MA2001 CA1 Compilation

No. Question Answer

✓
1.
𝜙=
𝑇𝐿
𝐺𝐽
=> 𝑇 =
𝜙𝐺𝐽
𝐿

05T¥
-
𝜋 4
𝐽 = (𝑐2 − 𝑐14 )

t.INT#)T=0Y-P--Tw=2tYoT-
2
2 𝜋𝑁𝑇
𝑃=
60
𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑇, 𝐽 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑃
2 𝜋𝑁 𝜙𝐺 𝜋 4
𝑃= × × (𝑐2 − 𝑐14 )
60 𝐿 2
𝜋 2 𝑁 𝜙𝐺

*¥¥¥É
'
F- Ftw 𝑃= × × (𝑐24 − 𝑐14 )

=2-a%¢÷
60 𝐿
𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑁 = 180 𝑟𝑝𝑚, 𝑐 = 𝑅

p=2tN÷
𝜋 2 180 𝜙𝐺
𝑃= × × (𝑅𝑜4 − 𝑅𝐼4 )
60 𝐿

µ=7ñ0GT{Ro4_Ri
= 𝟑𝝅𝟐 𝑮𝝓(𝑹𝟒𝒐 − 𝑹𝟒𝑰 )
𝑷=
𝑳

2. 𝜖𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 ∆𝑙
𝑣=− ,𝜖 =
𝜖𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐿
0.0045
g-
-

− 30
-4¥ ±
E. ¥
𝑣= −
"
a. 0.09

g-
200
=
𝒗 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟑

3. False.
Two-force members do not have moments. Just forces that act in the longitudinal axis.

/
o False ✓
ZFM
o True
⇐ →

load
¢ 4.
→
𝜋
𝐽 = (𝑐24 − 𝑐14 )
2
←f→Nota2FM
transverse trans
𝑇𝐿
𝜙=
Not ZFMM
↳→
𝐺𝐽
Efraim)
a
0=¥ 5- 𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝐽 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝜙

bending
𝑇𝐿
𝜙= 𝜋 has
a¥¥r
"
𝐺 [ (𝑐24 − 𝑐14 )]
=

, 2
✗ 2𝑇𝐿
𝜙=
𝜋(𝑐2 − 𝑐14 )𝐺
4

𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑐2 = 𝑅 & 𝑐1 = 𝑟
⇐1=-9
1
 𝟐𝑻𝑳
𝝓=
𝝅(𝑹𝟒 − 𝒓𝟒 )𝑮
5. 𝜋 𝑇𝐿
𝐽 = 𝑐4, 𝜙 =
-
2 𝐺𝐽
𝑐𝜙
𝛾=
¢=¥-
r=¥ 𝐿
𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝜙 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝛾𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑐𝑇𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝐿
" 𝛾𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
f=¥ s=Er 𝐿𝐺𝐽
𝛾𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝐺𝐽
𝑇𝑎𝑙𝑙 =
𝑐

=%÷*
𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝐽 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝛾𝑚𝑎𝑥
raid 𝑇𝑎𝑙𝑙 =
𝜋
𝛾𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝐺 (2 𝑐 4 )
=
𝑐
𝜋𝛾𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝐺𝑐 3
𝑇𝑎𝑙𝑙 =
2
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑐 = 𝑅
𝝅𝜸𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝑮𝑹𝟑
𝑻𝒂𝒍𝒍 =
𝟐
6. 𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑟𝑜𝑑 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡,
𝑃 𝑃 4𝑃
←
HE 𝜎𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝜎𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙 = =
𝐴 𝜋𝑑 2 =
𝜋𝑑2 fall = Tom -1 Asad
PhI×-¥*s
4 .

t€ 𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑟𝑜𝑑 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡,

⇐
÷ :
,÷=¥ñ 𝜎𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 𝜎𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙 + 𝜎𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔
𝑃 𝑀𝑦
=
÷ -1¥
¥ -1M¥ f-
𝜎𝑎𝑙𝑙 = +
a- 𝐴 𝐼
𝑑
Ñ= 4𝑃 𝑃ℎ (2 )
=¥µ+P fax :L 1- Oberlin 𝜎𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 2 +
𝜋𝑑 𝜋𝑑4 Topor bottom

s•=÷÷'+¥÷
64

,¥*¥-
4𝑃 32𝑃ℎ
=
5𝜎𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 2 +

¥:
𝜋𝑑 𝜋𝑑3
" 4𝑃
4 2=
32𝑃ℎ

=¥¥+¥÷¥
𝜋𝑑 𝜋𝑑3 ,
16𝑃 32𝑃ℎ

%÷i÷i¥÷¥*"÷→
=
%¥=h=h=zd
𝜋𝑑2 𝜋𝑑3
2ℎ
1=
.
- = 0.5dg
,
𝑑
𝒉 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝒅
7. C.
Axial stress is constant at all points.
Bending stress (tensile and compressive) is greatest at all corners.
At point C, axial stress and all bending stress are tensile, and all add up to form the largest combined stress.

