BBA Syllabus 2023 24
BBA Syllabus 2023 24
OF
BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
FOR THE SESSION
2023–24
Course Objective:
1. To promote the ability to understand the basic concepts of Environment.
Course contents
Unit I: Fundamentals of Environmental Management: Definition, principles and scope; Types and
components of environment; Man- environment relationship; Causes of environment destruction;
Environmental ethics; Environment Awareness Programmes.
Unit II: Natural Resources - Awareness: Eco-system, Atmosphere, Land, Water, Forest, Mines &
Minerals, Wetland, Bio-diversity, Conservation of natural resources.
Unit III: Environmental Protection - Policies & Legislations: National environment policy,
Environmental Legislations, International conventions and Agreements, GATT/WTO and
environment, State Pollution Control Board, Role of NGOs.
Unit IV: Environment Management System: ISO-14000, Environment Audit, Eco-Friendly products
(Eco mark), Green Industry. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIM): EIM-Methods and tools,
Appraisal and clearance for industry, Evaluation Systems.
Course Outcome:
1. Students develop critical-thinking skills, analyze real-world problems, and understand the
power of narrative to create sustainable solutions for local and global communities.
2. To promote basic understanding on the concepts of Business Environment and to enable them
to realize the impact of environment on Business.
Suggested Readings:
1. N.K. Oberoi - Environmental Management, Excell Books.
2. G.N.Pandey - Environmental Management, Vikas.
3. K.M. Agrawal & P.K. Sikdar - Text Book of Environment, Macmillan.
4. L.W. Canter - Environmental Impact Assessment, Tata McGraw Hill.
BBA-102: FUNDAMENTALS OF MANAGEMENT & ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR
Course Objective:
1. To understand individual and group behavior at work place so as to improve the effectiveness
of an organization.
2. Discuss the various concepts of planning, Decision making and controlling to help solving
managerial problems
3. Study and understand management concepts and styles in Global context.
Course contents:
Unit I: Basic forms of Business Ownership; Special forms of ownership: Franchising, Licensing,
Leasing; Choosing a form of Business ownership; Corporate Expansion: mergers and acquisitions,
diversification, forward and backward integration, joint ventures, Strategic alliance. Evolution of
Management Theory. Managerial functions and Roles. Insights from Indian practices and ethos.
Unit II: Overview of Planning: Types of Plans & The planning process; Decision making: Process,
Types and Techniques. Control: Function, Process and types of Control; Principles of organizing:
Common organizational structures; Delegation & Decentralization: Factors affecting the extent of
decentralization, Process and Principles of delegation.
Unit III: Importance of organizational Behaviour. Perception and Attribution: Concept, Nature
Process, Personality, Learning: Concept and Theories of Learning, reinforcement. Motivation:
Concepts and their application, Need, Content & Process theories, Contemporary Leadership issues:
Charismatic, Transformational Leadership. Emotional Intelligence
Unit IV: Groups and Teams: Definition, Difference between Groups and teams; Stages of Group
Development, Group Cohesiveness, Types of teams. Analysis of Interpersonal Relationship:
Transactional Analysis, Johari Window. Organizational Power and Politics: Nature of organizational
politics. Conflict: Concept, Sources, Types, Stages of conflict, Management of conflict, Organizational
Change: Concept, Resistance to change, Managing resistance to change, Implementing Change, Kurt
Lewin Theory of Change. Managing Stress: Insights from Indian ethos.
Course Outcome:
1. The students will be able to justify how organizational change and conflict affect working
relationships within organizations.
2. demonstrate how to apply relevant theories to solve problems of change and conflict within
organizations.
Suggested Readings:
1. Gilbert: Principles of Management, McGraw Hill.
2. Greenberg Jerald and Baron Robert A.: Behavior in Organizations: Understanding and
Managing the Human Side of Work, Prentice Hall of India.
3. Kaul Vijay Kumar, Business Organization & Management - Text and Cases, Pearson.
4. Kaul, Vijay Kumar, Management- Text & Cases, Vikas Publication.
5. Kavita Singh: Organizational Behavior, Vikas Publication.
6. Koontz & Heinz Weihrich: Essential of Management, McGraw Hill.
7. Luthans Fred: Organizational Behavior, Tata McGraw Hill.
8. Mc Shane L. Steven, Glinow Mary Ann Von & Sharma Radha R. - Organizational
Behaviour; Tata McGraw Hill.
9. Newstrom John W.: Organizational Behavior, Tata McGraw Hill.
10. Richard L. Daft: Principles of Management, Cengage Learning India.
11. Robbins Stephen P: Organizational Behavior, Pearson.
12. Stephen P. Robbins & Mary Coulter: Management, Pearson.
13. Stoner & Wankel: Management, Prentice Hall of India.
14. Y.K. Bhushan: Fundamentals of Business Organization & Management, Sultan Chand &
Sons.
15. Navin Mathur, Management Gurus , National Publishing House, New Delhi
Course Outcome:
1. After the course the students will: Think critically, reason analytically and solve problems
creatively.
2. Succeed in their careers in business, industry or government, as well as in graduate school. Effectively
communicate statistical ideas and arguments
Suggested Readings:
1. S.P. Gupta (S.P.): Statistical Methods, Sultan Chand & Sons, 34th Edition.
2. Richard Levin & David Rubin: Statistics for management, Prentice Hall.
3. Anderson, Sweeny & Williams: Statistics for Business and Economics, South Western.
SEMESTER - II
BBA-201: BUSINESS COMMUNICATION
Course Objective:
1. To equip students of the BBA course effectively to acquire skills in reading, writing,
Comprehension and communication, as also to use electronic media for business communication.
2. To develop the ability to research and write a documented paper and/or to give an oral
presentation.
3. To develop the ability to communicate via electronic mail, Internet, and other technologies for
presenting business messages
Course Content:
Unit 1: Nature of Communication: Process of Communication, Types of Communication (verbal &
Non Verbal), Importance of Communication, Different forms of Communication. Barriers to
Communication Causes, Linguistic Barriers, Psychological Barriers, Interpersonal Barriers, Cultural
Barriers, Physical Barriers, Organizational Barriers
Unit 2: Business Correspondence: Letter Writing, presentation, Inviting quotations, Sending
quotations, placing orders, Inviting tenders, Sales letters, claim & adjustment letters and social
correspondence, Memorandum, Inter-office Memo, Notices, Agenda, Minutes, Job application letter,
preparing the Resume.
Unit 3: Report Writing: Business reports, Types, Characteristics, Importance, Elements of structure,
Process of writing, Order of writing, the final draft, check lists for reports.
Unit 4: Vocabulary: Words often confused Words often misspelt, common errors in English. Oral
Presentation: Importance, Characteristics, Presentation Plan, Power point presentation, Visual aids.
Course Outcome
1. Upon completion of the course, students are expected to be able to demonstrate a good
understanding of: effective business writing.
2. students are expected to be able to effective business communications and information
collection.
Suggested Readings:
1. Bovee, and Thill, Business Communication Today, Pearson Education
2. Lesikar, R.V. & Flatley, M.E. Kathryn Rentz; Business Communication Making
Connections in Digital World, 11th ed., McGraw Hill Education.
3. Shirley Taylor, Communication for Business, Pearson Education
4. Locker and Kaczmarek, Business Communication: Building Critical Skills, TMH
5. Leena Sen, Communication Skills, PHI Learning
1. The purpose of this course is to apply micro economic concepts and techniques in evaluating
business decisions taken by firms.
2. The emphasis is on explaining how tools of standard price theory can be employed to
formulate a decision problem.
3. evaluate alternative courses of action and finally choose among alternatives. Simple geometry
and basic concepts of mathematics will be used in the course of teaching.
Course content:
Unit I: Demand, Supply and Market equilibrium: individual demand, market demand, individual
supply, market supply, market equilibrium; Elasticities of demand and supply: Price elasticity of
demand, income elasticity of demand, cross price elasticity of demand, elasticity of supply;
Theory of consumer behavior : cardinal utility theory, ordinal utility theory(indifference curves,
budget line, consumer choice, price effect, substitution effect, income effect for normal, inferior and
giffen goods), revealed preference theory.
Unit II: Producer and optimal production choice: optimizing behavior in short run (geometry of
product curves, law of diminishing margin productivity, three stages of production), optimizing
behavior in long run (isoquants, isocost line, optimal combination of resources)
Costs and scale: traditional theory of cost (short run and long run, geometry of cot curves, envelope
curves), modern theory of cost (short run and long run), economies of scale, economies of scope.
Unit III: Theory of firm and market organization : perfect competition (basic features, short run
equilibrium of firm/industry, long run equilibrium of firm/industry, effect of changes in demand, cost
and imposition of taxes) ; monopoly (basic features, short run equilibrium, long run equilibrium,
effect of changes in demand, cost and imposition of taxes, comparison with perfect competition,
welfare cost of monopoly), price discrimination, multiplant monopoly ; monopolistic competition
(basic features, demand and cost, short run equilibrium, long run equilibrium, excess capacity);
oligopoly (Cournot’s model, kinked demand curve model, dominant price leadership model,
prisoner’s dilemma)
Unit IV: Factor market: demand for a factor by a firm under marginal productivity theory (perfect competition
in the product market, monopoly in the product market), market demand for a factor, supply of labour, market
supply of labour, factor market equilibrium.
Course Outcome
1. The student can Interpret regression analysis and discuss why it's employed in decision-
making. Discuss optimization and utility including consumer behavior.
