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DIPLOMA IN REFRIGERATION AND AIR-CONDITIONING
MODULE I
SEMESTER I EXAMINATONS
ACADEMIC YEAR 2023/24
TIME: 3 Hours
TMER 1105 ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS I
INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATES
You should have the following for examination:
Answer booklet;
Mathematical table/Non-programmable scientific calculator;
Drawing instrument
This paper consists of EIGHT questions.
Answer any FIVE questions in the answer booklet provided.
All questions carry equal marks.
Maximum marks for each part of a question are as indicated.
Candidates should answer the questions in English.
This paper consists of 10 printed pages.
Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are
printed as indicated and that no questions are missing.
Turn over
© Multimedia University of Kenya TVET Institute
QUESTION ONE (20 marks)
(a) Define the following terms as used in indices
(i) Indices
(1 mark)
Powers to which numbers are raised.
(ii) Base
(1 mark)
Number that is raised to certain power.
(b) Simplify the following expression leaving your answer with positive indices
4 −2 −3
2 ×3 ×5
(i) −3 4
2 ×3 ×5
2

(3 marks)

( )( )( )
4 −2 −3
2 3 5
¿ −3 4 2
2 3 5

¿ (2
4 +3
( 3 )( 5 )
) 14+2 1
2 +3

7
2
6 5
3 ×5

( 12 x )4Z
2 −1 −1
3 3 2
y
(ii) −4 1 1
3
6x y 12 Z 4
(3 marks)

( )( )( )
2 −1 −1

( 126× 4 ) xx
3 3 2
y Z
¿ −4 1 1
3 12
y Z4

( )( )
2 4
+ 1 1
¿8 x3 3
1 1 1 1
+ +
12 3 4 2
y Z

( )( )
2 1 1
¿8 x 5 3
12 4
y Z

Page 2 of 10
 2
8x
¿ 5 3
y 12 Z 4

(c) Solve for y in the equations

(i) 22 y =16 y+3
(3 marks)
2y 4 ( y+ 3)
2 =2
2y 4 y+12
2 =2
2 y=4 y +12
2 y=−12
y=−6

y+2 3y 1
(ii) 8 +2 =32
2
(3 marks)

3y 65
23 ( y+2) +2 =
2
3 y+ 6 3y 65
2 +2 =
2
65
2 ( 2 ) +2 =
6 3y 3y
2
65
64 ( 2 ) + ( 2 )=
3y 3y
2
65
65 ( 2 ) =
3y
2
3y 1
2 =
2
3y −1
2 =2
3 y=−1
−1
y=
3
(d) Solve the equations

Page 3 of 10
 22 x =4 ( 2 x ) +3
(6 marks)

22 x =4 ( 2 x ) +3
2
( 2 x ) =4 ( 2x ) +3
2
( 2 x ) −4 ( 2x ) −3=0
Let y=2x , so we have
2
y −4 y−3=0
4 ± √ 42 +4 ×1 ×3
y=
2
4 ± √28
y=
2
4 ± 2 √7
¿
2
¿ 2 ± √7
y=4.64575
OR
y=−0.64575

x
y=2 =4.64575
xlog 2=log 4.64575

log 4.64575
x=
log 2
¿ 2.2159

Page 4 of 10
QUESTION TWO (20 marks)

( )
9
2 1
(a) Determine the term independent of x in the binomial expansion of x − (4
2x
marks)

Any term of the expansion is given by

( ) ( )
r r
n−r −1 −1 2 n−3 r
Cr ( x )
n 2 n
. = . Cr x
2x 2
The term independent of x in the binomial expansion is given by

( ) ( )
r r
n −1 2 n−3r n −1 0
Cr
. x = .C r x
2 2
Comparing powers of x
2 n−3 r 0
x =x
2 n−3 r =0
3 r=2n
2n
r=
3
2× 9
¿
3
r =6
The r+1 term (7th term) is independent of x
We have

( ) ( )
6 6
9 −1 2 × 9−3 × 6 9! −1
C6
. x =
2 ( 9−6 ) ! 6 ! 2

( )
6
9 ×8 ×7 × 6 ! −1
¿
3! 6 ! 2
84
¿
64
21
¿
16

(b) (i) Find the first four terms of binomial expansion of

Page 5 of 10
 ( )
1
1
1+ x 2
2
1
1− x
2

( ) ( )
1 1
1 1
(Hint: Expand the numerator 1+ x 2 and denominator 1− x 2
keeping the
2 2
fraction.)
(4 marks)