2
 8. Maximum Compression.
Considering bending moment only, moment about the z-axis tells us that the top edge is compressive, and the
bottom edge is tension.
Moment y-axis tells us that the left edge is compressed, and the right edge is in tension.
→
14kW As such, at point G (top left corner) with have compressive in both z and y axes. Thus, the greatest compression.
☒ → SANT E↳42kN

[
Ib %
28kW
¥
9.

g.*
=p ,, .int ) -11¥ " )
¥ .
Other options cropped but answer is amongst
options I -4 1- Ad =
'

.fi#:Y: :---::--l4HYzbP--/9ox48//ss.oYik0I
÷ b¥ "
=
✗ Ad

#
1%14,539%0--510 4mm =3 7- 1- * Hmm
.
𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑒𝑢𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑥𝑖𝑠, 𝑦 ̅
𝐴1 𝑦1 + 𝐴2 𝑦2 = (𝐴1 + 𝐴2 )𝑦̅
𝐴1 𝑦1 + 𝐴2 𝑦2 (48 × 96) × 48 − (36 × 36)(12 + 18)
b¥
'
Ad 𝑦̅ = = = 55.04𝑚𝑚
3.77×106-0.957×106 Iq = +
𝐴1 + 𝐴2 (48 × 96) − (36 × 36)
7691*+116×336161.04-7)
ix. =
= 𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚, 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑎, 𝐼
I
=%I÷÷÷: = o - 953×106 mink
𝐼 = (𝐼1 + 𝐴1 𝐷12 ) − (𝐼2 + 𝐴2 𝐷22 )
𝐼 =[
48 × 963
+ (48 × 96)(55.04 − 48)2 ] − [
364
+ 362 (55.04 − 30)2 ]
"
12 12
=
2. 817×106 m
𝑰 = 𝟐. 𝟖𝟏𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝒎𝒎𝟒 = 𝟐. 𝟖𝟏𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 𝒎𝟒
r
10.
EMBO
to $
play) Enlil
°
-

, + -

A Fcp =

-Px-f÷
=
,P";÷ b ∑𝑀𝐵 = 0 (𝐶𝑊 + 𝑣𝑒)
𝑅𝐶 𝑋 + 𝑃(𝑋 + 𝑌) = 0
r
Fen .PK#k-
-

9 𝑹𝑪 = −
𝑷(𝑿 + 𝒀)
𝑿

3
 Normal
✓11.
←⇐r→ Em
𝟒𝟓°.
𝐷𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑤𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑖𝑛 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑖𝑠 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑎𝑡 45°𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.

*-→→*EÉ*
shear

①
12. shear 𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚,
.

𝐼 = (𝐼1 + 𝐴1 𝐷12 ) − (𝐼2 + 𝐴2 𝐷22 ), 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 1 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑖𝑔 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 2 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 2 𝑐𝑢𝑡𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑠
I =
b¥ -

b¥, 𝑏1 ℎ13 2
𝑏2 ℎ23
𝐼=( + 𝐴1 (0) ) − ( + 𝐴2 (0)2 ) , 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑡 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠, 𝐷 = 0
24k¥ afa÷
=
12 12
In
(2𝑎)4 𝑎4
,

𝐼= −
=
10¥ ¥ - 12
𝟏𝟓𝒂𝟒
12
𝑰=
"÷

I
𝟏𝟐

13. B.
To determine the direction of moment (converting from double arrow to curve arrow), use the right hand grip
rule, where the thumb is the double arrow direction and the 4 fingers show the curve direction. As shown in the
, diagram, the curver direction is correct, and the top surface is being “squeezed”, hence it is under compression.

I
14. A.
To determine the direction of moment (converting from double arrow to curve arrow), use the right hand grip
rule, where the thumb is the double arrow direction and the 4 fingers show the curve direction. Then to
determine the vertical shear direction, imagine the element (in the diagram), on its left side, it follows the
direction of rotation on the left. Similarly on the right side, it follows the direction of rotation on the right. Draw
the vertical arrows, then for the horizontal arrows, just know that the shear horizontal and vertical arrows always
-

meet. As such, you can draw the horizontal arrows that will connect them.