2. After the course completion Student can Assess the relationships between short-run and long-
run costs.
Suggested Readings:
1. Dominick Salvatore (2009). Principles of Microeconomics (5th ed.) Oxford University Press
2. Lipsey and Chrystal. (2008). Economics. (11th ed.) Oxford University Press
3. Koutosyannis (1979). Modern Micro Economics. Palgrave Macmillan
4. Pindyck, Rubinfeld and Mehta. (2009). Micro Economics. (7th ed.). Pearson.
2. This course is intended to introduce the basic theory, concepts and practice of financial
accounting and to enable students to understand information contained in the published
financial statements of companies and other organizations.
3. It includes the preparation of accounting statements, but their uses and limitations will also
be emphasized.
Course Contents:
Unit I: Introduction to Financial Accounting. Accounting as an Information System. Importance,
Scope, and Limitations. Users of Accounting Information. Generally Accepted Accounting
Principles. The Accounting Equation. Nature of Accounts and Rules of Debit and Credit. Recording
Transactions in General Journal. Recording Transactions in three- column Cash Book. An overview
of Subsidiary books – Purchase Book, Purchase Returns Book, Sales Book, and Sales Returns Book.
Opening and Closing Entries. Preparation of Ledger Accounts.
Unit II: Introduction to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Understanding
Accounting Standards issued by the ICAI related to Disclosure of Accounting Policies, Depreciation
Accounting, and Revenue Recognition. Methods of charging Depreciation – Straight-line Method,
and Written-down-value Method. Preparation of Trial Balance. Adjustment Entries. Post-adjusted
Trial Balance. Bank Reconciliation Statement.
Unit III: Preparation of Financial Statements: Preparing Trading Account, Profit & Loss Account
and Balance Sheet for a Sole Proprietor. Understanding contents of Financial Statements of a Joint
Stock Company as per Companies Act 2013. Understanding the contents of a Corporate Annual
Report. Preparation of Cash Flow Statement as per AS-3 (revised).
Unit IV: Analyzing Financial Statements: Objectives of Financial Statement Analysis; Sources of
Information; Standards of Comparison; Techniques of Financial Statement Analysis - Horizontal
Analysis, Vertical Analysis, and Ratio Analysis. Meaning and Usefulness of Financial Ratios;
Analysis of Financial Ratios from the perspective of different Stakeholders like Investors, Lenders,
and Short-term Creditors; Profitability Ratios, Solvency Ratios, Liquidity Ratios, and Turnover
Ratios; Limitations of Ratio Analysis.
Course Outcome
1. Identify and interpret accounting information to inform users and make decisions.
2. Apply critical thinking skills by identifying and analyzing accounting issues using relevant
accounting frameworks.
3. Charles T. Horngren, Gart L. Sundem, John A. Elliott, and Donna R. Philbrick, Introduction to
Financial Accounting, Pearson.
4. J.R. Monga, Financial Accounting: Concepts and Applications, Mayur Paperbacks.
5. T.P. Ghosh, Financial Accounting for Managers: Taxmann Allied Services Pvt. Ltd.
Suggested Readings:
1. S.N. Maheshwari, Suneel K. Maheshwari, and Sharad K. Maheshwari: An Introduction to
Accountancy, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.
2. R. Narayanaswamy, Financial Accounting: A Managerial Perspective, PHI Learning Pvt.
Ltd.
3. Charles T. Horngren, Gart L. Sundem, John A. Elliott, and Donna R. Philbrick, Introduction
to Financial Accounting, Pearson.
4. J.R. Monga, Financial Accounting: Concepts and Applications, Mayur Paperbacks.
5. T.P. Ghosh, Financial Accounting for Managers: Taxmann Allied Services Pvt. Ltd.
.
SEMESTER - III
BBA-301: MACROECONOMICS
Course Objective:
1. This course deals with the principles of Macroeconomics. The coverage includes
determination of and linkages between major economic variables; level of output and prices,
inflation, interest rates and exchange rates.
2. The course is designed to study the impact of monetary and fiscal policy on the aggregate
behavior of individuals.
3. To Understand and analyze the micro environment affecting the business decision making
Course Content:
Unit I: Measurement of macroeconomic variables: National Income Accounts, Gross Domestic
Product, National Income, Personal and Personal disposable income; Classical theory of income and
employment: Quantity Theory of Money – Cambridge version, Classical aggregate demand curve,
Classical theory of interest rate, effect of fiscal and monetary policy.
Unit II: Keynesian theory of Income and employment : simple Keynesian model, components of
aggregate demand, equilibrium income, changes in equilibrium, multiplier ( investment, Government
expenditure, lump sum tax, foreign trade), effect of fiscal and monetary policy, crowding out,
composition of output and policy mix, policy mix in action; ISLM model : properties of ISLM curves,
factors affecting the position and slope of ISLM curves, determination of equilibrium income and
interest rates, effect of monetary and fiscal policy, relative effectiveness of monetary and fiscal policy.
Unit III: Money: functions of money, quantity theory of money, determination of money supply
and demand, H theory of money multiplier, indicators and instruments of monetary control;
Inflation: meaning, demand and supply side factors, consequences of inflation, anti- inflationary
policies, natural rate theory, monetary policy-output and inflation, Phillips curve (short run and long
run)
Unit IV: Open Economy: brief introduction to BoP account, market for foreign exchange and
exchange rate, monetary and fiscal policy in open economy, Mundell Fleming model (perfect capital
mobility and imperfect capital mobility under fixed and flexible exchange rate)
Course Outcome:
1. Understand the determination of key macroeconomic variables- outputs, prices and rate of
interest, analyse the effect of fiscal and monetary policy,
2. It describe the mechanics of money supply and explain the working of an open economy.
Suggested Readings:
1. Froyen, R.P. (2011). Macroeconomics-theories and policies (8th ed.). Pearson
2. Dornbusch and Fischer (2010). Macroeconomics (9th ed.). Tata McGraw Hill
3. N Gregory Mankiw (2010). Macroeconomics (7th ed.). Worth Publishers
4. Olivier Blanchard, Macroeconomics (2009). (5th ed.) Pearson
1. To equip the students with understanding of the Marketing Mix elements and sensitize them
to certain emerging issues in Marketing.
2. Evaluate new product or service ideas. Apply conceptual knowledge and analytical tools to
forecast market potential.
Suggested Readings:
1. Kotler, P. & Keller, K. L.: Marketing Management, Pearson.
2. Kotler, P., Armstrong, G., Agnihotri, P. Y., & Ul Haq, E.: Principles of Marketing: A South
Asian Perspective, Pearson.
3. Ramaswamy, V.S. & Namakumari, S.: Marketing Management: Global Perspective-Indian
Context, Macmillan Publishers India Limited.
4. Zikmund, W.G. & D’ Amico, M.: Marketing, Ohio: South-Western College Publishing.
1. To acquaint students with role of Management Accounting in planning, control and decision-
making.
2. This course is intended to introduce the basic theory, concepts and practice of financial accounting and
to enable students to understand information contained in the published financial statements of
companies and other organizations
Course Content:
Unit I: Nature, Scope of Management Accounting: Meaning, definition, nature and scope of
Management Accounting; Comparison of Management Accounting with Cost Accounting and
Financial Accounting. Cost concepts: Meaning, Scope, Objectives, and Importance of Cost
Accounting; Cost, Costing, Cost Control, and Cost Reduction; Elements of Cost, Components of total
Cost, Cost Sheet. Classification of Costs: Fixed, Variable, Semi- variable, and Step Costs; Product,
and Period Costs; Direct, and Indirect Costs; Relevant, and Irrelevant Costs; Shut-down, and Sunk
Costs; Controllable, and Uncontrollable Costs; Avoidable, and Unavoidable Costs; Imputed /
Hypothetical Costs; Out-of-pocket Costs; Opportunity Costs; Expired, and Unexpired Costs;
Conversion Cost. Cost Ascertainment: Cost Unit and Cost Center. Introduction to Overhead
allocation, Overhead apportionment, and Overhead absorption.
Unit II: Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis: Contribution, Profit -Volume Ratio, Margin of safety, Cost
Break-even Point, Composite Break-even Point, Cash Break-even Point, Key Factor, Break-even
Analysis. Relevant Costs and Decision Making: Pricing, Product Profitability, Make or Buy,
Exploring new markets, Export Order, Sell or Process Further, Shut down vs. Continue.
Unit III: Budgets and Budgetary Control: Meaning, Types of Budgets, Steps in Budgetary Control,
Fixed and Flexible Budgeting, Cash Budget. Responsibility Accounting: Concept, Significance,
Different responsibility centers, Divisional performance – Financial measures, Transfer pricing.
Unit IV: Standard Costing and Variance Analysis: Meaning of Standard Cost and Standard Costing,
Advantages, Limitations and Applications; Material, Labor, Overhead and Sales variances.
Introduction to Target Costing, Life Cycle Costing, Quality Costing, and Activity based Costing.
Course Outcome:
1. Analyze accounting data by application of cost-volume-profit concepts. Evaluate operational
budgeting in terms of the process by which it is implemented and its possible benefits to the
organization.
2. This course is intended to introduce the basic theory, concepts and practice of financial accounting and
to enable students to understand information contained in the published financial statements of
companies and other organizations
Suggested Readings:
1. C.T. Horngren, Gary L. Sundem, Jeff O. Schatzberg, and Dave Burgstahler: Introduction to
Management Accounting, Pearson
2. M.N. Arora: A Textbook of Cost and Management Accounting, Vikas Publishing House
Pvt. Ltd.
