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BIT4215 Assignment 1

The document describes an assignment for a microprocessors course. It includes two questions, the first asking to describe advanced features of 8086 Intel family processors, listing several features like an instruction queue, 16-bit architecture, different frequency versions, two stage pipelining, and interrupts. The second question asks to describe reasons for preferring a 64-bit processor architecture over 32-bit, noting things like 64-bit allowing more RAM and virtual memory allocation while being more efficient and secure, but also potential driver issues.

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10 views

BIT4215 Assignment 1

The document describes an assignment for a microprocessors course. It includes two questions, the first asking to describe advanced features of 8086 Intel family processors, listing several features like an instruction queue, 16-bit architecture, different frequency versions, two stage pipelining, and interrupts. The second question asks to describe reasons for preferring a 64-bit processor architecture over 32-bit, noting things like 64-bit allowing more RAM and virtual memory allocation while being more efficient and secure, but also potential driver issues.

Uploaded by

gichongevictor
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BIT4215: MICROPROCESSORS APPLICATION

ASSIGNMENT 1 (10 Marks)

1. Citing relevant examples Describe advanced features found in 8086 Intel family
processors

 It has an instruction queue, which is capable of storing six instruction bytes from
the memory resulting in faster processing.

 It was the first 16-bit processor having 16-bit ALU, 16-bit registers, internal data
bus, and 16-bit external data bus resulting in faster processing.
 It is available in 3 versions based on the frequency of operation:
- 8086 -> 5MHz
- 8086-2 ->8MHz
- (c)8086-1 ->10 MHz
 It uses two stages of pipelining, i.e. Fetch Stage and Execute Stage, which improves
performance.
 Fetch stage can pre fetch up to 6 bytes of instructions and stores them in the queue.
 Execute stage executes these instructions.
 It has 256 vectored interrupts.
 It consists of 29,000 transistors.
2. Describe reasons why one would prefer to use x64 bits processors architecture
rather x86 bits processors
Number of bits 32 64
Architecture and Software 32-bit architecture is based 64-bit architecture is based
Description on registers, address or on registers, address or
data buses 32 bits (4 data buses 64 bits (8
octets) wide. For software, octets) wide. For software,
32-bit typically means use 64-bit means code use
of 32-bit linear address with 64-bit virtual memory
space. addresses.
Compatibility 32-bit operating systems 64-bit OS requires 64-bit
(OS) and applications CPU, and 64-bit
require 32-bit CPUs applications need a 64-bit
OS and CPU
Systems Available All editions of Windows 8, XP Professional, Windows
Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows 7,
Vista, and Windows XP, Windows 8, as well as Mac
Linux OS X and Linux
Memory Limits 32-bit systems are limited 64-bit systems allow up to
to 3.2 Gigabytes (GB) of 17 Billion GB of RAM
RAM 32 bit Windows with
address limitation do not
attain to a full 4GB. It's
hardware dependent,
typically 3.25GB.
Pros Fewer issues, more widely More RAM access
compatible • More efficiency
• More virtual memory
allocation
• More security features
Cons Less RAM access, less Possible driver
memory, less efficiency, compatibility
fewer security features • Some motherboard RAM
limits
• Legacy issues

64-bit processors are exponentially more powerful than their 32-bit counterparts, because they can hold
and process so much more information.

The 64-bit version of Windows handles large amounts of random access memory (RAM) more
effectively than a 32-bit system.
1. Using a well labeled diagram , draw a diagram of block of PCI interfaces and explain
functional components of PCI

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