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Ammonium Acetate - Salt Analysis

The document summarizes an experiment to analyze an unknown salt. Preliminary tests on the salt showed signs of an acetate ion being present based on its white color, vinegar smell when heated, and vinegar smell and pleasant fruity ester smell in acid tests. Further wet tests confirmed the presence of an acetate ion through positive oxalic acid and ester tests. The salt was also found to contain ammonium ions, as indicated by the evolution of a gas when heated with sodium hydroxide and showing an ammoniacal smell in the Nessler's reagent test. Based on the results, the salt was identified as ammonium acetate with the molecular formula CH3COONH4.

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tirth patel
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227 views4 pages

Ammonium Acetate - Salt Analysis

The document summarizes an experiment to analyze an unknown salt. Preliminary tests on the salt showed signs of an acetate ion being present based on its white color, vinegar smell when heated, and vinegar smell and pleasant fruity ester smell in acid tests. Further wet tests confirmed the presence of an acetate ion through positive oxalic acid and ester tests. The salt was also found to contain ammonium ions, as indicated by the evolution of a gas when heated with sodium hydroxide and showing an ammoniacal smell in the Nessler's reagent test. Based on the results, the salt was identified as ammonium acetate with the molecular formula CH3COONH4.

Uploaded by

tirth patel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Experiment 05

Aim: To analyse the given salt for acidic and basic radicals.

[A] Preliminary Test

01. Physical examination of the salt

Experiment Observation Inference


Colour White Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Ni2+, Mn2+,Co2+ may be absent
Smell Vinegar like smell CH3COO— may be present

02. Dry heating test

Heated a pinch of the salt in a dry test tube and noted the following observations:

Experiment Observation Inference


A colourless gas having characteristics
Gas evolved CH3COO— may be present
vinegar like smell
Sublimation Sublimate formed NH4+ may be present
Lead nitrate, Barium nitrate,
Sodium chloride, Potassium
Decrepitation No crackling sound observed
chloride and Potassium iodide
may be absent
Swelling No swelling observed PO43― may be absent

03. Charcoal cavity test

Experiment Observation Inference


Mixed a pinch of the salt with
double the quantity of
Zn2+, Pb2+, Mn2+ may be
Na2CO3 and heated the No white residue formed
absent
mixture on a charcoal cavity
in the reducing flame

04. Cobalt nitrate test

Experiment Observation Inference


To the above white residue
added a drop of cobalt Zn2+, Mg2+, Al3+, PO43― may
No characteristics colour
nitrate solution and heated be absent
in oxidizing flame

Page 1 of 4
05. Flame test

Experiment Observation Inference


Prepared a paste of the salt No specific colour imparted Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Cu2+ may be
in conc. HCl and performed to the flame absent
flame test

06. Borax Bead test

Experiment Observation Inference


Did not perform this test
Cu2+, Ni2+, Fe3+, Mn2+ may be
since the given salt was -------
absent
white

Identification of Acid radicals (Anions)

07. Dilute Sulphuric acid test

Experiment Observation Inference


Take a small quantity of the
salt in a test tube and add CO32―, S2―, NO2―, SO32― may
No gas evolved
1―2 ml of dilute Sulphuric be absent
acid.

08. Potassium Permanganate test

Experiment Observation Inference


To a pinch of the salt added Cl―,Br―,I―, C2O42― may be
dil. H2SO4 warm and then a No gas evolved absent
drop of KMnO4 solution

09. Conc. Sulphuric acid test

Experiment Observation Inference


Heated a pinch of the salt Colourless vapours with CH3COO― may be present
with conc. Sulphuric acid smell of vinegar

Page 2 of 4
[B] Wet Test for acid radical

Conformations of Acetate (CH3COO—)

Experiment Observation
Oxalic acid test
Take a small quantity of the salt on
a watch glass. Mix it with solid
Smell like that of Vinegar
oxalic acid. Prepare paste of it with
a few drops of water. Rub the paste
and smell.
Ester test
Take a small quantity of the salt in
a test tube. Add conc. H2SO4 and Pleasant fruity smell of ester
heat. Now add Ethanol. Shake and
pour the contents of the tube in a
beaker full of water. Stir

[C] Wet Test for basic radical

Experiment Observation Inference


Heated a pinch of salt with
Gas evolved NH4+ present
conc. NaOH solution
O.S. + dil. HCl No ppts formed Group 1 absent
O.S. + dil. HCl + H2S No ppts formed Group 2 absent
O.S. + Solid NH4Cl + Excess
No ppts formed Group 3 absent
NH4OH
O.S. + Solid NH4Cl + Excess
No ppts formed Group 4 absent
NH4OH + H2S
O.S. + (NH4)2CO3 solution No ppts formed Group 5 absent

Conformations of Ammonium (NH4+)

Experiment Observation
Smell
Ammoniacal smell

Brown ppts. formed


O.S. + Nesseler reagent
NH3 formed

Page 3 of 4
Chemical Equations

Conformations of Acetate (CH3COO—)

Oxalic acid test

COOH
+ 2CH3COONH4 (NH4)2C2O4 + 2CH3COOH
COOH

Ester test

2CH3COONH4 + H2SO4 (NH4)2SO4 + 2CH3COOH

CH3COOH + C2H5OH CH3COOC2H5 + H2O

Conformations of Ammonium (NH4+)


∆
CH3COONH4 + NaOH CH3COONa + H2O + NH3

Nessler’s reagent

2K2[HgI4] + NH3 + 3KOH H2N.HgO.HgI + 7KI + 2H2O

Results

Basic radical Acidic radical Molecular Formula Name of salt


NH4+ CH3COO― CH3COONH4 Ammonium Acetate

Page 4 of 4

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