3. M.Y. Khan, and P.K. Jain, Management Accounting: Text Problems and Cases, McGraw
Hill Education (India) Pvt. Ltd.
4. S.N. Maheshwari, and S.N. Mittal, Cost Accounting: Theory and Problems, Shree Mahavir
Book Depot (Publishers)
SEMESTER - IV
BBA-401: BUSINESS RESEARCH
Course Objective:
1. To provide an exposure to the students pertaining to the nature and extent of research
orientation, which they are expected to possess when they enter the industry as practitioners.
2. To give them an understanding of the basic techniques and tools of business marketing
research.
3. To Understand the practical application of various research techniques.
4. To Understand the importance of scaling & measurement techniques and sampling techniques.
5. To Understand the importance of coding, editing, tabulation and analysis in doing research
Course Content:
Unit I: Nature and Scope of Marketing Research – Role of Marketing Research in decision making.
Applications of Marketing Research – marketing research; The Research process – Steps in the
research process; the research proposal; Problem Formulation: Management decision problem Vs.
Marketing Research problem.
Unit II: Research Design: Exploratory, Descriptive, Causal. Secondary Data Research: Advantages
& Disadvantages of Secondary Data, Criteria for evaluating secondary sources, secondary sources
of data in Indian Context, Syndicated Research (in India)
Unit III: Primary Data Collection: Survey Vs. Observations. Comparison of self- administered,
telephone, mail, emails techniques. Qualitative Research Tools: Depth Interviews focus groups and
projective techniques; Measurement & Scaling: Primary scales of Measurement -Nominal, Ordinal,
Interval & Ratio. Scaling techniques-paired comparison, rank order, constant sum, semantic
differential, itemized ratings, Likert Scale; Questionnaire-form & design.
Unit IV: Sampling: Sampling techniques, determination of sample size; Data Analysis: Z test (mean,
diff. of mean, diff. of proportion) t test (mean), paired t test, Chi square test, Introduction to theoretical
concept of ANOVA, Factor Analysis and Discriminant Analysis.
Course Outcome:
1. Business research helps to identify opportunities and threats.
2. It helps identify research problems and using this information, wise decisions can be made to
tackle the issue appropriately.
3. It helps to understand customers better and hence can be useful to communicate better with the
customers or stakeholders. Applying relevant research techniques.
4. Understanding relevant scaling & measurement techniques and should use appropriate sampling
techniques.
5. Synthesizing different techniques of coding, editing, tabulation and analysis in doing research.
Suggested Readings:
1. Zikmund, Babin & Carr: Business Research Methods, South-Western.
2. Cooper & Schindler: Business Research Methods McGraw-Hill Education,
3. Churchill: Marketing Research: Methodological Foundations, Cengage Learning.
4. Aaker, Kumar, Day - Marketing Research. Wiley.
5. Naresh Malhotra – Marketing Research, Pearson.
1. The objective of this course is to help the students to develop an understanding of the concept
& techniques of essential functions of human resource management.
2. The course will use and focus on Indian experiences, approaches and cases.
Course Contents:
Unit I: Human Resource Management: Concept, Functions, roles, skills & competencies, HRD-
definition, goals and challenges. The changing environment of HRM – globalization, cultural
environment, technological advances, workforce diversity, corporate downsizing, changing skill
requirement, HRM support for improvement programs Work life balance, HR role in strategy
formulation & gaining competitive advantage. HRM issues in Indian Organisations
Unit II: Human Resource Planning: Process, Forecasting demand & supply, Skill inventoriesHuman
Resource Information System (HRIS) succession planning, Job analysis – Uses, methods, Job
description & Job specifications. HR accounting and Human Resource Development (HRD) audit
concept. Recruitment, Selection & Orientation: internal & external sources, e- recruitment, selection
process, orientation process.
Unit III: Training: Concept, Needs, Systematic approach to training, Methods of training.
Management development: Concept & Methods. Performance management system: concept, uses of
performance appraisal, performance management methods, factors that distort appraisal, appraisal
interview .Career planning: career anchors, career life stages. Compensation: Steps of determining
compensation, job evaluation, components of pay structure, factors influencing compensation levels,
wage differentials & incentives, profit sharing, gain sharing, employees’ stock option plans. Brief
introduction of social security, health, retirement & other benefits.
Unit IV: Industrial Relations: Introduction to Industrial Relations, Trade unions role, types, functions,
problems, industrial dispute- concept, causes & machinery for settlement of disputes- grievance,
concepts, causes & grievance redressal machinery, discipline- concept, aspect of discipline &
disciplinary procedure, Collective bargaining- concept, types, process, problems, essentials of
effective collective bargaining.
Course Outcome:
1. The course aims to enhance the understanding of the role of Human Resource Management
and explore the recent trends of HRM. Introduce the basic concepts, functions and processes
of human resource management.
2. Develop an understanding of HRM systems and their implementation through exploring the
practice of Staffing, Training and Development, Performance Management and
Compensation.
Suggested Readings:
1. De Cenzo, D.A. & Robbins: Fundamentals of Human Resource Management, New York:
John Wiley & Sons.
2. Dessler, G: Human Resource Management, Pearson.
3. Monappa & Saiyaddin: Personnel Management,Tata McGraw Hill.
4. Rao, V.S.P.: Human Resource Management- Text and Cases, Excel Books.
5. R. Wayne Mondy & Rober M. Noe: Human Resource Management, Pearson.
1. To acquaint students with the techniques of financial management and their applications for
business decision making.
Course Outcome
2. Understand the practical application of time value of money and evaluating long term
investment decisions
3. Developing analytical skills to select the best source of capital ,its structure on the basis of
cost of capital
Suggested Readings
1. M.Y. Khan & P.K. Jain: Financial Management Text Problem and Cases, Tata McGraw Hill
Pubilshlng Co. Ltd.
2. R. P. Rustogi: Financial Management: Theory Concepts and Practices, Taxmann
Publication.
3. I.M. Pandey: Financial Management: Theory and Practices, Vikas Publishing House
4. R.A. Brealey, S.C. Myers, F. Allen& P. Mohanty: Principles of Corporate Finance, McGraw
Hill Higher Education
5. J.V. Horne & J.M. Wachowicz: Fundamentals of Financial Management Prentice Hall
SEMESTER - V
BBA-501: QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES FOR MANAGEMENT
Objective: To acquaint students with the construction of mathematical models for managerial
decision situations and to use computer software packages to obtain a solution wherever applicable.
The emphasis is on understanding the concepts, formulation and interpretation.
Course contents:
Unit I: Linear Programming: Formulation of L.P. Problems, Graphical Solutions (Special cases:
Multiple optimal solution, infeasibility, unbounded solution); Simplex Methods (Special cases:
Multiple optimal solution, infeasibility, degeneracy, unbounded solution) Big-M method and Two-
phase method; Duality and Sensitivity (emphasis on formulation & economic interpretation);
Formulation of Integer programming, Zero-one programming, Goal Programming.
Unit II: Elementary Transportation: Formulation of Transport Problem, Solution by N.W. Corner
Rule, Least Cost method, Vogel’s Approximation Method (VAM), Modified Distribution Method.
(Special cases: Multiple Solutions, Maximization case, Unbalanced case, prohibited routes)
Elementary Assignment: Hungarian Method, (Special cases: Multiple Solutions, Maximization case,
Unbalanced case, Restrictions on assignment.)
Unit III: Network Analysis: Construction of the Network diagram, Critical Path- float and slack
analysis (Total float, free float, independent float), PERT, Project Time Crashing
Unit IV: Decision Theory: Pay off Table, Opportunity Loss Table, Expected Monetary Value,
Expected Opportunity Loss, Expected Value of Perfect Information and Sample Information
Markov Chains: Predicting Future Market Shares, Equilibrium Conditions (Questions based on
Markov analysis) Limiting probabilities, Chapman Kolmogrov equation. Introduction to Game
Theory: Pay off Matrix- Two person Zero-Sum game, Pure strategy, Saddle point; Dominance Rule,
Mixed strategy, Reduction of m x n game and solution of 2x2, 2 x s, and r x 2 cases by Graphical
Course Outcome:
1. Understand the basic operations research concepts and terminology involved in optimization
techniques
2. Understand how to interpret and solve business-related problems and
3. Apply certain mathematical techniques in getting the best possible solution to a problem
involving limited resources.
Suggested Readings:
1. N. D. Vohra: Quantitative Management, Tata McGraw Hill .
2. P. K. Gupta, Man Mohan, KantiSwarup: Operations Research, Sultan Chand.
3. V. K. Kapoor: Operations Research, Sultan Chand & Sons.
4. J. K. Sharma: Operations Research Theory & Applications, Macmillan India Limited.
Unit I: The Indian Contract Act 1872: Meaning and Essentials of contract; Kinds of contract- Based
on: validity, formation & performance, law relating to offer and acceptance, consideration,
competency to contract, free consent, Void agreements, performance of contracts, discharge of
contracts, breach of contracts and quasi contract, Special contracts: contract of indemnity and
guarantee, bailment and pledge, and agency.
Unit II: Sale of Goods Act 1930: Sale and agreement to sell, implied conditions and warranties,
sale by non-owners, rights of unpaid seller.
Negotiable Instruments Act 1881: Meaning of negotiable instruments, type of negotiable instruments,
promissory note, bill of exchange, cheque.
