This document provides information about expressing hypotheses, quantifiers, conditionals, and cause and effect in advertising and consumer safety.
It begins by outlining ways to express certainty, probability, possibility, and remote possibility using modal verbs like "will", "can", and "may". It then defines quantifiers and gives examples of how they can modify countable and uncountable nouns.
The document also discusses the first conditional and how it is used to describe possible future events. Finally, it provides connectors like "because", "since", and "as a result" that can be used to express cause and the consequence or result of an action.
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Summary
This document provides information about expressing hypotheses, quantifiers, conditionals, and cause and effect in advertising and consumer safety.
It begins by outlining ways to express certainty, probability, possibility, and remote possibility using modal verbs like "will", "can", and "may". It then defines quantifiers and gives examples of how they can modify countable and uncountable nouns.
The document also discusses the first conditional and how it is used to describe possible future events. Finally, it provides connectors like "because", "since", and "as a result" that can be used to express cause and the consequence or result of an action.
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Teacher : Berchou D
Safety First : Advertising , consumers and safety Miss.Berchou
1. Expressing hypotheses 3. Quantifiers English Arabic English Arabic To express certainty we use: A quantifier is a word or phrase which is used before a Advertising االشهار Healthy صحي Subject +Will + certainly + infinitive without noun to indicate the amount or quantity:عبارات للكمية و العدد Advertisment اشهار/اعالن Unhealthy غير صحي to 'Some', 'many', 'a lot of' and 'a few' are examples of Consumption استهالك Safe آمن quantifiers. I’m sure/ certain that + subject +Will+ Consumerism استهالكية Harmful مؤذي/ضار Quantifiers can be used with both countable and infinitive without to uncountable nouns. تستعمل مع االسماء القابلة للعد و غير القابلة للعد Consumer مستهلك Poisnous سام To express probability we use: Quantifiers/ With With With Customer زبون/عميل Obesity البدانة Subject +Will+ probably + infinitive without quantity countable uncountable both Safety االمان/ السالمة overweight زيادة الوزن to expression noun noun Organic food االكل العضوي Fast food االكل السريع It is probable that + subject +Will + infinitive Much/too X Genetically االكل المعدل much without to modified food وراثيا/جينيا Little/ too X To express possibility we use: little Processed االكل المعالج Eating عادات االكل Subject +Can/ May + infinitive without to Many/too X food habits It is possible that + subject +Will + infinitive many Ingredients المكونات Persuasion االقناع without to Few/too few X Flavourings المنكهات Influence التأثير Subject +Will+ possibly + infinitive without A lot of X Colourings الملونات Farming الزراعة to Preservatives المواد الحافظة agriculture الفالحة Enough X To express remote possibility we use: Additives المواد المضافة Food التسمم الغذائي A large X Subject + Might/Could + infinitive without number of poisoning to Genetic الهندسة Chemical اثار كيميائية A large X 2. The first Conditional: engineering الوراثية residues amount of It is formed by using " if " and the present simple A great many Shopping التسوق Brand عالمة تجارية X and the future simple in the result clause . of Shopaholics مدمني التسوق Marketing التسويق Form: 4.. Expressing cause: Publicity الدعاية Goods سلع If + present simple , will/ shall + infinitive -The following connectors are used to express cause Nutrition التغذية Companies شركات This Conditional is used to describe possible things Consequence + Since /because/as + Malnutrition سوء التغذية Promotion / الترقية that may happen in the Future . (subject +verb+object) +Cause الترويج Examples : Pesticides المبيدات Food صناعة االكل -Because of الحشرية industries If you eat an apple every day, you will be -Due to + noun phrase healthy. Fertilisers / المخصبات Products المنتجات -Owing to اسمدة We ’ll burn calories if we run every morning Example: He is obese because he eats much fast food. Production االنتاج Burning حرق السعرات 5. Expressing result ( consequence) Calories Unless can be used in conditional sentence meaning As a result Management التسيير Shoppers المتسوقين except if , if …not Cause+ Consequently + Consequence Competition المنافسة Examples : If you eat an apple every day, you will Thus, therefore, so be healthy. Example: He eats much fast food; as a result, he is obese Unless you eat an apple every day, you will not be healthy. Teacher : Berchou D It’s a Giant Leap for Mankind :Astronomy and the solar system Miss.Berchou 1. Conditional type2 “if” الجمل الشرطية النوع الثاني How + adj (long, wide, high, tall, far, deep, fast) English Arabic English Arabic -This type of conditional is used to talk about unreal ………? Astronomy علم الفلك Discovery اكتشاف situations in the present. E;g. How far /distant is the Earth from the Astronomer عالم فضاء Exploration استكشاف moon? Planets كواكب Spaceship سفينة فضاء If + past simple, conditional (would + stem) → It is 384,400 km far. Metoers نيازك Space السياحة tourism الفضائية How deep is the Earth's crust? Examples : Comets مذنبات Observatory المرصد if I were you, I would go to the nearest → It is around 40 kilometers deep. Asteriod كويكب Atmosphere الغالف الجوي How fast is the Earth spinning every minute? Stars نجوم Astronaut رائد فضاء embassy. What would happen to us if a large → It is 27.7 km fast per minute at equator. Galaxy مجرة Orbit (n/v) يدور/مدار B) We can also use what + a noun ( shape, size, Universe الكون asteroid smashed into the Earth? distance, weight, length, width, depth, height, Solar نظام شمسي Heavenly اجسام سماوية etc). system bodies 2. Expressing similarities and differences التعبير What size/ shape is….? What is the weight/ the Space الفضاء Collision اصطدام عن االختالف و التشابه distance……..? Earth كوكب االرض Diameter القطر -A number of conjunctions and connectors are used 4.Asking questions in general Mars كوكب المريخ Sun الشمس How to ask questions? Jupiter كوكب Shape الشكل to express relations of similarities and differences المشتري You ask w/h questions in two ways. among pairs of sentences. Saturn كوكب زحل Light الضوء 1. A. Using modal verbs: will, would, may ,might, نستعمل الروابط التالية للتعبير عن التشابه و االختالف can, could, shall, should, etc. Venus الزهرة Heat الحرارة Similarities: similar to, like, both…and, the same, B. Using uxiliary verbs: ( be, have) Mercury كوكب عطارد Temperature درجة الحرارة as, similarly, both….of بإستعمال االفعال الناقصة و االفعال المساعدة- Moon القمرطبيعي The equator خط 2. Using the auxiliary verb do (do, does, did). Satellite القمر Broadcasting ارسال/بث (do, ( في اشكاله الثالثdo بإستعمال الفعل المساعد- Gravity الجاذبية Eclipse كسوف/خسوف Example: Similar to the earth , Uranus orbits the Telescope المنظار Equator خط االستواء sun . does, did 1- With modal verbs and auxiliaries, we invert the Rockets الصواريخ Astrophysics الفيزياء Both Venus and mars are planets in our solar الفضائية subject and the modal / auxiliary then we system Rocks صخور NASA الوكالةالفضاء precede them with the right question word. االمريكية Differences: نقلب مكان الفعل الناقص او الفعل المساعد و الفعل ثم نبدأ الجملة بأداة Plains هضاب Astrology علم التنجيم Unlike, whereas , while, on the other hand . االستفهام المناسبة Valleys وديان Surface سطح however, but, comparing to, in comparison 2- With main verbs with no auxiliaries or modals , Distance المسافة Example: - The Earth is inhabited whereas Mars we use the question word +the correct form of Height االرتفاع isn’t inhabited. do ( do, does, did) + the stem Length الطول Earth has one Moon but Jupiter has over 50 moons. + في غياب االفعال المساعدة و