0% found this document useful (0 votes)
34 views3 pages

Summary

This document provides information about expressing hypotheses, quantifiers, conditionals, and cause and effect in advertising and consumer safety. It begins by outlining ways to express certainty, probability, possibility, and remote possibility using modal verbs like "will", "can", and "may". It then defines quantifiers and gives examples of how they can modify countable and uncountable nouns. The document also discusses the first conditional and how it is used to describe possible future events. Finally, it provides connectors like "because", "since", and "as a result" that can be used to express cause and the consequence or result of an action.

Uploaded by

amel amoula
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
34 views3 pages

Summary

This document provides information about expressing hypotheses, quantifiers, conditionals, and cause and effect in advertising and consumer safety. It begins by outlining ways to express certainty, probability, possibility, and remote possibility using modal verbs like "will", "can", and "may". It then defines quantifiers and gives examples of how they can modify countable and uncountable nouns. The document also discusses the first conditional and how it is used to describe possible future events. Finally, it provides connectors like "because", "since", and "as a result" that can be used to express cause and the consequence or result of an action.

Uploaded by

amel amoula
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Teacher : Berchou D

Safety First : Advertising , consumers and safety Miss.Berchou


1. Expressing hypotheses 3. Quantifiers English Arabic English Arabic
To express certainty we use: A quantifier is a word or phrase which is used before a Advertising ‫االشهار‬ Healthy ‫صحي‬
 Subject +Will + certainly + infinitive without noun to indicate the amount or quantity:‫عبارات للكمية و العدد‬ Advertisment ‫ اشهار‬/‫اعالن‬ Unhealthy ‫غير صحي‬
to 'Some', 'many', 'a lot of' and 'a few' are examples of Consumption ‫استهالك‬ Safe ‫آمن‬
quantifiers.
 I’m sure/ certain that + subject +Will+ Consumerism ‫استهالكية‬ Harmful ‫ مؤذي‬/‫ضار‬
Quantifiers can be used with both countable and
infinitive without to uncountable nouns. ‫تستعمل مع االسماء القابلة للعد و غير القابلة للعد‬ Consumer ‫مستهلك‬ Poisnous ‫سام‬
To express probability we use: Quantifiers/ With With With Customer ‫ زبون‬/‫عميل‬ Obesity ‫البدانة‬
 Subject +Will+ probably + infinitive without quantity countable uncountable both Safety ‫ االمان‬/ ‫السالمة‬ overweight ‫زيادة الوزن‬
to expression noun noun Organic food ‫االكل العضوي‬ Fast food ‫االكل السريع‬
 It is probable that + subject +Will + infinitive Much/too X Genetically ‫االكل المعدل‬
much
without to modified food ‫ وراثيا‬/‫جينيا‬
Little/ too X
To express possibility we use: little Processed ‫االكل المعالج‬ Eating ‫عادات االكل‬
 Subject +Can/ May + infinitive without to Many/too X
food habits
 It is possible that + subject +Will + infinitive many Ingredients ‫المكونات‬ Persuasion ‫االقناع‬
without to Few/too few X Flavourings ‫المنكهات‬ Influence ‫التأثير‬