Unit III: The Companies Act 2013: Meaning and types, Incorporation, Memorandum & Articles of
association, Prospectus, Issue of shares and bonus shares, rights issue, sweat equity, role of directors,
share qualification, company meetings.
The Limited Liability Partnership Act 2008: Meaning and nature of limited partnership, formation,
partners & their relations, extent and limitation of liability.
Unit IV: Consumer Protection Act 1986: Objectives and machinery for consumer protection,defects
and deficiency removal, rights of consumers.
The Right to Information Act 2005: Salient features and coverage of the act, definition of terms
information, right, record, public authority; obligations of public authorities, requesting information
and functions of PIO.
Course Outcome:
1. To Know rights and duties under various legal Acts.
2. To Understand consequences of applicability of various laws on business situations.
3. To Develop critical thinking through the use of law cases.
Suggested Readings:
1. M.C.Kucchal: Business Law/Mercantile Law, Vikas Publishing.House (P) Ltd.
2. M.C.Kucchal,& Vivek Kucchal: Business Legislation for Management, Vikas Publishing
House (P) Ltd.
3. Dr. G. K. Kapoor & Sanjay Dhamija: Company Law and Practice-A comprehensive
textbook on Companies Act 2013, latest edition, Taxmann.
4. Avtar Singh: Principle of Mercantile Law, Eastern Book Company
5. Gulshan Kapoor: Business Maheshwari & Maheshwari: Principle of Mercantile Law,
National Publishing Trust
6. Rohini Aggarwal: Mercantile & Commercial Law, Taxmann.
7. Law, New Age International Pvt Ltd Publishers.
SEMESTER - V
BBA-601: BUSINESS POLICY AND STRATEGY
Course Objective:
1. To equip students with the necessary inside into designing strategies for an organization.
2. To linking the organisations strategies with the changing environment. The course will focus
on Indian cases, approaches and experiences.
3. A set of useful analytical skills, tools and techniques for analyzing a company strategically
4. To provide a basic understanding of the nature and dynamics of the strategy formulation
and implementation processes.
Course contents:
Unit I: Nature & importance of business policy & strategy: Introduction to the strategic management
process and related concepts; Characteristics of corporate, business & functional level strategic
management decisions.
Company’s vision and mission: need for a mission statement, criteria for evaluating a mission
statement- Goal, Process & Input formulation of the mission statement-Drucker’s Performance
Area, Bennis’s Core Problem; formulation of mission statement.
Unit II: Environmental Analysis & Diagnosis: Analysis of company’s external environment
Environmental impact on organisations policy and strategy, organisations dependence on the
environment, analysis of remote environment, analysis of specific environment- Michael E. Porter’s
5 Forces model; Internal analysis: Importance of organisation’s capabilities, competitive advantage
and core competence, Michael E. Porter’s Value Chain Analysis.
Unit III: Formulation of competitive strategies: Michael E. Porter’s generic competitive strategies,
implementing competitive strategies- offensive & defensive moves.
Formulating Corporate Strategies: Introduction to strategies of growth, stability and renewal, Types
of growth strategies – concentrated growth, product development, integration, diversification,
international expansion (multi domestic approach, franchising, licensing and joint ventures), Types of
renewal strategies – retrenchment and turnaround. Strategic fundamentals of merger & acquisitions.
Unit IV: Strategic Framework: Strategic analysis & choice, Strategic gap analyses, portfolio analyses
– BCG, GE, product market evolution matrix, experience curve, directional policy matrix, life cycle
portfolio matrix, grand strategy selection matrix; Behavioural considerations affecting choice of
strategy; Culture and Strategic Leadership: Implementing & operationalizing strategic choice, Impact
of structure, culture & leadership, functional strategies & their link with business level strategies,
Balanced Score Card; Introduction to Strategic control & evaluation, Strategic surveillance.
Course Outcome:
1. Develop powers of managerial judgment, how to assess business risk, and improve ability to
make sound decisions and achieve effective outcomes.
2. Evaluate and revise programs and procedures in order to achieve organizational goals;
3. Consider the ethical dimensions of the strategic management process;
Suggested Readings:
1. J.A. Pearce & R.B. Robinson : Strategic Management formulation implementation and
control, TMH
2. Arthur A. Thompson Jr. & A.J Strickland III : Crafting and executing strategy, TMH
3. Gerry Johnson & Kevan Scholes, Exploring corporate strategies, PHI
4. Upendra Kachru: Strategic Management, Excel books
5. Arthur A. Thompson Jr. and A.J. Strickland: Strategic Management –Concepts and Cases,
McGraw-Hill Companies
6. Lawrence R. Jauch & William F. Glueck: Business Policy and Strategic Management
(Mcgraw Hill Series in Management).
1. The objective of this paper is to introduce students to the different aspects and components of
financial Institutions and financial markets.
2. This will enable them to take the rational decision in financial environment.
Course Content:
Unit I: Structure of Indian Financial System: An overview of the Indian financial system, financial
sector reforms: context, need and objectives; major reforms in the last decade; competition;
deregulation; capital requirements; issues in financial reforms and restructuring; future agenda of
reforms; Regulation of Banks, NBFCs & FIs: Salient provisions of banking regulation act and RBI
Act; Role of RBI as a central banker; Products offered by Banks and FIs: Retail banking and corporate
banking products. Universal Banking: need, importance, trends and RBI guidelines, Core banking
solution (CBS); RTGS and internet banking, NBFCs and its types; comparison between Banks and
NBFCs
Unit II: Introduction to Financial Markets in India: Role and Importance of Financial Markets,
Financial Markets: Money Market; Capital Market; Factors affecting Financial Markets, Linkages
Between Economy and Financial Markets, Integration of Indian Financial Markets with Global
Financial Markets, Primary & secondary market, Currency Market, Debt Market- role and functions
of these markets. Primary Market for Corporate Securities in India: Issue of Corporate Securities:
Public Issue through Prospectus, Green shoe option, Offer for sale, Private Placement, Rights Issue,
On-Line IPO, Book Building of Shares, Disinvestment of PSU, Employees Stock Options,
Preferential Issue of Shares, Venture Capital, Private Equity, Performance of Primary Market in India,
Corporate Listings : Listing and Delisting of Corporate Stocks.
Unit III: Secondary Market in India: Introduction to Stock Markets, Regional and Modern Stock
Exchanges, International Stock Exchanges, Demutualization of exchanges, Comparison between NSE
and BSE, Raising of funds in International Markets: ADRs and GDRs, FCCB and Euro Issues;Indian
Stock Indices and their construction, maintenance, adjustment for corporate actions (rights, bonus and
stock split;) on index with numerical, free float vs. full float methodology, Classification of Securities
to be included in the Index, Bulls and Bears in Stock Markets, Factors influencing the movement of
stock markets, indicators of maturity of stock markets, Major Instruments traded in stock markets:
Equity Shares, Debentures, Myths attached to Investing in Stock Markets. Trading of securities on a
stock exchange; Selection of broker, capital and margin requirements of a broker, MTM and VAR
Margins, kinds of brokers, opening of an account to trade in securities, DEMAT System, placing an
order for purchase/sale of shares, margin trading and margin adjustment, contract note and settlement
of contracts, Algorithmic trading, Settlement mechanism at BSE & NSE
Unit IV: Money Markets & Debt Markets in India: Money Market: Meaning, role and participants in
money markets, Segments of money markets, Call Money Markets, Repos and reverse Repo concepts,
Treasury Bill Markets, Market for Commercial Paper, Commercial Bills and Certificate of Deposit.
Role of STCI and DFHI in money market, Debt Market: Introduction and meaning, Market for
Government/ Debt Securities in India, Secondary market for government/debt securities, Over
subscription and devolvement of Government Securities, Government securities issued by State
Governments, Municipal Bonds, Corporate Bonds vs. Government Bonds
Course Outcome:
1. Financial architecture of an economy and its key players. The fabrication of Indian Financial
markets.
2. Different types of Working of Capital market, debt market, money market in India
Functioning of different players in the financial market including Regulators like RBI ,SEBI,
PFRDA and IRDA
Suggested Readings:
1. Saunders, Anthony & Cornett, Marcia Millon (2007). Financial Markets and Institutions (3rd
ed.) Tata McGraw Hill
2. Khan, M Y. (2010). Financial Services (5th ed.). McGraw Hill Higher Education
3. Shahani, Rakesh (2011). Financial Markets in India: A Research Initiative. Anamica
Publications
4. Goel, Sandeep. (2012). Financial services. PHI.
5. Gurusamy, S. (2010). Financial Services. TMH.
DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC ELECTIVE COURSE
DSE - I (Finance)
DSE - I (Finance)
1. To aim of this course is to provide a conceptual framework for analysis from an investor’s
perspective of maximizing return on investment .
2. To provide sound theoretical base with examples and references related to the Indian financial
system.
Course Contents:
Unit 1: Introduction: An Overview of Indian Financial System, Investment Banking in India, Recent
Developments and Challenges ahead, Institutional structure and Functions of Investment / Merchant
Banking; SEBI guidelines for Merchant Bankers, Registration, obligations and responsibilities of
Lead Managers, Regulations regarding Continuance of association of lead manager with an issue
Unit II: Issue Management: Public Issue: classification of companies, eligibility, issue pricing,
promoter’s contribution, minimum public offer, prospectus, allotment, preferential allotment, private
placement, Book Building process, designing and pricing, Green Shoe Option; Right Issue:
promoter’s contribution, minimum subscription, advertisements, contents of offer document, Bought
out Deals, Post issue work & obligations, Investor protection, Broker, sub broker and underwriters
Unit III: Leasing and Hire Purchase :Concepts of leasing, types of leasing – financial & operating
lease, direct lease and sales & lease back, advantages and limitations of leasing, Lease rental
determination; Finance lease evaluation problems (only Lessee’s angle), Hire Purchase interest
&Installment, difference between Hire Purchase & Leasing, Choice criteria between Leasing and Hire
Purchase mathematics of HP, Factoring, forfaiting and its arrangement, Housing Finance : Meaning
and rise of housing finance in India, Fixing the amount of loan, repricing of a loan, floating vs. fixed
rate, Practical problems on housing finance.