االفعال الناقصة نستعمل اداة االستفهام Width العرض 3.Asking about dimensions do/ does/ did الفعل+ Depth العمق A) To ask about dimensions, size, distance, etc ... , speed السرعة we use the question word Teacher : Berchou D Ethics in Business : Ill-gotten Gains Never Prosper. Miss.Berchou 1. Expressing wish/regret : الندم/ التمنى 6.Passive voice English Arabic English Arabic a. Present wish : wish + past simple (امنية في Ethics االخالق Counterfeit يزيف/يزور )الحاضر Active voice: Subject + verb + object Corruption الفساد Fake / يزييف/يزور b. Regret : wish+ had+ past participle (امنية مزور Passive voice : Object+ to be ( in the tense of the active Embezzlement االختالس Imitate يقلد ) في الماضي verb) + past participle+ by + subject ( agent) Bribery الرشوة Copy يقلد/ينسخ c. Future wish: wish+ would+ stem ( امنية Present simple Nepotism المحسوبية Bribe يرشو )للمستقبل A) The man gives a bribe. Stealing السرقة Steal يسرق 2. Expressing criticism/annoyance : عدم الرضى/ النقد B) A bribe is given by the man. Theft السرقة Defraud يغش/يخدع a. It’s (high) time to+ stem the right time to do Past simple Favouritism المحسوبية Deceive يغش/يخدع something. الوقت مناسب للقيام بشيء ما Smuggling التهريب Eradicate يستأصل A) The man gave a bribe. b. It’s (high) time+ subject + past simple Fraud الخداع/الغش Legal قانوني B) A bribe was given by the man. التعبير عن التأخر عن القيام بشيء ماthe action Honesty النزاهة/الشرف Illegal غير قانوني should be done before (it’s too late) . Future simple Associations جمعيات moral اخالقي Example: A) The man will give a bribe. Deception الخداع Immoral غير اخالقي 3. Expressing advice : تقديم النصيحة B) A bribe will be given by the man . Account حساب Genuine اصلي a. Had better/should+stem Present perfect Citizens المواطنين Jail يسجن/سجن Example: You had better report any suspicious acts. A) The man has given a bribe. Transparency منظمة الشفافية Trade يتاجر c. had better not+stem/shouldn’t+stem B) A bribe has been given by the man. International العالمية Past perfect Auditing تدقيق الحسابات disguise يموه Tax evasion التهرب الضريبي Hide يخفي d. should +( not) stem / ought( not) to +stem A) The man had given a bribe. Whistle الوشاية Products منتجات Example: You ought not to / should not encourage B) A bribe had been given by the man. blowing corruption by keeping silent. Present continuous Child labour عمالة االطفال Consumers المستهلكين 4/ Expressing condition using الشرطية: A) The man is giving a bribe. Probity االمانة Property ملكية As long as/ provided that. B) A bribe had been given by the man. Piracy القرصنة Brands عالمات تجارية As long as/provided that+ present simple, future Past continuous Infringement يخرق القوانين Kickback رشوة simple A) The man was giving a bribe. Speculators المضاربين False invoices فواتير مزورة Example: customs الجمارك Tax inspectors جباة الضرائب B) A bribe had been given by the man We will eradicate corruption providing that we Currency تزويير العملة Criminal منظمات ارهابية Modals . ( can ,could, may ,might, must ,etc.) put hand in hand . counterfeiting organisations A) The man can /may/might give a bribe You will promoted as long as you work Money غسيل األموال Responsibility مسئولية B) A bribe can be/ may be / might be given by the laundering honestly. 5/ Expressing result using: التعبير عن النتيجة man Code of ethics ميثاق اخالقي Scandals فضائح 7.Forming opposites keeping the same root Profits ارباح lobby مجموعة ضغط a. So+adjective+ that Example : Counterfeit are so widespread that we can - يتم تكوين اضداد الكلمات بإضافة السوابق Moral issues قضايا اخالقية manufacture صناعة prefixes Business نشاط/ تجارة Severe مشدد not distinguish them from genuine products.: تجاري b. Such+noun phrase+ that Ethical ≠unethical , moral ≠immoral legal ≠illegal Laws القوانين Stringent صارم Example: Counterfeits are of such a bad quality that fair ≠unfair , honest ≠ dishonest , perfect = imperfect standards /المقاييس Fight يكافح/يحارب they don’t last long. المعايير Forge يقلد