CLASS –XII

TOPIC : SOLUTIONS
1. The number of moles of KCl in 3 litres of 3M solution is
(a) 1
(b) 4
(c) 9
(d) 7
2. 4 L of 0.02 M aqueous solution of NaCl was diluted by adding one litre of water . The molality
of resulting solution is
(a) 0.004
(b) 0.008
(c) 0.016
(d) 0.012
3. What is the mole fraction of benzene in solution containing 30% by mass in CCl4.?
(a) 0.541
(b) 0.459
(c) 0.514
(d) 0.489
4. Vapour pressure of water at 293 K if 17.535 mm Hg . Calculate the vapour pressure of water at
293 K when 25 g glucose is dissolved in 450 g of water
(a) 15.44 mm Hg
(b) 15.43 mm of mercury
(c) 17.44 mm Hg
(d) 17.04 mm of Hg
5. 6.02 x 1020 molecules of urea are present in 100 ml of its solution. The concentration of the
solution is
(a) 0.02 M
(b) 0.01M
(c) 0.001 M
(d) 0.1 M
6. The porous membrane used in Reverse osmosis plant is made up by
(a) Cellulose acetate
(b) Potassium nitrate
(c) Mercuric iodide
(d) Starch
7. The unit of ebullioscopic constant is
(a) K kgmo1-1
(b) Mol kg K-1
(c) Kg mol-1 K-1
(d) K mol kg-1
8. If molality of the dilute solution is doubled, the value of the molal depression constant (Kf)
will be
(a) Doubled
(b) Halved
(c) Tripled
(d) Unchanged.
9. At a certain temperature , the value of the slope of the plot of osmotic pressure (π) against
concentration (C in mol L-1) of a certain polymer solution is 291 R. The temperature at which
osmotic pressure is measured is (R is gas constant).
(a) 271 oC
(b) 18 oC
(c) 564 K
(d) 18K
10. The amount of solute (molar mass 60 g mo-1) that must be added to 180 g of water so that
that the vapour pressure of water is lowered by 10% is
(a) 30 g
(b) 60g
(c) 120g
(d) 12 g
11. Which of the following 0.10 m aqueous solutions will have the lowest freezing point ?
(a) Al2(SO4)3
(b) C6H12O6
(c) KCl
(d) C12H22O11
12. Which of the following pairs of solution are isotonic at the same temperature ?
(a) 0.1 M Ca(NO3)2 and 0.1 M Na2SO4
(b) 0.1 M NaCl and 0.1 M Na2SO4
(c) 0.1 M urea and 0.1 M MgCl2
(d) 0.2 M urea and 0.1 M NaCl
13. The value of Henry's constant KH is _______.
(a) greater for gases with higher solubility.
(b) greater for gases with lower solubility.
(c) not related to the solubility of gases.
(d) constant for all gases
14. We have three aqueous solutions of NaCl labelled as 'A', 'B' and 'C' with concentrations 0.1M,
0.01M and 0.001M, respectively. The value of van't Hoff factor for these solutions will be in the
order ________.
(a) iA < iB < iC
(b) iA > iB > iC
(c) iA = iB = iC
(d) iA < iB > iC
15. In a 0.2 molal aqueous solution of a weak acid HX the degreeof ionization is 0.3. Taking kf
for water as 1.85, the freezingpoint of the solution will be nearest to
(a) – 0.360ºC
(b) – 0.260ºC
(c) + 0.481ºC
(d) – 0.481ºC
Directions : Each of these questions contain two statements,Assertion and Reason. Each of these
questions also has fouralternative choices, only one of which is the correct answer. You have to
select one of the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) given below.
(a) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is a correct explanation for assertion.
(b) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is not a correct explanation for assertion
(c) Assertion is correct, reason is incorrect
(d) Assertion is incorrect, reason is correct.
16. Assertion : Molarity of a solution in liquid state changes with temperature.
Reason : The volume of a solution changes with change in temperature.
17. Assertion : If a liquid solute more volatile than the solvent is added to the solvent, the vapour
pressure of the solution may increase i.e., ps > po.
Reason : In the presence of a more volatile liquid solute,only the solute will form the vapours
and solvent will not.
18. Assertion : Azeotropic mixtures are formed only by non-ideal solutions and they may have
boiling
points either greater than both the components or less than both the components.
Reason : The composition of the vapour phase is same as that of the liquid phase of an azeotropic
mixture.
19. Assertion : When methyl alcohol is added to water, boiling point of water increases.
Reason : When a volatile solute is added to a volatile solvent elevation in boiling point is
observed.
20. Assertion : When NaCl is added to water a depression in freezing point is observed.
Reason : The lowering of vapour pressure of a solution causes depression in the freezing point
Read the given passage and answer the questions 1 to 5 that follow:
21. An ideal solution of two liquids is a solution in which each component obeys Raoult’s law.
However there are many solutions which do not obey Raoult’s law. In other words they show
deviation from ideal behavior which may be positive and negative. However in either case they
form a constant boiling mixtures called azeotropes.
(a) State Raoult’s law for a solution containing volatile liquid.
(b) Give an example of mixture which shows positive behavior from Raoult’s law.
(c) 1 mole of liquid A and 2 moles of liquid B make a solution having a total vapour
pressure of 38 torr. The vapour pressure of pure A and pure B are 45 torr and 36 torr
respectively .Predict whether the solution will show positive or negative deviation from Raoult’s
law and justify your answer.
(d) Carbon tetrachloride and water are immiscible while ethyl alcohol and water are
Miscible in all proportions . Correlate the above behavior with the structural nature of
molecules of these compounds.
(e) For a non ideal solution showing negative deviation , Δ V mixing is _____
and ΔH mixing is __________.
22. Under what conditions van’t Hoff factor is (i) less than 1 (iii) more than1?