Unit IV: Venture Capital: Concept, history and evolution of VC, the venture investment process,
various steps in venture financing, incubation financing.
Insurance: concept, classification, principles of insurance, IRDA and different regulatory norms,
operation of General Insurance, Health Insurance, Life Insurance.
Credit Ratings: Introduction, types of credit rating, advantages and disadvantages of credit ratings,
Credit rating agencies and their methodology, International credit rating practices.
Securitization: concept, securitization as a funding mechanism, Traditional and non- traditional
mortgages, Graduated-payment mortgages (GPMs), Pledged-Account Mortgages (PAMs),
Centralized Mortgage obligations (CMOs), Securitization of non mortgage assets, Securitization in
India.
Course Outcome:
1. Measure the risk and return of a stock or a portfolio position.
2. Diversify and manage investment portfolios in accordance with a person's risk Preferences.
3. Understand and evaluate investment advice from brokers and the financial press.
Suggested Readings:
1. M.Y.Khan: Financial Services, Tata McGraw –Hill.
2. Machiraju: Indian Financial System, Vikas Publishing House.
3. J.C.Verma: A Manual of Merchant Banking, Bharath Publishing House.
4. K.Sriram: Hand Book of Leasing, Hire Purchase & Factoring, ICFAI, Hyderabad.
5. Ennew.C. Trevor Watkins & Mike Wright: Marketing of Financial Services, Heinemann
Professional
DSE - I (Finance)
INVESTMENT ANALYSIS AND PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT
Course Objective:
1. To aim of this course is to provide a conceptual framework for analysis from an investor’s
perspective of maximizing return on investment.
2. To provide sound theoretical base with examples and references related to the Indian financial
system.
Course Contents:
Unit I: Basics of risk and return: concept of returns, application of standard deviation, coefficient of
variation, beta, alpha. Bonds: present value of a bond, yield to maturity, yield to call, yield to put,
systematic risk, price risk, interest rate risk, default risk. Yield curve and theories regarding shape of
yield curve. Unsystematic risk and non- risk factors that influence yields. Duration and modified
duration, immunization of a bond portfolio. Fundamental analysis: EIC framework; Economic
analysis: Leading lagging & coincident macro-economic indicators, Expected direction of movement
of stock prices with macroeconomic variables in the Indian context; Industry analysis: stages of life
cycle, Porter’s five forces model, SWOT analysis, financial analysis of an industry;
Company analysis.
Unit II: Share valuation: Dividend discount models- no growth, constant growth, two stage growth
model, multiple stages; Relative valuation models using P/E ratio, book value to market value.
Technical analysis: meaning, assumptions, difference between technical and fundamental analysis;
Price indicators - Dow theory, advances and declines, new highs and lows- circuit filters. Volume
indicators- Dow Theory, small investor volumes. Other indicators- futures, institutional activity,
Trends: resistance, support, consolidation, momentum- Charts: line chart, bar chart, candle chart,
point & figure chart. Patterns: head & shoulders, triangle, rectangle, flag, cup & saucer, double
topped, double bottomed, Indicators: moving averages. Efficient market hypothesis; Concept of
efficiency: Random walk, three forms of EMH and implications for investment decisions. (No
numericals in EMH and technical analysis)
Unit III: Portfolio analysis: portfolio risk and return, Markowitz portfolio model: risk and return for
2 and 3 asset portfolios, concept of efficient frontier & optimum portfolio. Market Model: concept
of beta systematic and unsystematic risk. Investor risk and return preferences: Indifference curves and
the efficient frontier, Traditional portfolio management for individuals: Objectives, constraints, time
horizon, current wealth, tax considerations, liquidity requirements, and anticipated inflation, Asset
allocation: Asset allocation pyramid, investor life cycle approach, Portfolio management services:
Passive – Index funds, systematic investment plans. Active – market timing, style investing.
Unit IV: Capital asset pricing model (CAPM): Efficient frontier with a combination of risky and risk
free assets. Assumptions of single period classical CAPM model. Characteristic line, Capital Market
Line, Security market Line. Expected return, required return, overvalued and undervalued assets.
Mutual Funds: Introduction, calculation of Net Asset Value (NAV) of a Fund, classification of mutual
fund schemes by structure and objective, advantages and disadvantages of investing through mutual
funds. Performance Evaluation using Sharpe’s Treynor’s and Jensen’s measures.
Course Outcome:
1. Measure the risk and return of a stock or a portfolio position.
2. Diversify and manage investment portfolios in accordance with a person's risk Preferences.
3. Understand and evaluate investment advice from brokers and the financial press.
Suggested Readings:
1. Fischer, D.E. & Jordan, R.J.: Security Analysis & Portfolio Management, Pearson
Education.
2. Sharpe, W.F., Alexander, G.J. & Bailey, J.: Investments, Prentice Hall of India.
3. Singh,R: Security Analysis & Portfolio Management . Excel Books.
4. Frank K Reilly & Keith C Brown: Investment Analysis and Portfolio Management, Cenage
India Pvt. Ltd.
DSE - I (Finance)
PROJECT APPRAISAL AND ANALYSIS
Course Objectives:
2. Develop the strategies employed in managing risk. Practice project management decisions and
control.
Suggested Readings:
1. Machiraju, H.R.: Introduction to Project Finance, Vikas Publishing House
2. Prasanna Chandra: Project Preparation Appraisal Budgeting and Implementation, Tata
McGraw.
DSE - I (Finance)
FINANCIAL MODELING AND DERIVATIVES
Course Objective:
1. To equip students with principles and techniques of Financial modeling along with various
Financial Derivatives including Greeks & Exotic Options.
Suggested Reading:
1. Ruey S. Tsay (2005). Analysis of Financial Time Series (2nd ed.). John Wiley.
2. John C. Hull. Options, Futures and Other Derivatives (7th ed.). Pearson Education.
3. JurgenFranke, Wolfgang Hardle and Christian Hafner. Introduction to Statistics of Financial Markets.
4. R. Madhumathi, M. Ranganatham. Derivatives and risk management (1st ed.) Redhead, K.
Financial Derivatives- An introduction to futures, forwards, options, swaps. Prentice Hall of
India
3. Student will be able to strategically manage the financial derivatives.
DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC ELECTIVE COURSE
DSE II (Marketing)
DSE II (Marketing)
CONSUMER BEHAVIOR
Objective: The course of Consumer behaviour equips students with the basic knowledge about the
issues and dimensions of consumer behaviour and with the skill and ability to analyse consumer
information and develop consumer behaviour oriented marketing strategies.
Course contents:
Unit I: Consumer Behaviour: Nature, scope & application: Importance of consumer behaviour in
marketing decisions, characteristics of consumer behaviour, role of consumer research, consumer
behaviour- interdisciplinary approach.
Introduction to ‘Industrial Buying Behaviour’ Market Segmentation: VALS 2 segmentation profile.
Unit II: Consumer Needs & Motivation: Characteristics of motivation, arousal of motives, theories
of needs & motivation: Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, McLelland’s APA theory, Murray’s list of
psychogenic needs, Bayton’s classification of motives, self-concept & its importance, types of
involvement.
Personality & Consumer Behaviour: Importance of personality, theories of personality- Freudian
theory, Jungian theory, Neo-Freudian theory, Trait theory: Theory of self- images; Role of self-
consciousness.
Consumer Perception: Concept of absolute threshold limit, differential threshold limit & subliminal
perception: Perceptual Process: selection, organization & interpretation.
Learning & Consumer Involvement: Importance of learning on consumer behaviour, learning
theories: classical conditioning, instrumental conditioning, cognitive learning & involvement theory.
Consumer Attitudes: Formation of attitudes, functions performed by attitudes, models of attitudes:
Tri-component model, multi-attribute model, attitude towards advertisement model: attribution
theory.
Unit III: Group Dynamics & consumer reference groups: Different types of reference groups, factors
affecting reference group influence, reference group influence on products & brands, application of
reference groups.
Family & Consumer Behaviour: Consumer socialisation process, consumer roles within a family,
purchase influences and role played by children, family life cycle.
Social Class & Consumer behaviour: Determinants of social class, measuring & characteristics of
social class.
Culture & Consumer Behaviour: Characteristics of culture, core values held by society & their
influence on consumer behaviour, introduction to sub-cultural & cross-cultural influences.
Opinion Leadership Process: Characteristics & needs of opinion leaders & opinion receivers,
interpersonal flow of communication.
Unit IV: Diffusion of Innovation: Definition of innovation, product characteristics influencing
diffusion, resistance to innovation, adoption process.
Consumer Decision making process: Process- problem recognition, pre-purchase search influences,
information evaluation, purchase decision (compensatory decision rule, conjunctive decision, rule,
Lexicographic rule, affect referral, disjunctive rule), post- purchase evaluation; Situational Influences
Models of Consumer Decision making: Nicosia Model, Howard - Sheth Model, Howard - Sheth
Family Decision Making Model, Engel, Kollat & Blackwell Model, Sheth Newman Gross Model of
Consumer Values.
