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Measurement and Simulation of the Shielding Effectiveness of

Materials Using the ASTM D4935 Flanged Coaxial Transmission Line

Presentation · November 2018

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Measurement and Simulation of the Shielding Effectiveness of Materials
Using the ASTM D4935 Flanged Coaxial Transmission Line
Hugo Tavares – Instituto de Soldadura e Qualidade, EMC Laboratory
Margarida Pinto, Nelson Matos – Instituto de Soldadura e Qualidade, Research & Development
Guadalupe Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez – Airbus Defence and Space, Computational Electromagnetics, TEAYX – EME & Antennas Systems Engineering

TEMM/CNME 2018 Conference, Porto, Portugal

4-7 November 2018

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Summary
1. Shielding Effectiveness of a Material
2. Measurement Methods Review
3. ASTM D4935 Measurement: Theory and Practice
4. EM3D Rig Modelling and SE Simulation
5. Conclusions and Future Works
6. Q&A

2
1. Shielding Effectiveness of a Material
2. Measurement Methods Review
3. ASTM D4935 Measurement: Theory and Practice
4. EM3D Rig Modelling and SE Simulation
5. Conclusions and Future Works
6. Q&A

3
Shielding Effectiveness of a Material
1. Macroscopic property

2. Defined for both Electric & Magnetic fields

3. Depends on:
i. frequency, polarization, incidence angle…
ii. thickness: d
iii. properties: σ, ε, μ
iv. application: near/far-field

4. Next generation airframes

have changed very good
conductors with CFCs…

4
Shielding Effectiveness of a Material…
Generic SE Definition

𝐸0 𝐸0
𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟: 𝑆𝐸𝐸 = 𝐷𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑠: 𝑆𝐸𝐸 = 20 𝑙𝑜𝑔
𝐸𝑠 𝐸𝑠
𝐻0 𝐻0
𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟: 𝑆𝐸𝐻 = 𝐷𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑠: 𝑆𝐸𝐻 = 20 𝑙𝑜𝑔
𝐻𝑠 𝐻𝑠

5
Shielding Effectiveness of a Material…
Shielding Mechanisms on Homogeneous Materials
1. Reflection Loss Incident shielding
wave
material
σ
𝑆𝐸𝑑𝐵 ≈ 𝑅𝑚 ≈ 168 + 10 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑓 𝑑, σ, {ε, μ}
1 Refracted wave
𝑅𝑠 = Ω/square
σ𝑑 Reflected
wave Transmitted
Internal wave
2. Other losses reflection

i. absorption – heat dissipation

ii. multiple reflections – mismatch 2nd Reflected
wave
on air/material interfaces
Internal
iii. reflection loss is the dominant mechanism in reflection
good conductors
iv. assumes 𝑑 ≫ δ air air

6
1. Shielding Effectiveness of a Material
2. Measurement Methods Review
3. ASTM D4935 Measurement: Theory and Practice
4. EM3D Rig Modelling and SE Simulation
5. Conclusions and Future Works
6. Q&A

7
Measurement Methods Review
MIL-STD-285: update IEEE 299Disadvantages
o resonant behaviour – RAMs or resonance analysis
o LUF is relatively high – hundreds of MHz
o low sensitivity and dynamic range for high SE materials
o repeatability: calibration and diffraction issues
o long measurement time due to
sample fitting mechanisms Linear
TX Homogeneous RX
1. Advantage Isotropic
Infinite length
o highly broadband: tens of GHz

2. Used to characterize
o gaskets
shielded enclosure
o material panels

8
Measurement Methods Review
MIL-STD-285: update IEEE 299…
1. Disadvantages
o resonant behaviour – RAMs or resonance analysis
o LUF is relatively high – hundreds of MHz
o low sensitivity and dynamic range for high SE materials
o repeatability: calibration and diffraction issues
o long measurement time due to
sample fitting mechanisms

2. Advantage
o highly broadband: tens of GHz

3. Used to characterize
o gaskets
o material panels

9
Measurement Methods Review
MIL-STD-285: update IEEE 299…
1. Disadvantages
o resonant behaviour – add RAMs or resonance analysis
o LUF is relatively high – hundreds of MHz
o low sensitivity and dynamic range for high SE materials
o repeatability: calibration and diffraction issues
o long measurement time due to
sample fitting mechanisms

2. Advantage
o highly broadband: tens of GHz

3. Used to characterize
o gaskets
o material panels
o openings, doors and windows
o shielded enclosures

10
Measurement Methods Review…
ASTM ES7-83
1. Precursor to ASTM D4935

2. Main differences
o inner conductor solid, not flanged
o significantly lower dimensions

3. Two alternatives available

o flanged transmission line – mostly disbanded and replaced
o dual TEM cell – still in use

4. TL method had some drawbacks

o required cautious sample preparation
o contact resistance issues between sample/inner/outer waveguide → repeatability issues

11
Measurement Methods Review…
Other methods
1. Dual TEM Cell
o DC to hundred(s) of MHz
o Electric and Magnetic SE in one
measurement

