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This document contains the table of contents for a book on differential equations and dynamical systems. It lists 8 chapters that cover topics such as linear systems, existence and uniqueness of solutions, dynamical systems, invariant manifolds, the phase plane, chaotic dynamics, and bifurcation theory. Each chapter is further broken down into sections that delve deeper into the various subtopics within that chapter.

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© © All Rights Reserved
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
30 views

mm22 Toc

This document contains the table of contents for a book on differential equations and dynamical systems. It lists 8 chapters that cover topics such as linear systems, existence and uniqueness of solutions, dynamical systems, invariant manifolds, the phase plane, chaotic dynamics, and bifurcation theory. Each chapter is further broken down into sections that delve deeper into the various subtopics within that chapter.

Uploaded by

mxjoe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Contents

Preface to the Revised Edition xi

Preface xiii

Acknowledgments xvii

1 Introduction 1
1.1 Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 What Are Differential Equations? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.3 One-Dimensional Dynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.4 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.5 Two-Dimensional Dynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.6 The Lorenz Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
1.7 Quadratic ODEs: The Simplest Chaotic Systems . . . . . . . . . . . 20
1.8 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

2 Linear Systems 27
2.1 Matrix ODEs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.2 Two-Dimensional Linear Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.3 Exponentials of Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
2.4 Fundamental Solution Theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
2.5 Complex Eigenvalues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
2.6 Multiple Eigenvalues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
2.7 Linear Stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
2.8 Nonautonomous Linear Systems and Floquet Theory . . . . . . . 57
2.9 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

3 Existence and Uniqueness 69


3.1 Set and Topological Preliminaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
3.2 Function Space Preliminaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
3.3 Existence and Uniqueness Theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
3.4 Dependence on Initial Conditions and Parameters . . . . . . . . . . 89
3.5 Maximal Interval of Existence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
3.6 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

4 Dynamical Systems 101


4.1 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
4.2 Flows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
4.3 Global Existence of Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

vii
viii Contents

4.4 Linearization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108


4.5 Stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
4.6 Lyapunov Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
4.7 Topological Conjugacy and Equivalence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
4.8 Hartman–Grobman Theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
4.9 Omega-Limit Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
4.10 Attractors and Basins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
4.11 Stability of Periodic Orbits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
4.12 Poincaré Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
4.13 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

5 Invariant Manifolds 159


5.1 Stable and Unstable Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
5.2 Heteroclinic Orbits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
5.3 Stable Manifolds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
5.4 Local Stable Manifold Theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
5.5 Global Stable Manifolds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
5.6 Center Manifolds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
5.7 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185

6 The Phase Plane 189


6.1 Nonhyperbolic Equilibria in the Plane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
6.2 Two Zero Eigenvalues and Nonhyperbolic Nodes . . . . . . . . . . 190
6.3 Imaginary Eigenvalues: Topological Centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
6.4 Symmetries and Reversors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
6.5 Index Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
6.6 Poincaré–Bendixson Theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
6.7 Liénard Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
6.8 Behavior at Infinity: The Poincaré Sphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
6.9 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

7 Chaotic Dynamics 233


7.1 Chaos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
7.2 Lyapunov Exponents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
7.3 Strange Attractors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
7.4 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254

8 Bifurcation Theory 257


8.1 Bifurcations of Equilibria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
8.2 Preservation of Equilibria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
8.3 Unfolding Vector Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
8.4 Saddle-Node Bifurcation in One Dimension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
8.5 Normal Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
8.6 Saddle-Node Bifurcation in n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
8.7 Degenerate Saddle-Node Bifurcations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
8.8 Andronov–Hopf Bifurcation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
8.9 The Cusp Bifurcation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
8.10 Takens–Bogdanov Bifurcation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
8.11 Homoclinic Bifurcations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
8.12 Melnikov’s Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
Contents ix

8.13 Melnikov’s Method for Nonautonomous Perturbations . . . . . . 302


8.14 Shilnikov Bifurcation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
8.15 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313

9 Hamiltonian Dynamics 319


9.1 Conservative Dynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
9.2 Volume-Preserving Flows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
9.3 Hamiltonian Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
9.4 Poisson Dynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326
9.5 The Action Principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328
9.6 Poincaré Invariant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
9.7 Lagrangian Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
9.8 The Calculus of Variations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
9.9 Equivalence of Hamiltonian and Lagrangian Mechanics . . . . . . . 343
9.10 Linearized Hamiltonian Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
9.11 Krein Collisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
9.12 Integrability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
9.13 Nearly Integrable Dynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353
9.14 Onset of Chaos in Two Degrees of Freedom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356
9.15 Resonances: Single Wave Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
9.16 Resonances: Multiple Waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
9.17 Resonance Overlap and Chaos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
9.18 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369

A Mathematical Software 375


A.1 Vector Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375
A.2 Matrix Exponentials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376
A.3 Lyapunov Exponents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376
A.4 Bifurcation Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
A.5 Poincaré Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379

Bibliography 381

Index 389

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