Course Outcome:
1. Able to explain the basic concepts and models of consumer behavior. Able to analyze the effects
of psychological, socio-cultural and demographic factors on the consumer decision process with
their results.
2. Able to distinguish the relationship between consumer behavior and marketing practices
Suggested Readings
1. Leon G. Schiffman & Leslie L. Kanuk: Consumer Behaviour, Prentice Hall Publication,
latest Edition
2. Solomon, M.R.: Consumer Behaviour – Buying, Having, and Being, Pearson Prentice Hall.
3. Blackwell, R.D., Miniard, P.W., & Engel, J. F.: Consumer Behaviour, Cengage Learning.
4. Hawkins, D.I., Best, R. J., Coney, K.A., & Mookerjee, A: Consumer Behaviour – Building
Marketing Strategy, Tata McGraw Hill.
5. Kotler, P. & Keller, K. L.: Marketing Management (Global Edition) Pearson.
DSE II (Marketing)
PERSONAL SELLING & SALES FORCE MANAGEMENT
Course Objectives:
1. To familiarize the students with the concepts of sales management and to equip them with the
various tools required to be a success in the various techniques essential for sales staff
management.
2. To help them differentiate the nuances of personal, organizational and personal selling
Course Contents
Unit I: Introduction to Personal Selling; functions of a sales person, qualities of an effective Sales
Person; Personal Selling situations.
Unit II: Theories of Selling: AIDAS, Right Set of circumstances, Buying formula theory.
Unit III: The Selling Process: Preapproach – acquiring product knowledge, acquiring competition
and market knowledge, Identifying and qualifying prospects – sources of prospecting, conditions for
qualification, Opening a sale – methods of approaching, Sales presentation – presentation strategies
and methods, Sales demonstration – planning effective demonstration, use of sales tools, Handling
objection – types of objections, determining hidden objections, strategies for handling objections,
Closing a sale – trial close, closing techniques, Post sales follow up.
Unit IV: Introduction to sales force management: Objectives of Sales management, Role of a sales
manager; Managing Sales force – Recruitment, Selection, Training, Compensation and evaluation
of sales force; Sales Territory Coverages: Sales Territory Concept, Reasons for establishing sales
territories, procedures for selling up sales territories.
Course Outcome:
1. Student will be able to explain the concepts of sales management, personel selling and sales
task.
2. They will be able to summarize history of sale stages.
3. They will be able to explain the personel sale strategies and environmental factors that affect
the personel sales.
Suggested Readings:
1. Still, Cundiff & Govani: Sales Management, Prentice Hall of India
2. Charles Futrell: Fundamentals of Selling, McGraw Hill
DSE II (Marketing)
RETAIL MANAGEMENT
Course Objective:
1. The primary objective of the course is to have students develop marketing competencies in
retailing and retail consulting.
2. The course is designed to prepare students for positions in the retail sector or positions in the
retail divisions of consulting companies.
3. Besides learning more about retailing and retail consulting, the course is designed to foster the
development of the student’s critical and creative thinking skills
Course Contents:
Suggested Readings:
1. Cullen & Newman: Retailing – Environment & Operations, Cengage Learning EMEA
2. Berman & Evarv: Retail Management, Perntice Hall.
3. Bajaj, Tuli & Srivastava: Retail Management- Oxford University Publications
4. Gibson G Vedamani: Retail Management: Functional principles & practices, Jaico
Publishing House.
5. Harjit Singh: Retail Management, S. Chand Publication.
DSE II (Marketing)
DISTRIBUTION AND SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
Course Objective: This course would help students develop an understanding about the role of
marketing channels, distribution and supply chain, key issues of supply chain and the drivers of supply
chain performance. The course would acquaint the students with various concepts.
Course Contents:
Unit I: The channel system: Rationale for marketing channel structures, Composition of marketing
channels, Channel Environment.
Unit II: Distribution – Basic concept, Transportations, Inventory, Warehousing, Managing logistics.
Unit III: Concepts and importance of a Supply Chain (SC), Key issues of Supply Chain Management,
Competitive and SC strategies, Achieving strategic fit.
Unit IV: Dynamics of supply chain: Supply Chain Integration, Push-based, Pull-based and Push- Pull
based supply chain, Demand Forecasting in a Supply Chain, Managing inventory in SCenvironment:
Transportation in SC environment. Strategic Alliances, Third party and fourth party logistics,
Retailer- Supplier partnerships (RSP), Supplier evaluation and selection, Use of best practices and
Information Technology (IT) in Supply Chain Management.
Course Outcome:
1. Develop a sound understanding of the important role of supply chain management in today's
business environment.
2. Become familiar with current supply chain management trends
3. Understand and apply the current supply chain theories, practices and concepts utilizing case
problems and problem-based learning situations.
Suggested Readings:
1. Ayers, J. B. (2006). Handbook of supply chain management (2nd ed.). Florida: Auerbach
Publication.
2. Ballou, R. H., & Srivastava, S. K. (2008). Business logistics/ supply chain management (5th
ed.). New Delhi: Pearson Education.
3. Chopra, S., & Meindl, P. (2007). Supply chain management: Strategy, planning and
operation (3rd ed.). New Delhi: Pearson Education.
4. Coyle, J. J., Bardi, L. J., & Langley, C. J. (2008). The management of business logistics (7th
ed.). USA: South-Western.
5. Dornier, P. P., Ernst, R., Fender, M., & Kouvelis, P. (1998). Global Operations Management
and Logistics: Text and Cases. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
6. Mentzer, J. T. (2001). Supply chain management. New Delhi: Sage Publications.
7. Monczka, R. M., Handfield, R. B., Giunipero, L. C., & Petterson, J. L. (2009). Purchasing
and supply chain management (4th ed.). USA: Cengage Learning.
8. Raghuram, G., &Rangaraj, N. (2000). Logistics and supply chain management: cases and
concepts. New Delhi: Macmillan.
9. Shah, J. (2009). Supply chain management: Text and cases. New Delhi: Pearson Education.
10. Simchi-Levi, D., Kaminsky, P, Simchi-Levi, E., & Shankar, R. (2008). Designing and
managing the supply chain (3rd ed.). New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill.
11. Coughlan, Anderson, Stern, Marketing Channels, Prentice Hall.
DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC ELECTIVE COURSE
Course Objective:
2. To use them to face the challenges of attracting, retaining and motivating employees to high
performance.
Course Contents:
Unit I: Introduction- Concept, Philosophy, History from performance appraisal to performance
development. Objectives of performance management system; Performance management and
performance appraisal; Performance Management process: Performance planning, Process and
Documentation of Performance appraisal, Appraisal Interview, Performance Feedback and
Counselling.
Unit II: Performance management and reward systems. Performance Coaching, Mentoring and
Counselling, Competency development, Use of technology and e-PMS, International Aspects of
PMS. Performance systems trends, Ethical Perspectives in performance appraisal.
Unit III: Introduction to Job Evaluation. Methods of Job Evaluation. Company Wage Policy: Wage
Determination, Pay Grades, Wage Surveys, Wage Components. Modern trends in compensation -
from wage and salary to cost to company concept, Comparable worth, broadbanding, competency
based pay.
Unit IV: Incentives plans for production employees and for other professionals. Developing effective
incentive plans, pay for performance,. Supplementary pay benefits, insurance benefits, retirement
benefits, employee services benefits. Benefits & Incentive practices in indian industry.
Wages in India: Minimum wage, fair wage and living wage. Methods of state regulation of wages.
Wage differentials & national wage policy Regulating payment of wages, wage boards, Pay
commissions, dearness allowances, linking wages with productivity,. Special compensation
situations: International compensation-managing variations. Expatriate Pay.
Course Outcome
Recognize how pay decisions help the organization achieve a competitive advantage. Analyze,
integrate, and apply the knowledge to solve compensation related problems in organizations
Suggested Readings:
1. Milkovich & Newman, Compensation, McGraw Hill.
2. T.J. Bergman , Compensation Decision Making, Harcourt, Fort Worth, TX
3. Richard Henderson: Compensation management in a knowledge based world, Prentice Hall.
4. T.N.Chhabra & Savitha Rastogi Compensation management, Sun India Publications.
5. Gary Dessler, Human Resource Management, Prentice Hall.
6. Armstrong's Handbook of Performance Management: An Evidence-Based Guide to
Delivering High Performance :Book by Michael Armstrong
Course Objective:
1. To prepare students for talent and knowledge management efforts in organisations.
2. It aims at enabling students to gain insights in concepts and application of talent and knowledge
management in organizations.
3. The course aims at understanding basic elements, processes approaches and strategies of
managing talent and knowledge in organisations.
Course Contents:
Unit I: Meaning and importance of talent management, Talent management Grid, Creating talent
management system, Strategies of talent management.
Competency model, Competency mapping, Role of leaders in talent management, Talent
management and competitive advantage.
Unit II: Elements of knowledge management, Advantages of knowledge management, Knowledge
management in learning organisations. Types of Knowledge: Tacit and Explicit .Managing
knowledge workers.
Unit III: Knowledge management process, Approaches to knowledge management: Knowledge
management solutions, Knowledge creation, Knowledge sharing, Knowledge dissemination,
Knowledge management life cycle, Nonaka’s model of knowledge. Knowledge capturing techniques:
Brainstorming, Protocol analysis, Consensus decision making, Repertory grid, Concept mapping.