2. TEM Cell Disturbance Method

3. GTEM Cell

4. Free Space Methods

5. Different Transmission Line Geometries/Designs ©Frankonia

12
1. Shielding Effectiveness of a Material
2. Measurement Methods Review
3. ASTM D4935 Measurement: Theory and Practice
4. EM3D Rig Modelling and SE Simulation
5. Conclusions and Future Works
6. Q&A

13
ASTM D4935 Measurement: Theory and Practice
Measurement Theory
1. Based on a 50 Ohm impedance flanged TL
o coaxial geometry → TEM mode of propagation

2. Transmission Line sections

o 3 sections: tapper adaptation, waveguide and flange
o tapered section to gradually adapt cable geometry
to flange geometry
o flange used to fit the sample(s)

3. Useable frequency
o up to first non-TEM mode, appx 1.5 GHz, depending on material
o smaller diameters: higher frequencies of non-TEM modes

4. sample fitted between inner/outer conductor areas

→ contact resistance error exists but minimized

14
ASTM D4935 Measurement: Theory and Practice
Measurement Theory…
5. Measurement system
o vector network analyser
o coaxial cables
o 10 dB attenuator pads (improve mismatch)
o measurement rig

6. Transmission line dimensions compromise

o sample machining diameter (inner disk critical)
o displacement current capacitance
o useable dimensions vs first TE/TM propagation mode

15
ASTM D4935 Measurement: Theory and Practice
Measurement Theory…
7. Calibration
o “reference sample” about 5 Ω/square → 𝑆𝐸 = −32 𝑑𝐵 ± 3 𝑑𝐵
o annular disk OD/ID = 133,1/76,2 mm
o disk D = 33 mm annular
disk
o 𝑆21 measured disk
o setup

“reference sample” of MUT

16
ASTM D4935 Measurement: Theory and Practice
Measurement Theory…
8. Sample measurement
o same dimensions as OD of annular disk
o averaging, sweep time, bandwidth/number of points and
other techniques used to improve the measurement accuracy

disk of MUT

17
ASTM D4935 Measurement: Theory and Practice
Measurement Theory…
9. Measurement setup

18
ASTM D4935 Measurement: Theory and Practice
Measurement Results

−29 𝑑𝐵

−32 ± 3 𝑑𝐵

−35 𝑑𝐵

19
1. Shielding Effectiveness of a Material
2. Measurement Methods Review
3. ASTM D4935 Measurement: Theory and Practice
4. EM3D Rig Modelling and SE Simulation
5. Conclusions and Future Works
6. Q&A

20
EM3D Rig Modelling and SE Simulation
Workflow
1. Definition of excitation ports
2. Propagation modes
3. Mesh verification
4. Mesh sensitivity vs size analysis
5. Truncation criteria

Material
1. Mesh verification
Rig Validation stack-up
Assembly 2. Mesh sensitivity vs size analysis
Modelling S11 & S21 and
3. S21 simulation assuming Ohmic
properties
Sheet material model
definition

Estimation of
Ω/square
and SE

21
EM3D Rig Modelling and SE Simulation
Workflow - Rig Modelling All brass except
PTFE supports

Centre conductor parts

Centre conductor assembly

External conductor parts

Final flange assembly – cut view

22
 EM3D Rig Modelling and SE Simulation
Workflow – Assembly and Validation

coaxial
waveguide
port
(input)

coaxial
waveguide
port
(output)

Note: Rig in back to back configuration to verify S21 and S11 parameters

23
EM3D Rig Modelling and SE Simulation
EM3D Model - Mesh

excitation higher density of mesh lines excitation

plane around the MUT section plane

24
EM3D Rig Modelling and SE Simulation
EM3D & Circuit Co-Simulation

25
EM3D Rig Modelling and SE Simulation
Simulation Results

−32 ± 3 𝑑𝐵

−35 𝑑𝐵

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1. Shielding Effectiveness of a Material
2. Measurement Methods Review
3. ASTM D4935 Measurement: Theory and Practice
4. EM3D Rig Modelling and SE Simulation
5. Conclusions and Future Works
6. Q&A

27
Conclusions and Future Works
1. Simulation was able to verify the rig performance
o VSWR, IL, standard SE of a golden sample (“reference sample”) with standard required
accuracy
o rig deemed validated under the scope of the material measurement program

2. Ohmic sheet material model has limitations

o Ohmic sheet model assumes no skin depth
o in practice, very thin metallization's require at least one structural dielectric layer
o displacement current effects not taken into account – low frequency effects
o high dielectric permittivity of dielectric slabs limits upper frequency results validity
o these types of EM structures are better modelled using thin panel models
o very fast estimation of SE performance over broadband range

3. Thin panel model improvements

o approaches better the behaviour of stratified materials
o these materials could be considered locally homogeneous – application of TLM method
o comparison with anisotropic CFC type materials currently ongoing

28
Q&A
Panel is welcome for question & answers and discussion…

This project has received funding from the Clean Sky 2 Joint Undertaking under the European
Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 807083,
caPAbilities for innovative Structural and functional teSting of AeROstructures - PASSARO

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