 Subject +Will+ possibly + infinitive without A lot of X Colourings ‫الملونات‬ Farming ‫الزراعة‬
to Preservatives ‫المواد الحافظة‬ agriculture ‫الفالحة‬
Enough X
To express remote possibility we use: Additives ‫المواد المضافة‬ Food ‫التسمم الغذائي‬
A large X
 Subject + Might/Could + infinitive without number of
poisoning
to Genetic ‫الهندسة‬ Chemical ‫اثار كيميائية‬
A large X
2. The first Conditional: engineering ‫الوراثية‬ residues
amount of
It is formed by using " if " and the present simple A great many Shopping ‫التسوق‬ Brand ‫عالمة تجارية‬
X
and the future simple in the result clause . of Shopaholics ‫مدمني التسوق‬ Marketing ‫التسويق‬
Form: 4.. Expressing cause: Publicity ‫الدعاية‬ Goods ‫سلع‬
If + present simple , will/ shall + infinitive -The following connectors are used to express cause Nutrition ‫التغذية‬ Companies ‫شركات‬
This Conditional is used to describe possible things  Consequence + Since /because/as + Malnutrition ‫سوء التغذية‬ Promotion / ‫الترقية‬
that may happen in the Future . (subject +verb+object) +Cause ‫الترويج‬
Examples : Pesticides ‫المبيدات‬ Food ‫صناعة االكل‬
 -Because of
‫الحشرية‬ industries
 If you eat an apple every day, you will be -Due to + noun phrase
healthy. Fertilisers / ‫المخصبات‬ Products ‫المنتجات‬
-Owing to ‫اسمدة‬
 We ’ll burn calories if we run every morning Example: He is obese because he eats much fast food. Production ‫االنتاج‬ Burning ‫حرق السعرات‬
5. Expressing result ( consequence) Calories
Unless can be used in conditional sentence meaning As a result Management ‫التسيير‬ Shoppers ‫المتسوقين‬
except if , if …not Cause+ Consequently + Consequence Competition ‫المنافسة‬
Examples : If you eat an apple every day, you will Thus, therefore, so
be healthy.
Example: He eats much fast food; as a result, he is obese
Unless you eat an apple every day, you will not be
healthy.
Teacher : Berchou D It’s a Giant Leap for Mankind :Astronomy and the solar system Miss.Berchou
1. Conditional type2 “if” ‫الجمل الشرطية النوع الثاني‬ How + adj (long, wide, high, tall, far, deep, fast) English Arabic English Arabic
-This type of conditional is used to talk about unreal ………? Astronomy ‫علم الفلك‬ Discovery ‫اكتشاف‬
situations in the present. E;g. How far /distant is the Earth from the Astronomer ‫عالم فضاء‬ Exploration ‫استكشاف‬
moon? Planets ‫كواكب‬ Spaceship ‫سفينة فضاء‬
If + past simple, conditional (would + stem)
→ It is 384,400 km far. Metoers ‫نيازك‬ Space ‫السياحة‬
tourism ‫الفضائية‬
How deep is the Earth's crust?
Examples : Comets ‫مذنبات‬ Observatory ‫المرصد‬
 if I were you, I would go to the nearest
→ It is around 40 kilometers deep. Asteriod ‫كويكب‬ Atmosphere ‫الغالف الجوي‬
How fast is the Earth spinning every minute? Stars ‫نجوم‬ Astronaut ‫رائد فضاء‬
embassy.
 What would happen to us if a large
→ It is 27.7 km fast per minute at equator. Galaxy ‫مجرة‬ Orbit (n/v) ‫ يدور‬/‫مدار‬
B) We can also use what + a noun ( shape, size, Universe ‫الكون‬
asteroid smashed into the Earth? distance, weight, length, width, depth, height, Solar ‫نظام شمسي‬ Heavenly ‫اجسام سماوية‬
etc). system bodies