( ) ( )
n ( n−1 ) 1
( )
n ( n−1 ) ( n−2 ) 1
( )
n 2 3
1 1
1+ x =1+n x + x + x +…
2 2 2 2 6 2

1 1
−1 ( ) 1 x + 12 ( 12 −1)( 12 −2) 1 x + …
( ) ( ) (2 ) (2 )
1 2 3
1 1 1 2 2
1+ x =1+ x +
2
2 2 2 2 6
2 3
x x x
¿ 1+ − + +…
4 16 32

( ) ( )
n ( n−1 ) −1
( )
n ( n−1 )( n−2 ) −1
( )
n 2 3
1 −1
1− x =1+n x + x + x +…
2 2 2 2 6 2

1 1
−1
1 1
( )
−1
1
−2 ( )( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 2
1 1 −1 2 2 −1 2 2 2 −1 3
1− x =1+ 2
x + x + x +…
2 2 2 2 2 6 2
2 3
x x x
¿ 1− − − +…
4 16 32

( )
1 1 x x2 x 3
1+ x 2 1+ − + + …
2 4 16 32
=
1 x x
2
x
3
1− x 1− − − +…
2 4 16 32

1 1
(ii) In your result above, set x= and determine the value of 7 2 correct to four decimal
4
places.

Page 6 of 10
 () () ()
2 3
1 1 1

( ) ()
1
1 1 4 4 4
1+ 2
1+ − + +…
2 4 4 16 32
=
1− ( ) () () ()
2 3
1 1 1 1 1
2 4 4 4 4
1− − − +…
4 16 32

1 1 1
−1+ + +…
()
1
9 16 256 2048
= 2
7 1 1 1
1− − − +…
16 256 2048
1 1 1
−1+ + +…
3 16 256 2048
=
1
1 1 1
7 1− 16 − 256 − 2048 +…
2

1
7 =
2
(
3∗ 1−
1
−
1
−
16 256 2048
1
)
1 1 1
1+ − +
16 256 2048
¿ 2.64315

(4 marks)
(c) (i) Use the binomial theorem to expand the following up to the term with x 3
√ 1−2 x
(4 marks)

1
√ 1−2 x=( 1−2 x ) 2

1
1+ (−2 x )+
1 1
2 2( )
−1
2
(−2 x ) +
1 1
2 2
−1
1
2
−2 ( )( )
(−2 x )3 +…
2 2 6
2 3
x x
1−x + − +…
4 2
(ii) Hence evaluate √ 0.6 correct to four decimal places
(4 marks)
√ 1−2 x=√ 0.6
1−2 x=0.6
Page 7 of 10
 2 x=0.4
x=0.2
( 0.2 )2 ( 0.2 )3
√ 0.6=1−0.2+ − +…
4 2
0.04 0.008
¿ 1−0.2+ − +…
4 2
¿ 1−0.2+ 0.01−0.004 +…
¿ 0.8060

QUESTION THREE (20 marks)

(a) Define the following terms used in logarithms
(i) Mantissa
(1 mark)
Decimal part of the logarithm
(ii) Characteristic
(1 mark)
Integer part of the logarithm.
(b) Simplify the expressions
(i)
1
log625− log 25
2
1
log 125+¿ log 25 ¿
2
(3 marks)
1
log5 4− log 52
2
¿
1
log 53 +¿ log 52 ¿
2
4 log 5−log 5
¿
3 log 5+ ¿ log 5 ¿
3 log 5
¿
4 log 5

Page 8 of 10
 3
¿
4

(ii)

log 8 ( 12 )+log ( 161 ) 4

log 1 8+ ¿ log 4¿
(2 ) (161 )
(3 marks)

log (8 )+ log ( 4
−1

8
3
4
−2
)
¿
() ( )
−1 −1
1 1
log 1 3
+ ¿ log 2
¿
(2 ) 2 (161 ) 16

−1
log 8 8−2 log 4 4
3
¿
−1
3
log 1
1 1
− log 1 ()
(2 ) 2 2 (16 ) 16
1
( )
−1
−2
3
¿
−1 1
−
3 2

