Aim: To generate TI Carrier bit stream using MATLAB

Theory:

Tl digital carrier system is a North American digital multiplexing standard since 1963. TI
stands for transmission one and specifies a digital carrier system using PCM encoded analog
signal. A TI carrier system is time division multiplexes PCM encoded samples from 24 voice
band channels for transmission over a single metallic wire pair or optical fibre transmission line.
Each voice band channel has BW around 300Hz to 3000KHz.
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'' ' ''' >-f H , .. , .. ,,l,0. .11111f,
. . . ,.,1,,.,.._. 1t1ul

Fig! : Tl digital system

A multiplexer is simply a digital switch with 24 independent inputs and one time division
multiplexed output. The PCM output signals from 24 voice band channe ls are sequentially
selected and connected through the multiplexer to the transmission line. With TI carrier system,
there is sampling, encoding and multiplexing of24 voice band channels. Each channel contains
an 8-bit PCM code and sampled 8000 times a second. Each channel is sampled at same rate but
not at same time. The figure shows that, each channel is sampled once in each frame, but not at
same time. Each channel's sample is offset from previous channel's sample by 1/24 of total
frame time. Therefore one 64Kbps PCM encoded sample is transmitted for each voice band
channel during each frame. The line Speed is calculated as:

11 ,z ln ts 8000 t rnmc-s
T /111s - .- - · X • , l. 5 3C>Mbps
f 1 flllU' .\' 1•1 ·u1u 1

-...,11 , p t,·11

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[l :;·~"•' I ... ?~'""'~IE:] '

1 ti.,n'\4!! - 19J b ,1-.

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8t.M1,

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Fig2 : TI frame structure

An additional bit (called framing bit) is added to each frame. The framing bit occurs once per
frame (8000bps rate) and recovered in receiver, where it is used to maintain frame and sample
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synchronization between TDM transmitter and receiver. So each frame contains 193 bits and
line speed for TI digital carrier system is

~
l<J 3 bit.~ (!000 fram Ps
- - - x -- - -- 1.544Mbps
frame second

~ Program:

~
~
clc;
clear all;
I
close all;
~
I
%PCM of 24 signals
No_samples=input('Enter no of samples to be considered/s ignal for display:');
~~ Total_Bitsper Signal=No_samples*8; ¾each sample represented in 8 bi ts
~ PCM_signals=randi([O, I], 24, Total_BitsperSignal);
. .__.,
f
figure(!);
for i=l:24
subplot(24, l ,i);
~ I stem(PCM_signals(i,: ));
title(sprintf(' PCM Sig:nal.-%d',i));
~ end

~
xlabel('bi ts------------>');
ylabel('amp------------->');
~ -~
%Mullip lxing of24 PCM signals
~ ---a
.,__, Tl frame=[];
for i=l:8:Total_BitsperSignal

f, multiplexed_signal=[];
for j=l:24.
multiplexed_signal=[multiplexed_signal PCM_signals(j,i:i+7)];

~('
ti -• end
end
Tlframe=[Tlframe Omultiplexed_signal ];

t-;- -9 figure(2);

J_, stem(T I frame);

~,
I x label('b its------------->');

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ylabel('amp-------------->');

,~
tfI •a

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Sample Input/Output:
·Enter no of samples to be considered/signal for display: 8

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Thus, rhe MATLAB code is developed for the generation o f the TI bit stream and verified wi th
--a the necessary wavcfonns.
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