2. Expressing similarities and differences ‫التعبير‬ What size/ shape is….? What is the weight/ the Space ‫الفضاء‬ Collision ‫اصطدام‬
‫عن االختالف و التشابه‬ distance……..? Earth ‫كوكب االرض‬ Diameter ‫القطر‬
-A number of conjunctions and connectors are used 4.Asking questions in general Mars ‫كوكب المريخ‬ Sun ‫الشمس‬
How to ask questions? Jupiter ‫كوكب‬ Shape ‫الشكل‬
to express relations of similarities and differences ‫المشتري‬
You ask w/h questions in two ways.
among pairs of sentences. Saturn ‫كوكب زحل‬ Light ‫الضوء‬
1. A. Using modal verbs: will, would, may ,might,
‫نستعمل الروابط التالية للتعبير عن التشابه و االختالف‬ can, could, shall, should, etc. Venus ‫الزهرة‬ Heat ‫الحرارة‬
Similarities: similar to, like, both…and, the same, B. Using uxiliary verbs: ( be, have) Mercury ‫كوكب عطارد‬ Temperature ‫درجة الحرارة‬
as, similarly, both….of ‫ بإستعمال االفعال الناقصة و االفعال المساعدة‬- Moon ‫القمرطبيعي‬ The equator ‫خط‬
2. Using the auxiliary verb do (do, does, did). Satellite ‫القمر‬ Broadcasting ‫ ارسال‬/‫بث‬
(do, ( ‫ في اشكاله الثالث‬do ‫ بإستعمال الفعل المساعد‬- Gravity ‫الجاذبية‬ Eclipse ‫كسوف‬/‫خسوف‬
Example: Similar to the earth , Uranus orbits the Telescope ‫المنظار‬ Equator ‫خط االستواء‬
sun . does, did
1- With modal verbs and auxiliaries, we invert the Rockets ‫الصواريخ‬ Astrophysics ‫الفيزياء‬
Both Venus and mars are planets in our solar ‫الفضائية‬
subject and the modal / auxiliary then we
system Rocks ‫صخور‬ NASA ‫الوكالةالفضاء‬
precede them with the right question word. ‫االمريكية‬
Differences: ‫نقلب مكان الفعل الناقص او الفعل المساعد و الفعل ثم نبدأ الجملة بأداة‬ Plains ‫هضاب‬ Astrology ‫علم التنجيم‬
Unlike, whereas , while, on the other hand . ‫االستفهام المناسبة‬ Valleys ‫وديان‬ Surface ‫سطح‬
however, but, comparing to, in comparison 2- With main verbs with no auxiliaries or modals , Distance ‫المسافة‬
Example: - The Earth is inhabited whereas Mars we use the question word +the correct form of Height ‫االرتفاع‬
isn’t inhabited. do ( do, does, did) + the stem Length ‫الطول‬
Earth has one Moon but Jupiter has over 50 moons. + ‫في غياب االفعال المساعدة و االفعال الناقصة نستعمل اداة االستفهام‬ Width ‫العرض‬
3.Asking about dimensions do/ does/ did ‫الفعل‬+ Depth ‫العمق‬
A) To ask about dimensions, size, distance, etc ... , speed ‫السرعة‬
we use the question word
Teacher : Berchou D Ethics in Business : Ill-gotten Gains Never Prosper. Miss.Berchou
1. Expressing wish/regret : ‫ الندم‬/ ‫التمنى‬ 6.Passive voice English Arabic English Arabic
a. Present wish : wish + past simple ‫(امنية في‬ Ethics ‫االخالق‬ Counterfeit ‫ يزيف‬/‫يزور‬
)‫الحاضر‬ Active voice: Subject + verb + object Corruption ‫الفساد‬ Fake / ‫ يزييف‬/‫يزور‬
b. Regret : wish+ had+ past participle ‫(امنية‬ ‫مزور‬
Passive voice : Object+ to be ( in the tense of the active
Embezzlement ‫االختالس‬ Imitate ‫يقلد‬
) ‫في الماضي‬ verb) + past participle+ by + subject ( agent) Bribery ‫الرشوة‬ Copy ‫ يقلد‬/‫ينسخ‬
c. Future wish: wish+ would+ stem ‫( امنية‬ Present simple Nepotism ‫المحسوبية‬ Bribe ‫يرشو‬
)‫للمستقبل‬ A) The man gives a bribe. Stealing ‫السرقة‬ Steal ‫يسرق‬
2. Expressing criticism/annoyance : ‫ عدم الرضى‬/ ‫النقد‬ B) A bribe is given by the man. Theft ‫السرقة‬ Defraud ‫ يغش‬/‫يخدع‬