(¿ −73 )
( −56 )
7 6
¿ ×
3 5
14
¿
5
4
¿2
5

(c) Solve for x and y in the equations below

3 log 5 x−2 log 4 y=2
2 log 5 x+3 log 4 y=10
(4 marks)
Page 9 of 10
Let log 5 x be p and log 4 y be q
3 p−2 q=2
2 p +3 q=10

Using elimination
6 p−4 q=4
6 p+9 q=30
13 q=26
q=2
Substituting
3 p−2 q=2
3 p−4=2
3 p=6
p=2
p=log 5 x =2
2
x=5
x=25
q=log 4 y=2
2
y=4 =16
x=25 , y=16

(d) Solve the two equations

(i) log 2 ( x+ 1 )−log 2 x=log 2 ( x−1 )
(5 marks)

log 2 ( x +1x )=log ( x−1 )

2

x+1
=x−1
x
2
x +1=x −x
2
x −2 x−1=0

Page 10 of 10
 2± √ 4 +4
x=
2
2± √ 8
¿
2
¿ 1 ± √2
x=2.4142
OR
x=−0.4142

(ii) 3log 2 x+ log x 64=11

(6 marks)

6
3 log 2 x+ log x 2 =11
3 log 2 x+ 6 log x 2=11

3 log 2 x+ 6 ( 1
log 2 x )
=11

2
3 ( log 2 x ) +6=11 log 2 x
2
3 ( log 2 x ) −11 log 2 x +6=0

11± √121−4 ×3 × 6
log 2 x=
6
11± √ 121−72
¿
6
11± √ 49
¿
6
11±7
¿
6
log 2 x=3
3
x=2 =8
OR

Page 11 of 10
 2
log 2 x=
3

2 1
3 3
x=2 =4 =1.5874

QUESTION FOUR (20 marks)

(a) Reduce the following equation to simplest form

−1 1
x2 ( x 2+ 1 ) 2 −( x 2 +1 ) 2
x2
(2 marks)

( )
−1 1
1 2 2
¿ 2 x ( x +1 ) −( x +1 )
2 2 2

( )
2 1
1 x
¿ 2 1
−( x +1 )
2 2

x
( x +1 )
2 2

(
1 x −( x +1 )
)
2 2
¿
x2 1
( x +1 ) 2
2

( )
1 −1
¿ 2 1
x
( x 2+1 ) 2
−1
¿ 1
x ( x + 1)
2 2 2

(b) Reduce the following equation to the form a x 2 +bx +c=0

1 1
+ =1
x−2 x−1
(2 marks)
1+ ( x−2 )
=1
( x−2 ) ( x −1 )

Page 12 of 10
 x−1
2
=1
x −3 x +2
2
x−1=x −3 x +2
2
x −4 x+3=0

(d) Use completing square method to solve your reduced equation in part (b) above
(3 marks)

2
x −4 x+3=0
2
x −4 x=−3
2 2 2
x −4 x+ (−2 ) =−3+ (−2 )
( x−2 )2=−3+4
( x−2 )2=1
x−2=±1
x=2 ± 1
x=1
OR
x=3

(e) Quadratic graph is given by y=− x2 + x +6 for −4 ≤ x ≤ 4 .

(i) Fill in the blank spaces in table below for the values of x and y
x -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
2
−x -16 -9 -4 -1 0 -1 -4 -9 -16
x -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
y -14 -6 0 4 6 6 4 0 -6
(4 marks)
In your graph paper, plot the graph of y=− x2 + x +6 in graph paper provided at the end of
this question. Attach it to your answer sheet.
Page 13 of 10
 (3 marks)
Use graph to solve the equations
(i) x 2−x=6
2
y=− x + x +6
2
0=−x + x +6
y=0
Line y=0 meets the curve at
x=−2
OR

x=3

(2 marks)
(ii) x 2+ 5 x +6=0

2
y=− x + x +6
2
0=−x −5 x−6
y=6 x +12
x -1 0 1
y 6 12 18

Plotting line y=6 x +12 meets the curve at

x=−2
OR

x=−3

(2 marks)
2
(iii) 2 x +7 x +3=0

(2 marks)
2
x + 3.5 x +1.5=0
Page 14 of 10
 2
−x −3.5 x−1.5=0

2
y=− x + x +6
2
0=−x −3.5 x−1.5
y=4.5 x+7.5
2 y=9 x +15

x -1 0 1
y 3 7.5 12

Line 2 y=9 x +15 meets the curve at

−1
x=
2
OR

x=−3

Graph Paper for Question 4(e)