SA TYPE QUESTIONS (2&3 MARKS)

23. A decimolar solution of potassium ferrocyanide at 300 K is 50 % dissociated. Calculate the
osmotic pressure of the solution. (Ans: 7.483 atm)
24. Equimolal Solution of NaCl and BaCl2 are prepared in H2O. Freezing point. of NaCl is found
to be – 2 °C. What freezing point do you expect from BaCl2 Solution ? (Ans: -3oC)
25. State Henry’s law correlating the pressure of a gas and its solubility in a solvent and mention
two applications for the law.
26. Non ideal solutions exhibit either positive or negative deviations from Raoult’s law.What are
these deviations and why are they caused? Explain with one example for each type.
27. Calculate the temperature at which a solution containing 54 g of glucose , in 250 g of water
will freeze.(Kf for water=1.86 K kg mol-1). (Ans: 270.77 K)
28. The vapour pressure of a solvent decreases by 10 mm of Hg when a non-volatile solute is
added to solvent . The mole fraction of the solute in solution is equal to 0.2. What should be the
mole fraction solvent if the decrease in vapour pressure is to be 20 mmof Hg. (Ans: 0.6)
29. 15 g of an unknown molecular material is dissolved in 450 g of water. The resulting solution
freezes at -0.34oC.What is the molar mass of the material?(Kf of water =1.86 K Kg mol-1)
(Ans : 182.35 g mol-1)
30. A solution containing 8 g of a substance in 100 g of diethyl ether boils at 36.86oC, whereas
pure ether boils at 35.60oC .Determine the molecular mass of the solute.(Kb for ether =2.02 K kg/
mol )
(Ans:128.25 gmol-1)
31. Given reason for the following :–
(a) Aquatic species are more comfortable in cold water than in warm water.
(b) To avoid bends scuba divers use air diluted with helium.
(c ) Why a person suffering from high blood pressure is advised to take minimum quantity of
common salt?
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS- (5 Marks)
32. (a)What are ideal solutions? Give two examples.
(b) Calculate the osmoic pressure in pasals exerted by a solution prepared by dissolving
1.0 g of polymer of mol. mass 185000 in 450 ml of water at 37°C. (Ans:318 Pa)
33. (a) Define the term ‘osmotic pressure’. Describe how the molecular mass of a substance can
be determined on the basis of osmotic pressure measurement.
(b) How does osmotic pressure depend on temperature and atmospheric pressure, what is the
molar concentration of solute particles in the human blood, if the osmotic pressure is 7.2 atm at
the body temperature of 370C? (Ans: 0.028 mol/L)
34. (a)Differentiate between molarity and molality of a solution. What is the effect of change in
temperature of a solution on its molality and molarity?
(b) 0.85 % aqueous solution of NaNO3 is apparently 90 % dissociated at 27oC. Calculate its
osmotic
pressure.(R= 0.082 L atmK-1 mol-1) (Ans: 4.68 atm)
35. (a)Differentiate between minimum and maximum boiling azeotropes and give an example of
each.
(b)An aqueous solution containing 12.48 g of barium chloride in 1.0 kg of water boils at
373.0832 K.
Calculate the degree of dissociation of barium chloride.[Given Kb for H2O== 0.52 Km-1, molar
mass of BaCl2 =208.34 g mol-1) (Ans: 83.5%)