 3.0 in. growth in bodies Of water` lt is also the natural process Of nutrient
enrichment that occurs over time in a body of water.
33. Find the distance downstream at which the oxygen deficit is at a a. biomagnification c. anaeroblc respiration
maximum. The saturation value of DO at 20°C is 9.1 mg/L b, eutrophjcation d. thermal inversion
a. 43 miles c. 66 miles
b. 35 miles d. 58 miles 39. Involves the accumulation of trace metals through each species of
the food chain.
34. Findthe minimumvalue of DO. a. biomagnification c. anaerobic respiration
a. 5.5 mgfu c. 6.0 mg/L b. denithfication d. eufrophication
b. 5.8 mgn. d. 6.7 mg/L
40. A trace metal which causes ltai-itai diseases is
35. Compute the deoxygenation rate constant and reaeration rate a. cadmium c. meroury
constant (base e) for the following wastewater and stream b. silver d. chromium
conditlons.
A/ka//.nfty -sum of all titratable bases to a pH approximately 4.5.
Source k,/d T,OC H,in v, in/s BedCoefficient
41. A water contains 100.0 mgfl. CO£-and 75.0 ng/L HC03- at a pH of
Vtsterater 0.2 20 10 IT = 25oC). Calculate the exact alkalinfty. Approx].mate the
alkalinrty by isnoring the appropriate chemical spedes.
Fha 20 3-0 0.5 0.4
a. 225ngA.ascac03 c. 233mg/Lascaco.
b. 217mg/Lascac03 a. 247mg/Lascac03
a. to = 0.15u. kr = 0.45`d
b. kd = 022/d, kr = 0.48/cl
Water Hawhess - slim Of all polyvalent cations (in consistent units).
c. kd = 0.11/d, kr = 0.45/d

d. kd = 0.27/d, kr = 0.53/d 42. If a water sample was found to contain 19.2 mg/L Of magnesium ion
arid 44.4 mg/L of calcium ion, expressed the amount Of hardness.
36. Determine the BEST combination of plant and location to BEST The sample case from a Maynilad souree.
conserve the environment, given the following data: a.156 mg/Lascac03 c.189mgn. ascac03
kd = deoxygenation rate constant b. 200 mg/L ascac03 d.175mgA.ascaco.
kr = reaeration rate constant
Tc = travel time of wastewater discharge For numbers 43 to 47:
D = oxygen deficit The analysis of a sample of water with pH 7.5 has produced the
DO = dissolved oxygen actual concentraton following concentrations (mg/L)
Cations mg/L Anions mg/L
Sugar P ant (Al Ca2+ 80 HC03- 165
Factor
Pa§ia River (PRl Marikina River lMR) CI. 100
kd 0.15. 0.15 S04-2 201
kr 0.17 0.25
Tc 5.18 4.10
Find the following:
D 7.98 6.62
DO 0.40 1.76
43. Total hardness
a. 323 c.135
Methanol P ant (B)
Factor b.188 d. 123
Pasia River (PR) Mariklna River (MR)

kd 0.11 0.10
44. The carboriate hardness
kr 0.17 0.25
a. 323 a. 135
Tc 5.86 4.47
b.188 d. 123
D 6.51 5.32
DO. 1.87 3.06 45. The noncarbonated tiardness
a. 323 c.135
a. Plant (8) in Marikina River b.188 d.123
b. plant (8) in Pasig River
c. Plant (A) in Marikina River 46. The alkalinity, all expressed as cac03.
d. Plant (A) in Pasig River a. 323 c.135
b.188 d.123
 55. Hard water can be softened by
47. Find the total dissolved solids (TDS) in mgn..
a. 650 c. 770
a. Iettlng the calcium or magnesium ions setle out
b. passing it through an ion exchanger
b. 8cO d. 590
c. chlorination
d. filtration
48. Hardness Of water is usually expressed in parts per million of
a. Mgso4 c. Na2Co3
b. Cac03 a. Cac12
56. A home water soifener has 0.1 m3 of ion€xchange resin with an
exchangecapacftyOf62kg.iTr3.Thefourhomeresidentseachuse
water at a rate of 400 L . day-1 . The well water they are using
49. A sample of groundwater has an 150 milligrams per liter Of Ca2+ and
contains 340.0 mg . L-1 Of hardness as Cac03. It is desirable to
60milligramsperliferofMg2+,howwouldthiswaterbeclassrfied
soften it to achieve a total hardness of 100 mg . L-t as Cac03. What
a. soft c. slightry hard
b. moderately hard d. very Hard
should the bypass flow rate be?
CLT`3 71 l/d c. 560 L/d
33 L/d d. 600 l/d
For numbers 50 to 52:
Thefollowingmineralanalysiswasreportedforawatersampletaken
from well No. 1 at the Eastwood Manor Subdivision near MCHenry 57. Removal of all set(Ieable pardcles rendered setleable ilnder the
Illinois Owoller and Sanderson,1976a). Well No.1, Lab No. 02694,
influenceofgravfty,basicallythetheoryofgravftyundertheinfluence
Of which all particles than water tend to sethe down.
November 9,1971). (Note: AIl reported as mg/L as the ion unless
a. screening imentation
stated otherw]se.)
b. flotallon