4
 ¥
15. x direction.
The bending stresses caused act about 2 axis, the y axis and z axis.
Bsa Note that the result of the bending stress always act along the x-axis. Depending on whether your element is
above or below the neutral axis, it can either be in tension or compression along the x-axis.
Hence, it is clear that the bending stresses in this diagram only act along the x-direction.
?
* I
,

16. 𝜋 4 𝑇𝐿
𝐽= (𝑐2 − 𝑐14 ), 𝜙 =
2 𝐺𝐽

f-
r¥¢=¥¥
𝑐𝜙
𝛾=
𝐿
𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝜙 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝛾
𝑐𝑇𝐿 cT
𝛾= = , notice that L is not in equation

a¥=¥
𝐿𝐺𝐽 GJ
Let γ𝐿 = γmax ,
cT
γL = = γmax
GJ
𝐜𝐓
𝛄𝟎.𝟓𝐋 = = 𝛄𝐦𝐚𝐱
𝐆𝐉
/
17. 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑝 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑝𝑡 1, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑝𝑡 2,
𝐴1 𝑦1 + 𝐴2 𝑦2 = (𝐴1 + 𝐴2 )𝑦̅
𝐴1 𝑦1 + 𝐴2 𝑦2 (4𝑎 × 2𝑎)(4𝑎 + 𝑎) + (4𝑎 × 𝑎)(2𝑎) 40𝑎3 + 8𝑎3
AI
1¥11
𝑦̅ = = =
•
𝐴1 + 𝐴2 (4𝑎 × 2𝑎) + (4𝑎 × 𝑎) 12𝑎2
.ci
A- g- AT A ̅ = 𝟒𝒂
𝒚

÷÷:-. Aig AJ ¥¥÷H÷-

YI=
nñ
III. ÷
" "
- -
"
""
u¥a =
Han
18. 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑤𝑛 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑣𝑖𝑒𝑤
𝑃 pin

←→t→t
-

𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠, 𝜎𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 = T

𝐴
𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐, 𝑃 = 𝑇 t T
r
𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑖𝑛, 𝐴 = 𝑑 × 𝑡
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑑 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑖𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒
• =
𝑻 d
∴ 𝝈𝑩𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈 =
𝒅𝒕

=¥, o•=¥
5
 ✓19.
𝐼𝑁𝐴 =
𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 × ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 3
12
for when the axis is along the centroid
base × height 3

§NA=I=b¥
I= 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒
3
, 𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑏 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒍 𝑡𝑜 𝑁𝐴, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ℎ 𝑖𝑠 ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒑𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝑡𝑜 𝑁𝐴
𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 = ℎ, ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 𝑏
Ix×=b¥ , ∴𝑰=
𝒉𝒃𝟑
𝟑
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑓: 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚,
𝐼𝑥𝑥 = 𝐼𝑁𝐴 + AD2
hb3 𝑏 2 hb3 hb3 hb3
Ixx = + ℎ𝑏 ( ) = + =
12 2 12 4 3

✓20. 𝐽=
𝜋 4
2
𝑐

F- THE
- . -
.

𝑇𝐿

F- ¥1s
5- 1T¥ ⑨ =
𝜙=
𝐺𝐽
𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝐽 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝜙

:*
𝑇𝐿
=
:÷ = 𝜙=
𝜋𝐺𝑅 4

f-
.

2
𝟐𝑻𝑳
𝝓=
𝝅𝑹𝟒 𝑮
21. 𝑃
𝑃𝑖𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑜𝑢𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟, 𝜏 =
2𝐴
𝜋𝑑2
' 𝐶𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑖𝑛, 𝐴 =
A- - tr 4
𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝐴 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝜏
¥
-11¥
F- =
𝑃 𝑃

*
.

𝜏= 2 =
A- Tir
?
𝜋𝑑 𝜋𝑑2
2( 4 ) 2
=
z÷ =
-11¥ 𝟐𝑷
𝝉=
𝝅𝒅𝟐
/
"
¥ "

22. 𝑀𝑎𝑥 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 (𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡 𝑜𝑟 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒)
y

☒
𝑏
-7b¥ 𝑦=
2
NA
- ?¥ ÷ 𝐼=
ℎ𝑏
12
3

c¥÷
𝑀𝑦
𝜎𝐵 = 𝐼
h
𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝐼 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝜎𝐵
𝒃
𝑴( )
𝝈𝑩 = 𝟐
𝒉𝒃𝟑
𝟏𝟐 b

"P "
IT
§¥µ
FYI W=2ñf
"
"

Niter 6
p=Tw=2aY T =
Torgau

w=2Ñ←rad|
✓
23. D.
Note that the question “cuts” the diagram in half and keeps the right half.

