NOTES DISCIPLINE AND IDEAS IN APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCES

A. Definition of Social Sciences- Study of human society

A.1. Branches of Social Sciences?

1. Economics is a branch of Social Science which deals with the proper allocation and efficient use
of available resources for the maximum satisfaction of human wants.

2. Anthropology –branch of knowledge which deals with the scientific study of man, his works, his
body, his behaviour and values.

3. Sociology-

4. Political Science-systematic study of state and government.

5. History - Systematic inquiry of man’s recorded past for the purpose of establishing causal
relationships, validating historical facts, and reconstruction of chronological events

6. Micro economics-

7. Linguistics-a branch of anthropology which refers to the systematic study of recorded and
unrecorded languages all over the world.

8. Archeology-branch of anthropology which deals with the study of man’s culture and society in
the past, as far back in time as prehistoric times.

9. Psychology-Study of behavior and mental processes

B. Applied Social Sciences-Application of social science theories, concepts, methods, and findings
to problems identified in the wider society.

B.1. Branches of Applied Social Sciences

1. Counseling

2. Social Works- A profession promotes social change, problem solving in human relationship and
empowerment and liberation of people to enhance well-being

3. Communication

C. Which is common to Social Science and Applied Social Science?

a. Both are sciences

b. both subject human being

D. Differences between Social Science and Applied Social Science

Social sciences Applied Social Sciences

Experiment and prove concepts, theories Used concepts, theories of social sciences
laboratory Field application

Static dynamic

Branches Psychology, sociology, linquistics etc Counseling, social works, communication etc.

Self-awareness Social benefit function

1. Counseling

-Process of guiding a person during a stage of life when reassessment or decisions have to be made
about himself or herself and his or her life course.

- which offers guidance to individuals in varying situations, conflicts, confusion and crisis and provides
the tools for the individual to address issues of self-development.

Myth in counseling?

a. Part of disciplinary action

b. Those who seek counseling has mental illness

c. Advice giving only

Scope of counseling includes personal, emotional and cognitive problems and others except clinical
illness.

Principles in Counseling

1. Advice must avoid breeding a relationship in which the counselee feels inferior and emotionally
dependent on the counselor

2. Reassurance can bring about a sense of relief that may empower a client to function normally
again

3. Empathy requires the counselor to listen and understand the feelings and perspective of the
client

4. Listening Skills helps counselors to understand the client’s concerns without making
interpretations or offering any premature suggestions on how to deal with and solve them

5. Reorientation -involves a change to client’s emotional self through change in basic goals and
aspirations

6. Clarified thinking which encourages a client to accept responsibility for problems and to be more
realistic in solving them

7. Clarification-the counselor attempts to restate what the client is either saying or feeling so the
client may learn something or understand the issue better

Logical sequence of the basic counseling process

1. Developing trust

2. Exploring problem areas

3. Helping to set goals

4. Empowering into action

5. Helping to maintain change

6. Agreeing when to end

Roles of a Guidance Counsel- Providing guidance to youth at critical moments of their growth, Assist the
person or persons in realizing a change in behavior or attitude, Assist them to find help, and others

Ethical Principles of Guidance counselors

1.Respect for the rights and dignity of the client

-Honor and promote the fundamental rights , moral and cultural values,dignity, and worth of clients.

-Respect clients rights to privacy, confidentiality, self-determination and autonomy, consistent with law.

2. Competence

-Maintain and update their professional skills,

-Recognize the limits of their expertise, engage in self-care and seek support and supervision to maintain
the standard of their work.

-Offer only services for which they are qualified by education, training, and experience.

3. Responsibility

-Awares of professional responsibility to act in trustworthy, reputable and accountable manner toward
clients, colleagues and the community in which they work and live.

4.Integrity

-Represent themselves accurately and treat others with honesty, straightforwardness and fairness.

-Deal with conflicts of interest, avoid exploiting others, and are alert to inappropriate behavior on the
part of colleagues.

Method and processes of counseling

1. Needs assessment
2. Intervention/Program Design
3. Implementation
 4. Monitoring
5. Evaluation

Methods of Counseling
1. Psychodynamic Approach
a. -it stresses out the of the unconscious and past experiences in shaping behavior.
b. Client is encouraged to talk about childhood relationships with parents and other
significant people
2. Experiential Approach
3. Cognitive-Behavioral Approach
a. Combination of cognitive and behavioral techniques
b. Clients are taught ways to change thoughts and expectations and relaxation
techniques are used.
4. Eclectic Approach
a. a combination of approaches
b. Will select from a number of different approaches appropriate to the client needs.
c. Based on the theory that there is no proof that any one theoretical approach works
better that all others for a specific problem

Social work profession promotes social change, problem solving in human relationships and
empowerment and liberation of people to enhance well-being

Aimed at achieving social justice, fairness, attainment of social equilibrium

Theoretical state of balance in a social system referring both to an internal balance between interrelated
social phenomena and to the external relationship the system maintains with the environment

Human rights- rights that belong to an individual or group of individuals as a consequence of being
human

Social Justice-is the ideal society to be attained by the promotion of the welfare of the people through
humanization of laws and equalization of social economic forces and benefits

Goals and scope of social work

Empower people individually and collectively to utilize their own problem solving and coping capabilities
more effectively

Support proactive position with regard to social and economic policy development to prevent problems
for individuals and society from occurring.

Uphiold the integrity of the profession in all aspects of social work practice.

Establish linkages between people and societal resources to further social functioning and enhance the
quality of life
Develop cooperative networks within the institutional resources system

Facilitate the responsiveness of the institutional resources system to meet health and human service
needs

Promote social justice and equality of all people with regardto full participation in society

Contribute to the development of knowledge to social work profession through research and evaluation

Encourage exchange of informations in those institutionsal systems in which both problems and
resource opportunities are produced

Enhance communication through an appreciation of diversity and through ethnically sensitive non
sexual social work practice

Employ educational strategies for the prevention and resolutionsof problems

Enhance world view of human issues and solutions to problems

PRINCIPLES OF SOCIAL WORKS

1. Principles relative respect for Human rights

a. Upholding and promoting human dignity and well-being
b. Respecting the right to self-determination
c. Promoting the right of participation
d. Creating a person as a whole
e. Identifying and developing strengths
2. Principles relative to social Justice
a. Challenging discriminations
b. Recognizing diversity
c. Distributimg resources
d. Challenging unjust policies and practices
e. Working in solidarity
3. Principles relative to Professional Integrity
a. Upholding the values and reputation of the profession
b. Being trustworthy
c. Maintaining professional boundaries
d. Making considered professional judgments
e. Being professionally accountable

Areas of Specializations of Social Workers

1. Family and child welfare

2. Health
3. Mental health
4. Corrections
5. Schools

Work Opportunities of Social workers

 1. Volunteers
2. Administrators, supervisors, planners, researchers, teachers,
3. Child welfare administration and elderly work services.

Rights, Responsibilities, and Accountabilities of Social Worker

1. Rights
To fulfill the professional mandate and to live by the values
2. Responsibilities
Cover those pertain in the dispensation of the basic function, roles, professional
standards and adherence to the local and international code of ethics,
3.Accountabilities
To the clients, colleagues, employers, professional associations, and to the law.

Communication focuses on how people use messages to generate meanings within and across
various contexts, and is the discipline that studies all forms, modes, media, and consequences of
communication through humanistic, social scientific, and aesthetic inquiry.

Goals of communication-to disseminate information, to educate, to create change in the society

Basic elements of communication process

1. Sender—receiver
2. Message
3. Channels
4. Feedback
5. Noise
6. Context