Mineral Concentration Mineral Concentration

Iron (2+) 0.2 Silica 20.0 58. In facultative stabilhation pond, the sewage is treated by
Manganese 0 Fluoride 0.35
Ammonium 0.5 Boron 0.1 3: :::°ebi#,'cbbaactcteerin9a G%gae(a) and (b)
Sodium Nitate 0.0
Potassium Chloride 4.5 59. Process whereby coarse matter (suspended or floating) Of a certain
Sulfate 29.0 size can be strained out Of flowing water with the aid Of bars, fines
Calcium
Magnesium Alkalinfty 284 as cac03
Barium pH 7.6 units
?£STdfn:::C::on :flog::don
Determine the following :
60. Water treatment that destroys diseasecausing bacteria, nuisance
bacteria. parasites and other onganisms and removes soluble irons,
50. Total hands
a. 28, c. 335 imanganese and hydrogen sulfide from water.

LO d.51
:..##:: qLELogri:,:ti£:
51. C+-fui,-- SoliidWanWanagenent
a.2M cL 335
a-C a.51
61. A code for plastics used for fond wrapping, trash bags, grocery bags
52. Noncarbonate hardness and baby diapers.
a. 284 c. 335 a.2

b.0 d.51 b.3

53. The following mineral analysis was reported fora watersampletaken 62. It is the intemational salute that is ourrently the primary basis of the
from well No.1 at Magnolia, Illinois (Woller and Sanderson,1976b). Philippines in its latest environmental dispute with Canada.
Detemine the noncarbonate hardness (in mg/Las cac03) , using the
predominant polyvalent cation definition of hardness. Well No.1, Lab
No. 8109535, Apnl 23.1973 (Note: All reported as mg/L as the ion di::te:::ant:e#:on : #::ha:gpeftT##
unless stated otherwise.) 63. Detemine the area required for a now landill s.te in Batangas
province w.th a projected life Of 30 years for a population Of 250,000
Mineral Concentration Mineral Concentration
generating2.02kgpercap.itaperday.ThedensityOfthecompacted
Iron (2+) 0.42 Silica 20.0
waste is 470 kg/m3. The height of the landfill cannot exceed 15 in.
Manganese Fluoride 0.3
Ammonium Boron 0.3
Sodium Nitrate 0.0 d;:i:: : :::::
Potassium Chloride 9.0
64. The Tanay R.Lzal Stone Works employs six workers who produce
Calcium Sulfate 29.0
uncompactedwastefromtheproductsformedforbuildingdecors.
Magnesium Zinc 0.01
If the densfty of the uncompacted waste is 480 kilograms per
Barium Alkalinity 494.035 as cac03
cubic meters, detemine the annual volume of solid waste
copper pH 7.7 units
produced by the factory assuming a waste generation volume
rate of one kilogram per capita per day.
a.0 c, 327
a. 3.22 cubic meters c. 5.56cubicmeters
b. 494 d.110
b. 8.01 cubic meters
@ .65 cubic meters

54, Type of wastewater treatment that employs physical and chemical

treatment methods to remove or reduce a high percentage Of
65 :cO#g:g619S0lld waste Act#:i;iothermse inoun as
suspended solids and toxic materials.
a. PrimaryTreament c. TertiaryTreatment b. RA 8749

b. Secondary Treatment d. Minor Treatment

 66. Sfror LbJtr' i a tod exple Of a facafty for solid waste.
'n.B'i¥: snve as
dunpingsite c.transferstation
b. sanitary Landfi]l d. material recovery facmty

Air Qualrty Management

67. A global treaty that aims to diminish and eventually phase out
chlorofluorocarbons.
a. Stockholm Conventon
Kyoto Protocol
ontreal Protocol
Of these

68. Collective term for the initial POPs identified by the Stockholm
Convention
a. Dirty 12 HH irty Dozens
b. 12 POPs DCs

69. It is an odorless and colorless gas that is lethal to humans with

exposure as short as a few minutes to concentrations exceeding
5000 ppm. It reacts with hemoglobin in the blood rendering the latter

.jqicapable of canyjng oxygen to the body.

rbon monoxide c. sulfur dioxide
§ca%: drogen supplied d. sulfurliiox]de

70. Pick out the wrong statement.

a. The concentric atmosphere layer just above troposphere is called
stratosphere, which is rich in ozone.
b. Mesosphere is characterized by very low atmosphere pressure
and low temperature.
)posphere is a dusty zone containing water vapor and cloiids.
.:,?,,,,
e radio waves used in the long-distance radio communication
flected to eartti by stratosphere.

71. The la. at v`wh temperature in the atmosphere changes with

a_rfebcan
a. trTtxrabe dxp
I). 0- rate ifecalraterate
72. Detemine the stabilfty of the atmosphere given the following data
collected for Tagaytay:

® 1.00 degrees C per 100 meters

8. -3.01 degrees C per 100 meters
C. -2.11 degrees C per 100 meters
D. -2.92 degrees C per 100 meters

73. Which biogeochemical cycle has bacteria living in a symbiotic

re|atronshlpwlththercots¢f;:hgo#:e:n::us
a. Oxygen
b. carbon

74. By which process is carbon dioxide released from plants back into
the atmosphere?

esaprrat::n ::#:gh#%;sn
75, Which of the acid combination i§ the dominant composition Of acid
rain?

®£{::a:;:§a:id:a#d[fu::|ican:;a:dc,d
d. none of tlie above