Page 15 of 10
QUESTION FIVE (20 marks)
(a) (i) Define the term simultaneous equations

Page 16 of 10
 (2 marks)
Set of equations that share variables and can be solved concurrently
(ii) Differentiate substitution method from elimination method of solving
simultaneous equations
(2 marks)
Substitution method involves substituting one equation into another, while the elimination
method involves adding or subtracting the equations to eliminate one variable;

(b) A mechanical system is kept in equilibrium using three forces F 1, F2 and F3 in

Newtons as given in the simultaneous equations. Solve for each of the forces using
substitution method.
3 F1 +2 F 2−F3=11
2 F1 + F 2+ 2 F 3=14
F 1−F2−F 3=−5
(7 marks)
Make F 1 the subject of the Equation 3
F 1=F2 + F 3−5
Substitute F 1 into the two remaining equations
3 ( F 2+ F 3−5 )+ 2 F 2−F 3=11
5 F2 +2 F3 =26
2 ( F2 + F 3−5 ) + F 2 +2 F 3=14
3 F2 + 4 F3 =24
Make F 2 the subject
5 F2 =−2 F 3 +26
−2 26
F 2= F3 +
5 5

3 ( −25 F + 265 )+ 4 F =24

3 3

( −65 +4 ) F =24− 785

3

Page 17 of 10
 −6+20 120−78
F 3=
5 5
14 F 3=42
F 3=3
−2 26
F 2= F3 +
5 5
2 26
¿− ( 3 ) +
5 5
−6+26
¿
5
20
¿
5
¿4
F 1=F2 + F 3−5
¿ 4 +3−5
¿2
F 1=2, F 2=4 , F 3=3

(c) Water flow in three pipes, P1, P2 and P3 in litres satisfies the equations below:
4 P1−3 P2+ P 3=1
5 P1+ 4 P2−P 3=1 0
3 P1+ 2 P2 +2 P3=13

Use the method of elimination to determine the values P1, P2 and P3 of the water
flow.
(5 marks)
Eliminating P1 in Equations 1 and 2
20 P1−15 P2 +5 P 3=5
20 P1 +16 P2−4 P 3=4 0
−31 P2 +9 P3=−35

12 P1 −9 P 2+3 P3 =3
12 P 1+ 8 P2 +8 P3 =52
17 P2 +5 P 3=49

Page 18 of 10
Eliminating P2
−155 P2 +45 P3=−175
153 P2+ 45 P3=441
308 P2 =616
P2=2

17 P2 +5 P 3=49
5 P3=49−17 P2
5 P3=49−34
5 P3=15
P3=3
3 P1+ 2 P2 +2 P3=13

3 P1=13−( 2 P 2+2 P3 )
¿ 13− ( 4+ 6 )
¿3
P1=1
P1=1, P2=2 and P3=3

(d) Three mixtures A, B and C were made from three different materials P, Q and R of
different densities as shown below.
Mixture Material mixing Mass (g)
A 100 cm3each of P, Q and R mixed together 1600
B 100 cm3 of P is added to 200 cm3Q and 300 2800
3
cm of R
C 100 cm3 of P is added to 300 cm3of Q and 3800
100cm3 of R

Determine the density in g/cm3 of each of the materials P, Q and R

(8 marks)

Page 19 of 10
 100 P+100 Q+100 R=1600
100 P+200 Q+300 R=2800
100 P+300 Q+100 R=3800

The equations become in g/cm3

P+Q+ R=16
P+2 Q+3 R=28
P+3 Q+ R=38
Solving by elimination method
P+Q+ R=16
P+2 Q+3 R=28
Q+2 R=12

P+Q+ R=16
P+3 Q+ R=38
2 Q=22
Q=11
P+ R=16−Q
P+ R=5
P+3 R=28−2 Q
P+3 R=6
Eliminating P
P+ R=5
P+3 R=6
2 R=1