Unit IV: Knowledge management strategies: Aligning individual needs with organisation, Reward
systems for knowledge management, Knowledge audit, Benchmarking, Balance score card, Gap
analysis.
Course Outcome:
1. Students should be able to evaluate the potential and appropriateness of talent development
strategies, policies and methods with reference to relevant contextual factors.
2. Assess the role and influence the politics of knowledge management policy and practice in a
range of contexts.
Suggested Readings:
1. Lance A. Berger, Dorothy Berger: Talent management handbook, McGraw Hill New York.
2. Cappeli Peter: Talent on Demand –Managing Talent in an age of uncertainty, Harvard
Business press.
3. Awad.E.M and Ghaziri.H.M: Knowledge management, Pearson education International.
4. Stuart Barnes: Knowledge management system theory and practice, Thomson learning.
5. Donald Hislop: Knowledge management in organisations, Oxford University press.
6. Sudhir Warier: Knowledge management, Vikas publishing house.
7. T. Raman: Knowledge management –a resource book, Excel books.
SKILL ENHANCEMENT COURSE (SEC)
IT TOOLS IN BUSINESS
Course Objective:
1. The Course has been designed to provide knowledge on various hardware and software components of
computer.
2. To use different operating system, various packages used for different applications, data base concepts &
operations and various issues related to IT and application of IT.
Course Contents
Unit I: Spreadsheets
Introduction: Concept of worksheets and workbooks, creating, opening, closing and saving
workbooks, moving, copying, inserting, deleting and renaming worksheets, working with multiple
worksheets and multiple workbooks, controlling worksheet views, naming cells using name box,
name create and name define.
Using formulae and functions: Understanding absolute, relative and mixed referencing in formulas,
referencing cells in other worksheets and workbooks, correcting common formula errors, working
with inbuilt function categories like mathematical, statistical, text, lookup, information, logical,
database, date and time and basic financial functions. Consolidating worksheets and workbooks using
formulae and data consolidate command Printing and Protecting worksheets: Adjusting margins,
creating headers and footers, setting page breaks, changing orientation, creating portable documents
and printing data and formulae. Implementing file level security and protecting data within the
worksheet Creating charts and graphics: Choosing a chart type, understanding data points and data
series, editing and formatting chart elements, and creating sparkline graphics.
Analysing data using pivot tables: Creating, formatting and modifying a pivot table, sorting, filtering
and grouping items, creating calculated field and calculated item, creating pivot table charts,
producing a report with pivot tables.
Performing what-if analysis: Types of what if analysis (manual, data tables, scenario manager), what-
if analysis in reverse (goal-seek, solver) Exchanging data using clipboard, object linking and
embedding.
Unit II: Word processing
Introduction: Creating and saving your document, displaying different views, working with styles and
character formatting, working with paragraph formatting techniques using indents, tabs, alignment,
spacing, bullets and numbering and creating borders.
Page setup and sections: Setting page margins, orientation, headers and footers, end notes and foot
notes, creating section breaks and page borders.
Working with tables: Creating tables, modifying table layout and design, sorting, inserting graphics
in a table, table math, converting text to table and vice versa. Create newspaper columns, indexes and
table of contents.
Spellcheck your document using inbuilt and custom dictionaries, checking grammar and style ,using
thesaurus and finding and replacing text.
Create bookmarks, captions and cross referencing, adding hyperlinks, adding sources and compiling
and bibliography
Mail merge: Creating and editing your main document and data source, sorting and filtering merged
documents and using merge instructions like ask, fill-in and if-then-else. Linking and embedding to
keep things together.
Unit III: PowerPoint presentation
Introduction: Creating a blank presentation using a design template, basing a new presentation on an
existing one, creating and managing slides, using content place holders, creating graphs, tables,
diagrams, organization charts, inserting clip art and images.
Viewing and navigating a presentation: Organising ideas in outline view, using slide sorter to
rearrange a presentation, previewing presentation in slide show, understanding master views, using
title master, slide master, handout master and notes master, working with headers and footers, using
hyperlinks, advanced navigation with action settings, navigation short hand with action buttons
Animation and multimedia: Using and applying animation schemes, custom animation,
understanding sound file formats and video types, adding music, sound and video clips. Final
presentation: Applying transition to slides, controlling transition speed, using hidden slides, using
custom shows, using on screen pen and adding and accessing notes during a presentation.
Unit IV: Databases
Introduction to Database Development: Database Terminology, Objects, Creating Tables, working
with fields, understanding Data types , Changing table design, Assigning Field Properties, Setting
Primary Keys, using field validation and record validation rules, Indexing, working with multiple
tables, Relationships & Integrity Rules, Join Properties, Record manipulation, Sorting & Filtering.
Select data with queries: Creating Query by design & by wizard (Select, Make Table, Append, Delete,
Cross Tab, Update, Parameterized Query, Find Duplicate and Find Unmatched), Creating multi table
queries, creating & working with table joins. Using operators & expressions: Creating simple &
advance criteria.
Working with forms: Creating Basic forms, working with bound, unbound and calculated controls,
understanding property sheet, Working with Data on Forms: Changing Layout, creating Sub Forms,
creating list box, combo box and option groups.
Working with Reports: Creating Basic Reports, Creating Header & Footer, Placing Controls on
reports, sorting & grouping, Creating Sub reports.
Course Outcome
1. Developing the effective communication skills among student.
2. Inculcating the soft skills in theoretical and practical ways.
3. Learning about the essential factors for personality development and bringing them into
practice.
Suggested Readings:
1. Alex K., Soft Skills – Know Yourself and Know the World, S. Chand & Company Pvt. Ltd.,
New Delhi, Third Revised Edition, 2016
2. Bhatnagar Nitin and Mamta Bhatnagar, Effective Communication and Soft Skills: Strategies
for Success, Pearson Education, New Delhi, 2011
Generic Elective/ Interdisciplinary Course
ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT
Course Objective:
1. This course provides students with a solid introduction to the entrepreneurial process of
creating new businesses, role of Creativity and innovation in Entrepreneurial start-ups.
2. manage family-owned companies, context of social innovation and social entrepreneurship and
issues and practices of financing entrepreneurial businesses.
3. To impart understanding of Entrepreneurial Finance, Assistance and role of entrepreneurial
development agencies.
4. To provide insights to students in converting an Idea to an opportunity and develop
understanding of various funding sources for a startup.
5. Familiarizing the students on Developing a Business Plan and to provide basic understanding
of Launching a New Venture.
Course contents:
Unit I: ENTREPRENEURIAL MANAGEMENT
The evolution of the concept of entrepreneurship, John Kao’s Model on Entrepreneurship, Idea
Generation, Identifying opportunities and Evaluation; Building the Team / Leadership; Strategic
planning for business; Steps in strategic planning, Forms of ownership – Sole proprietorship;
partnership; limited liability partnership and corporation form of ownership;
advantages/disadvantages, Franchising; advantages/disadvantages of franchising; types of franchise
arrangements; franchise contracts; franchise evaluation checklist, Financing entrepreneurialventures;
Managing growth; Valuation of a new company; Harvesting and Exit Strategies; Corporate
Entrepreneurship
Unit II: ENTREPRENEURSHIP, CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION
Stimulating Creativity; Organisational actions that enhance/hinder creativity, Managerial
responsibilities, Creative Teams; Sources of Innovation in Business; Managing Organizations for
Innovation and Positive Creativity.
Suggested Readings:
1. Burns, P. (2001). Entrepreneurship and small business. New Jersey: Palgrave.
2. Drucker, P. F. (2006). Innovation and entrepreneurship: Practice and principles. USA:
Elsevier.
3. Gersick, K. E., Davis, J. A., Hampton, M. M., & Lansberg, I. (1997). Generation to
generation: Life cycles of the family business. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
4. Hisrich, R. & Peters, M. (2002). Entrepreneurship. New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill.
5. Holt, D. H. (2004). Entrepreneurship new venture creation. New Delhi: Prentice Hall of
India.
6. Kaplan, J. (2004). Patterns of entrepreneurship. Wiley.
7. Khandwalla, P. (2003). Corporate creativity. New Delhi: Tata Mc. Graw Hill.
8. Mullins, J. (2004). New business road test. New Delhi: Prentice Hall.
9. Nicholls, A. (Ed.). (2006). Social entrepreneurship new models of sustainable social
change. Oxford University Press.
10. Prahalad, C. K. (2006). Fortune at the bottom of the pyramid, eradicating poverty through
profits. Wharton school Publishing.
11. Scarborough & Zimmerer, Effective Small Business Management
12. Stevenson, H. (Ed.). (2007). Perspective on entrepreneurship. Boston: Harvard Business
Press.
ETHICS AND CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
Course Objective:
1. The objective of this paper is to make the students more clear about the importance of ethics
in business and practices of good corporate governance.
3. The course will sensitize the students to enrich their ethical standards. Also, the students will
be exposed to ethical problems and issues in various situations.
Course contents:
Unit I: Business ethics: Meaning of ethics, why ethical problems occur in business. Ethical principles
in business: Utilitarianism: weighing social cost and benefits, Rights and duties, Justice and fairness,
ethics of care, Integrating utility, rights, justice and caring, An alternative to moral principles: virtue
ethics, Moral issues in business: Worker’s and employee’s rights and responsibilities, Profit
maximization vs. social responsibility.