a. It’s (high) time to+ stem the right time to do Past simple Favouritism ‫المحسوبية‬ Deceive ‫ يغش‬/‫يخدع‬
something. ‫الوقت مناسب للقيام بشيء ما‬ Smuggling ‫التهريب‬ Eradicate ‫يستأصل‬
A) The man gave a bribe.
b. It’s (high) time+ subject + past simple Fraud ‫ الخداع‬/‫الغش‬ Legal ‫قانوني‬
B) A bribe was given by the man.
‫ التعبير عن التأخر عن القيام بشيء ما‬the action Honesty ‫ النزاهة‬/‫الشرف‬ Illegal ‫غير قانوني‬
should be done before (it’s too late) . Future simple
Associations ‫جمعيات‬ moral ‫اخالقي‬
Example: A) The man will give a bribe. Deception ‫الخداع‬ Immoral ‫غير اخالقي‬
3. Expressing advice : ‫تقديم النصيحة‬ B) A bribe will be given by the man . Account ‫حساب‬ Genuine ‫اصلي‬
a. Had better/should+stem Present perfect Citizens ‫المواطنين‬ Jail ‫ يسجن‬/‫سجن‬
Example: You had better report any suspicious acts. A) The man has given a bribe. Transparency ‫منظمة الشفافية‬ Trade ‫يتاجر‬
c. had better not+stem/shouldn’t+stem B) A bribe has been given by the man. International ‫العالمية‬
Past perfect Auditing ‫تدقيق الحسابات‬ disguise ‫يموه‬
Tax evasion ‫التهرب الضريبي‬ Hide ‫يخفي‬
d. should +( not) stem / ought( not) to +stem A) The man had given a bribe.
Whistle ‫الوشاية‬ Products ‫منتجات‬
Example: You ought not to / should not encourage B) A bribe had been given by the man. blowing
corruption by keeping silent. Present continuous Child labour ‫عمالة االطفال‬ Consumers ‫المستهلكين‬
4/ Expressing condition using ‫ الشرطية‬: A) The man is giving a bribe. Probity ‫االمانة‬ Property ‫ملكية‬
As long as/ provided that. B) A bribe had been given by the man. Piracy ‫القرصنة‬ Brands ‫عالمات تجارية‬
As long as/provided that+ present simple, future Past continuous Infringement ‫يخرق القوانين‬ Kickback ‫رشوة‬
simple A) The man was giving a bribe. Speculators ‫المضاربين‬ False invoices ‫فواتير مزورة‬
Example: customs ‫الجمارك‬ Tax inspectors ‫جباة الضرائب‬
B) A bribe had been given by the man
 We will eradicate corruption providing that we Currency ‫تزويير العملة‬ Criminal ‫منظمات ارهابية‬
Modals . ( can ,could, may ,might, must ,etc.)
put hand in hand . counterfeiting organisations
A) The man can /may/might give a bribe
 You will promoted as long as you work Money ‫غسيل األموال‬ Responsibility ‫مسئولية‬
B) A bribe can be/ may be / might be given by the laundering
honestly.
5/ Expressing result using: ‫التعبير عن النتيجة‬ man Code of ethics ‫ميثاق اخالقي‬ Scandals ‫فضائح‬
7.Forming opposites keeping the same root Profits ‫ارباح‬ lobby ‫مجموعة ضغط‬
a. So+adjective+ that
Example : Counterfeit are so widespread that we can - ‫يتم تكوين اضداد الكلمات بإضافة السوابق‬ Moral issues ‫قضايا اخالقية‬ manufacture ‫صناعة‬
prefixes Business ‫ نشاط‬/ ‫تجارة‬ Severe ‫مشدد‬
not distinguish them from genuine products.: ‫تجاري‬
b. Such+noun phrase+ that Ethical ≠unethical , moral ≠immoral legal ≠illegal
Laws ‫القوانين‬ Stringent ‫صارم‬
Example: Counterfeits are of such a bad quality that fair ≠unfair , honest ≠ dishonest , perfect = imperfect
standards /‫المقاييس‬ Fight ‫يكافح‬/‫يحارب‬
they don’t last long. ‫المعايير‬
Forge ‫يقلد‬

You might also like