1
R=
2
P=5−R
¿ 4.5
3
P=4.5 g/cm
3
Q=11 g /cm
3
R=0.5 g /cm

Page 20 of 10
QUESTION SIX (20 marks)
(a) Define the following terms
(i) Complex number
(1 mark)
A complex number is an element of a number system that extends the real numbers with a
specific element denoted i, called the imaginary unit, and satisfying the equation i^2 = -1.
(ii) Argand diagram
(1 mark)
An Argand diagram is a geometric plot of complex numbers as points z=x +iy using the x-axis
as the real axis and the y-axis as the imaginary axis.
(iii) Argument
(1 mark)
The angle inclined from the real axis in the direction of the complex number represented on the
complex plane.
(b) If 𝒂=𝟐−𝟑𝒊, 𝒃=𝟑+𝟒𝒊 and 𝒄=−𝟐−𝒊, work out the following and give your answer in
form of 𝒙+𝒚𝒊
(i)
a−c
(i) 𝒂−𝒄𝒃
b
2−3 i−(−2−i )
¿
3+ 4 i
(3 marks)
4−2 i
¿
3+4 i
( 4−2 i )( 3−4 i )
¿
( 3+4 i ) ( 3−4 i )
4−22 i
¿
25
4 22
¿ − i
25 25

Page 21 of 10
 bc+ a
(ii)
a
( 3+4 i ) (−2−i ) + ( 2−3i )
¿
2−3 i
−6−3 i−8i+ 4+2−3i
¿
2−3 i
¿−14𝑖2+3𝑖2−3𝑖2+3𝑖
−14 i ( 2+3 i )
¿
( 2−3 i )( 2+3 i )
42−28 i
¿
13
42 28
¿ − i
13 13

(3 marks)
ac
(iii) Work out and sketch your answer in Argand diagram
b

( 2−3 i )(−2−i )
¿
3+ 4 i
−4−2 i+ 6 i−3
¿
3+ 4 i
(−7+4 i )( 3−4 i )
¿
( 3+4 i ) ( 3−4 i )
−21+ 2 8i+12 i+1 6
¿
25
−5+40 i
¿
25

¿−0.2+1.6 i

Page 22 of 10
 (5 marks)
(c ) Convert:
(i) r =3(1+2 sin θ) to Cartesian form
To convert the polar equation r=3(1+2 sin θ) to Cartesian form, we need to use the following
identities:

x=r cos θ
y=r sin θ
r ²=x ²+ y ²

Substituting r = 3(1+2 sinθ) into the second identity, we get:

y=3 (1+2 sinθ)sin θ

y=3 sin θ+ 6 sin ² θ

Page 23 of 10
Using the double angle formula, sin² θ = (1 - cos 2θ)/2, we can rewrite this as:

y=3 sin θ+ 3−3 cos 2 θ

y−3=3 sin θ−3cos 2θ

Squaring both sides, we obtain:

( y−3) ²=9(sin ²θ +cos ² θ−2 sinθ cos 2θ)

( y−3)²=9(1−2 sinθ cos 2θ)

Using the identity, cos 2θ = cos² θ - sin² θ, we can simplify this further:

( y−3) ²=9(1−2 sinθ (cos ² θ−sin ² θ))

( y−3)²=9(1−2 sinθ cos ² θ+2 sin ³ θ)

Substituting x = r cos θ and r² = x² + y² into the last expression, we get:

( y−3) ²=9(1−(2 x / y)(x ² /(x ² + y ²))+(2 x / y ) ³)

( y−3)²=9(1−(2 x ³/ y (x ²+ y ²))+(8 x ³/ y ³))

Multiplying both sides by y³(x² + y²), we finally arrive at the Cartesian form:

y ³ (x ²+ y ²)( y−3)²=9 y ³ (x ²+ y ²)−18 x ³ y +72 x ³

(3 marks)
2 2
(ii) x − y =2 to polar form
(3 marks)
2 2
x − y =2
2 2 2 2
r cos θ−r sin θ=2
2 2
r= 2 2
cos θ−sin θ