Unit-II: Corporate governance: concept, Need to improve corporate governance standards, Features
of good governance, Role played by regulators to improve corporate governance, accounting
standards and corporate governance, corporate disclosure, insider trading.
The Board - Quality, Composition and role of Board, Outside Directors on the board (independent,
nominee), Executive and Non-Executive directors, SEBI clause 49, directors and financial institutions
in enhancing corporate governance, CEO Duality. Whistle blowing: Needs & Kinds of whistle
blowing.
Unit-III: Ethics and Management: ethics as a normative science, ethics vs religion, factual and moral
judgements, Business Ethics as a Management discipline, Managing ethics in workplace, Definition
of Ethical Dilemma , Values Driven Management: Indian Ethos for managing Global Change, Values
for managing the change, Trans-cultural Human Values in Management.
Unit IV: Corporate social responsibility: Meaning, Evolution of corporate social responsibility,
common indicators for measuring business social performance, reporting social responsibility
measures in annual report, Arguments for and against CSR, Attributes of an effective CSR Programs.
Course Outcome
1. At the end of the course, students should be able to understand the importance of ethics and
CSR in the day-to-day working of organizations.
2. learn the issues involved in maintaining ethics and how to deal with such situations and learn
scope of business ethics in Compliance, finance, Human resources, marketing, and production.
Suggested Readings:
1. Prof. Dr Biswajit Satpathy: Indian Ethos And Values, Elite Publications
2. Manuel G Velasquez: Business ethics- concepts and cases Pearson.
3. Luthans Hodgetts and Thompson: Social issues in business, Macmillan USA
4. A.C. Fernando: Business Ethics Pearson Education.
5. A.C. Fernando: Corporate Governance Pearson Education.
6. Adrian Davies: Strategic approach to corporate governance Gower Pub Co.
7. N. Gopalswamy: Corporate governance a new paradigm A H Wheeler Publishing Co Ltd.
8. Marianne M Jennings: Cases in Business Ethics Indian South-Western College Publishing
1. Kevin Gibson: Ethics and Business, An Introduction, Cambridge Applied Ethics
Cambridge University Press
2. Bhanumurthy K V: Ethics and Social Responsibility of Business, Pearson Education India.
Course Objectives:
1. To understand the production and operation function and familiarize students with the technique for
planning and control.
3. To understand the application of operations management policies and techniques to the service
sector as well as manufacturing firms.
4. To identify and evaluate the key factors and their interdependence of these factors in the design
of effective operating systems.
Course contents:
Unit I: Introduction to Production & Operations Management: Definition, need, responsibilities, key
decisions of OM, goods vs. services. Operations as a key functional area in an organisation.
Operation Strategies-Definition, relevance, strategy formulation process, order qualifying and order
winning attribute
Maintenance Management: Need of maintenance management, equipment life cycle (Bathtub curve),
measures for maintenance performance (MTBF, MTTR and availability).
Lean production: Definition of lean production, lean Demand Pull logic, waste in operations,elements
that address elimination of waste, 2 card kanban Production Control system.
Unit II: Forecasting-Definition, types, qualitative (grass roots, market research and delphi method)
and quantitative approach (simple moving average method, weighted moving average and single
exponential smoothing method), forecast error, MAD.
Scheduling: Operation scheduling, goals of short term scheduling, job sequencing (FCFS, SPT, EDD,
LPT, CR) & Johnson’s rule on two machines, Gantt charts.
Unit III: Process Selection: Definition, Characteristics that influence the choice of alternative
processes (volume and variety), type of processes- job shop, batch, mass and continuous, product-
process design Matrix and Services design matrix, technology issues in process design, flexible
manufacturing systems (FMS), Computer integrated manufacturing (CIM).
Layout Decision: Layout planning – Benefits of good layout, importance, different types of layouts
(Process, Product, Group technology and Fixed position layout). Assembly line balancing by using
LOT rule; Location Decisions & Models: Facility Location – Objective, factors that influence location
decision, location evaluation methods- factor rating method.
Capacity Planning: Definition, measures of capacity (input and output), types of planning over time
horizon. Decision trees analysis
Unit IV: Aggregate Planning: Definition, nature, strategies of aggregate planning, methods of
aggregate planning (level plan, chase plan and mixed plan, keeping in mind demand, workforce and
average inventory), Statistical Quality control: Variations in process (common & assignable causes),
Control charts: Variable measures (mean and range chart), Attribute measures (proportion of defects
and no. of defects) using control tables. Elementary Queuing Theory: Poisson- Exponential Single
Server Model with Infinite Population. (Question based on M/M/1.
Course Outcome:
1. Gaining knowledge about managing production processes. How to run operations effectively.
Better understanding of modern production techniques. Better understanding of quality
management.
2. understand the trends and challenges of Operations Management in the current business
environment.
Suggested Readings:
1. Mahadevan B, Operations Management Theory & Practice, Pearson Education
2. Heizer Jay and Render Barry , Production & Operations Management, Pearson Education
3. Chase R B, Aquilano N J , Jacobs F R and Agarwal N, Production & Operations
Management Manufacturing and Services, Tata McGraw Hill
4. S.P. Gupta, Statistical methods, Sultan Chand & Sons .
5. Adam,E.E and Ebert, Production & operations Management, Prentice Hall of India, New
Delhi
6. S.N. Chary, Production & operations management – Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi
7. Buffa E S, &Sarin R K, Modern Production / Operations Management (8th edition) John
Wiley, 1994
8. Gaither and Frazier, Operations Management, Thomson South-Western
9. Operations Research, P. K. Gupta, Man Mohan, KantiSwarup, Sultan Chand
10. Operations Research, V. K. Kapoor. Sultan Chand & Sons
INDIA’S DIVERSITY AND BUSINESS
Course Objective:
1. The objective of the paper is to understand the bases of India’s diversity and its linkages with the people,
livelihood, occupational diversity and socio-economic challenges.
2. Further, it aims at understanding the diversity and its implications for the business.
Course Contents:
Unit I: Recognizing, Accommodating and valuing diversity
• Challenges and dilemmas posed by diversity and drive for homogenization; Sources of
dilemma and tension - immigration, competition for limited resources;
• Regional bases of India’s diversity: regional approach to understanding diversity in terms of
India’s topography, drainage, soil, climate, natural vegetation, rural and urban settlements
Unit II: Social diversity in India:
• Peopling, demography, languages, castes, ethnicity, religions, sects, family, kinship and
social institutions; socio-cultural regions
• Traditional livelihoods and their nature - agriculture, crafts, industry and services;
• Region, occupation and employment
Unit III: Linkages between Diversity and India’s Socio-economic challenges
• Regional variations in terms of geographic and socio-economic factors- trends and emerging
options;
• Food insecurity, economic inequalities and poverty, environmental degradation and
sustainable development;
Unit IV: Diversity and Business
• Indian Consumers and marketing; Rural and Urban context
• Diversity, manufacturing, industry and services;
• Diversity and Innovation;
• Workforce diversity and management
Course Outcome:
1. Students should be able to develop an understanding of different types of diversity.
2. To understand the inter linkages between diversity and socio-economic challenges.
3. To understand impact of diversity on business opportunities and decisions.
Suggested Readings:
• Bhatt, B. L. (1980) “India and Indian Regions: A Critical Overview” in David E. Sopher, ‘An
Exploration of India - Geographical Perspectives on Society and Culture’. Cornell. Pages- 35-
61 for Socio cultural regions.
• Bill Aitken, Seven sacred rivers, Penguin Books, 1992
• Bose NK (1969) Unity in Indian Diversity in Desai AR (1969 ) Rural Sociology in India,
reprinted 2009, Popular Prakashan, (for diversity as strength Part II chap 3 pp 134-136)
• Chakravarti AK (2004) Regional Preferences for Food: Some Aspects of Food Habit Patterns
In India in Grover N and KN Singh (eds) 2004,Cultural Geography: Form and Process ,
Concept Publishers, Delhi ( for regional specificity of food -Chap 23 pp 355 to 375)
• Fernando Mart n-Alca zar Pedro M. Romero-Ferna ndez Gonzalo Sa nchez- Gardey,
Transforming Human Resource Management Systems to Cope with Diversity, Journal of
Business Ethics, 2012, 107:511-531
• Gadgil and Guha Ecology and Equity: The use and abuse of nature in contemporary India.
Penguin 1995
• Gail Robinson and Kathleen Dechant, Building a business case for diversity, Academy of
Management Executive 1997, Vol 11, No. 3
• Kaul, Vijay Kumar, ‘Innovation Revolution: Harnessing India’s Diversity’ Yojana,
November 2014, also available at SSRN , http://ssrn.com/abstract=2517855
• Kaul, Vijay Kumar, INDIA'S DIVERSITY AND GLOBALISATION: UNIFYING FORCES
AND INNOVATION, Working paper in Social Sciences Research Network(SSRN) ,June
2014 http://ssrn.com/abstract=2444668
• Kaul, Vijay Kumar, INDIA'S DIVERSITY: FROM CONFLICT TO INNOVATION,
Working paper in Social Sciences Research Network(SSRN), June 2014
http://ssrn.com/abstract=2444099
• Kaul, Vijay Kumar, Managing Diversity, in Business Organisation and Management, chapter
35, Pearson Education, 2012.
• Nehru J (1946) The Discovery of India, OUP, chaps 4-8
• Sopher, D.E-“The Geographical Patterning of Culture of India” in David E. Sopher ‘An
Exploration of India- Geographical Perspectives on Society and Culture’. Cornell, Pages- 289-
3