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MAT121 Integration appln-Part1-AREAS SOE 2019

The document provides a summary of key concepts and examples regarding calculating areas bounded by curves and axes. It discusses how to calculate: 1) The area between a curve and the x-axis from x=a to x=b by evaluating the integral from a to b of the function with respect to x. 2) The area between two functions and the x-axis by evaluating the integral from a to b of the difference between the two functions with respect to x. 3) The area between two functions and the y-axis by evaluating the integral from y=a to y=b of the difference between the functions expressed as x-values with respect to y. Worked examples calculating various

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Godwin Ekanem
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12 views

MAT121 Integration appln-Part1-AREAS SOE 2019

The document provides a summary of key concepts and examples regarding calculating areas bounded by curves and axes. It discusses how to calculate: 1) The area between a curve and the x-axis from x=a to x=b by evaluating the integral from a to b of the function with respect to x. 2) The area between two functions and the x-axis by evaluating the integral from a to b of the difference between the two functions with respect to x. 3) The area between two functions and the y-axis by evaluating the integral from y=a to y=b of the difference between the functions expressed as x-values with respect to y. Worked examples calculating various

Uploaded by

Godwin Ekanem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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www.covenantuniversity.

Raising a new Generation of Leaders

MAT121
APPLICATIONS OF INTEGRATION-
part I
Dr. S.O. Edeki
1. Area between a curve and the x-axis with
ordinates x = a to x = b?
2a. Area between two functions and the x-axis

S.O. Edeki , department of mathematics,


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2b. Area between two functions and the x-axis

S.O. Edeki , department of mathematics,


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2c. Area between two functions and the y-axis

S.O. Edeki , department of mathematics,


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3. Area between two functions and the x-axis

S.O. Edeki , department of mathematics,


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cu,nig.
* AREA UNDER A CURVE, y  f ( x), the x-axis and
the ordinates x  a and x  b, a  b , is:

b b
A   ydx   f ( x)dx
a a

S.O. Edeki , department of mathematics,


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EX 1:
Find the area bounded by the
following curves, the x-axis and the
ordinates:
a ) y  x  3, x  1 and x  3
2

b) y  x  5 x  6 x  5, x  0 and x  1
3 2

Ex 1b, ans  79 / 12 squared unit.

S.O. Edeki , department of mathematics,


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cu,nig.
EX 1a Solution
For y  x  3, x  1 and x  3
2

3
b 3
x  3
A   ydx   ( x  3)dx    3x 
2

a 1 3 1
  3 3   13 
  3  3     3 1 
   
 3   3 
 10  44
 18      unit square
 3 3

S.O. Edeki , department of mathematics,


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cu,nig.
Area between two functions and the x-axis

Let y1  f1 ( x), and y2  f 2 ( x)


be two functions then the area between them and
the x-axis is:
b b
A   ydx   ( y1  y2 )dx
a a
Provided y1  y2
S.O. Edeki , department of mathematics,
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Note: The ordinates are implied or obtained when the two
functions are solved simultaneously.

• Ex 2: Find the area enclosed between the following


curves and the x-axis:

a ) y  x  6 and y  5 x
2

b) y  2 x  10 and y  4 x  16
2

7x  x x 2
c) y  and y   1
4 2

Ex 2b, x  1 & 3, ans  64 / 3 , 2c, x  1 & 4, ans  9 / 8


S.O. Edeki , dept of mathematics, cu,nig. 11
EX 2a Solution
a ) For y  x 2  6 and y  5 x,
y  y2  y1  (5 x  ( x 2  6))  ( x 2  5 x  6)
b 3
A   ydx   ( x 2  5 x  6)dx
a 2
3
  x 5x 
3 2
   6x
 3 2 2
   33 5(3) 2     2 3 5  2  2  1
   6(3)      6(2)   unit square
 3 2   3 2  6
   
S.O. Edeki , department of mathematics,
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REMARK***: Area between two functions
and the x-axis
Let y1  f1 ( x), and y2  f 2 ( x)
be two functions then the area between them and
the x-axis is:
b b
A a
ydx   ( y1  y 2 ) dx
a

For any choice of y1 and y2


Since AREA cannot be cu,nig.
negative.
S.O. Edeki , department of mathematics,
13
Area between two functions and the y-axis

Let x1  f1 ( y ), and x2  f 2 ( y )
be two functions then the area between them and
the y-axis is:
y b y b

A 
y a
xdy  
y a
( x1  x2 )dy

Provided x1 ( y )  x2 ( y )
S.O. Edeki , department of mathematics,
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Ex 3: Find the area of region enclosed by the
functions and the y-axis:

2
* y
a) x   3 and y  x  1
2

S.O. Edeki , department of mathematics,


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cu,nig.
EX 3a Solution
2
y
* For x   3 and y  x  1,
2
y  x  1  x  y  1,
 x1  x  y  1 and
2
y
x2  x  3
2
S.O. Edeki , department of mathematics,
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So x1  x2   y  2 y  8  0
2

gives y  2 or 4 and x  1 or 5.

y 4
 y 
2

A    y  1    3   dy
 
y 2   
  2

S.O. Edeki , department of mathematics,


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cu,nig.
y 4
 
2
y
  ( y  1)  (  3)  dy
y 2  
 2

4 2
3 2 4
y y y
  (  y  4)dy =    4y
2
2 6 2 2
 (4)3 (4) 2   ( 2)3 ( 2) 2 
=    4(4)       4(2) 
 6 2   6 2 
 64 16   8 4 
=     16       8 
 6 2   6 2 
 32  4 
    24     6 
 3  3 S.O. Edeki , department of mathematics,
cu,nig.
18
32 4
    24  6
3 3
36
   30  12  30
3
 18 unit square.

S.O. Edeki , department of mathematics,


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cu,nig.
CLASSWORK
• Assignment:
Calculate the area of the region enclosed by the x-axis
and the curves:

y  x and y  x
2

S.O. Edeki , department of mathematics,


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