Page 24 of 10
 2 2
r=
cos 2 θ

2
r =2 sec2 θ
r =√ 2 sec2 θ

QUESTION SEVEN (20 marks)

3 5
(a) Given that sin A= and cos B= , where A is obtuse and B is acute, determine
5 13
i. cosec ( A+ B )
(3 marks)
sin B=√ 1−co s 2 B

√ ( )
2
5
¿ 1−
13
12
¿
13

Since A is obtuse, we have:

cos A=−√ 1−si n2 A

√ ()
2
3
¿− 1−
5
4
¿−
5

Next, we can use the identity for sin(A+B) to find its value:

sin( A +B)=sin A cos B +cos A sin B

3 5 −4 12
¿( )( )+( )( )
5 13 5 13
15 48
¿ −
65 65
33
¿−
65

Page 25 of 10
Then, we can use the identity for cosec x to find the value of cosec(A+B):

1
cosec ( A+ B ) =
sin ( A+ B )
1
¿
( )
−33
65
65
¿−
33

ii. tan2 A
(2 marks)

2 tan A
tan2 A= 2
1−ta n A

¿
2 ( cos A )
sin A

1−(
cos A )
2
sin A

2
( 5)
3

¿
( −4
5 )

( 5)
2
3
1−
( −45 )
2

(¿ −64 )
( 167 )
24
¿−
7

(b) Prove the identities below

Page 26 of 10
 2
1+ tan θ
i. sec 2 θ= 2
1−tan θ
(3 marks)
1
¿
cos 2 θ
1
¿ 22
cos θ−sin θ
2 2
cos θ+sin θ
¿ 2 2
cos θ−sin θ
Dividing by cos 2 θ in the numerator and denominator
2
1+ta n θ
¿ 2
1−ta n θ
OR
2
1+ tan θ
sec 2 θ= 2
1−tan θ
2
si n θ
1+ 2
cos θ
¿ 2
si n θ
1− 2
cos θ
cos2 θ+si n2 θ
cos 2 θ
¿
cos 2 θ−sin 2 θ
2
cos θ
2 2
cos θ+ si n θ
¿ 2 2
cos θ−si n θ
1
¿ 2 2
cos θ−si n θ

1
¿
cos 2 θ
¿ sec2 θ

1−cos 2 θ
ii. =tan θ
sin 2θ
(3 marks)

Page 27 of 10
 2 2
1−cos θ+ sin θ
=tan θ
2 sin θcosθ
2 2 2 2
cos θ+sin θ−cos θ+sin θ
¿
2 sinθcosθ
2
2 sin θ
¿
2sin θcosθ
sin θ
¿
cos θ
¿ tanθ
OR
sinθ
tanθ=
cos θ

2
sin θ
¿
sin θcosθ
2
2 sin θ
¿
2sin θcosθ
2 2 2 2
cos θ+sin θ−cos θ+sin θ
¿
2 sinθcosθ
2 2
1−cos θ+ sin θ
¿
2 sin θcosθ

2 2
1−(cos θ−sin θ)
¿
sin 2 θ
1−cos 2 θ
¿
sin2 θ

A
iii. Prove that tan =cosec A−cot A
2
(4 marks)
1 cos A
¿ −
sin A sin A
1−cos A
¿
sin A

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 A 2 2 A
1−cos + sin
2 2
¿
A A
2 sin cos
2 2
2 A 2 A 2 A 2 A
cos +sin −cos + sin
2 2 2 2
¿
A A
2 sin cos
2 2

A
sin
2
¿
A
cos
2
A
¿ tan
2
OR
A
sin
A 2
tan =
2 A
cos
2
2 A
sin
2
¿
A A
sin cos
2 2
A
2 sin2
2
¿
A A
2sin cos
2 2

A 2
2sin
2
¿
sin A
2 A 2 A 2 A 2 A
cos +sin + sin −cos
2 2 2 2
¿
sin A
2 A 2 A
1+ sin −cos
2 2
¿
sin A

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 ¿
(
1− cos2
A
2
−sin2
A
2 )
sin A
1−cos A
¿
sin A
¿ cosec A−cot A

(c) Solve the equation sin ( x +20o ) cos ( x−20o ) =0.6, for values of x between 0o and 360o,
inclusive.
(5 marks)

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