For the axial internal force direction, it is equal and opposite of the external force direction. Since the external
force direction is pointing to the left, the internal force should point to the right for the object to remain in

Ha
equilibrium.

Note that the external force is not along the longitudinal axis at the internal force location, thus a moment is
generated. Taking the point of “cut” as the pivot point, the external force will create a CW moment. Hence, the
internal moment generated must be CCW to mitigate the external CW moment effect.

Thus, the internal forces are to the right and CCW moment.

i
24. B.
Note to focus on the forces on the right side only. This question is not asking about internal force (reaction), but
rather an alternative way to represent external forces.

The eccentric load can be represented by an axial load plus a moment generated from it.
Axial load direction and value does not change.
Moment generated will be the product of the force and distance to the new “point” (centroid axis).
In this case, the moment generated is CCW.

1=>7 Thus, the axial force is to the right and the moment is CCW.

7
✓
25. ∠𝐶𝐵𝐴 = 180° − 60° − 30° = 90°
𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑟𝑢𝑙𝑒,

,¥o=÷
𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
= =
.

sin(90°) sin(30°) sin(60°)

𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐴 = 100𝑁,
D= Iou sin 30 song,
=

100 sin(30°)
𝐵=
sin(90°)
𝑩 = 𝟓𝟎𝑵

i
26.
-
Upwards and CCW.
Note that this question “cuts” the beam, as such we are dealing with internal forces (reaction).
Dealing with the vertical force, the internal force opposes it, hence it points upwards.
Next take, the point of “cut” as the pivot point. The external load makes a CW moment. As such, the internal

¥7
moment opposes it and is CCW.

Therfore the internal vertical force is upwards and the internal moment is CCW.

/
27.
𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠, 𝑆 =
𝐼
𝑐

s = ¥ I =T¥- 𝑂𝑛𝑒 𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝑡𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 𝑖𝑠 ∶

𝑀𝑐 𝑀 𝐼
𝜎𝐵 = = ∴𝑆=
𝐼 𝑆 𝑐

÷÷i
𝜋𝑐 4
𝐼𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 =
4
𝜋𝑐 4

y
,
,g ∴𝑆= 4
𝝅𝒄𝟑
𝑐
𝑺=
𝟒

8
✓
28. ∠𝐶𝐵𝐴 = 180° − 30° − 50° = 100°
𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑟𝑢𝑙𝑒,
𝐴 𝐵 𝐶

¥ gtfo
= =
in
-

-
sin(100°) sin(30°) sin(50°)
.
𝐁 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝟓𝟎°) A sin(50°)
𝐂= =

c=ñ÷¥→
𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝟑𝟎°) sin(100°)
✗

29. B.
✓ For a pure shear stress problem, the shear experienced at 45° is the same as experiencing a tensile stress along
the direction where the two arrows point together. And laterally, it would experience a compressive stress.

The image below illustrates this phenomenon.

-
E÷i¥¥¥ .
Tension

45°
Compression

30. 𝜎𝑥
𝑢𝑛𝑖 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚, 𝜀𝑥 =
𝐸 a- EE
s=¥÷ -0¥
𝜎𝑥 𝑣𝜎𝑦

g-
𝑏𝑖 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚, 𝜀𝑥 = −
E⇐-
E-
𝐸 𝐸
-

𝑡𝑟𝑖 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚, 𝜀𝑥 =

𝜎𝑥 𝑣𝜎𝑦 𝑣𝜎𝑧
− − E-
¥9 _v¥E=2h/HD
E- 𝐸 𝐸 𝐸
-

𝑁𝑜𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑘𝑒𝑦 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑛′ 𝑠 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜(𝑣)

∴ 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑 𝑏𝑒:
𝑬 = 𝟐𝑮(𝟏 + 𝒗) G- ¥-0 E-
-

:
31. False.
Bar ABC experiences forces that are perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, thus cannot be a two-force member.

9
÷
32. Nomal stresses only.
Consider an plane element not oriented at any angle. It experiences max shear stress as shown below, and can
be represented at 45 degrees to only have normal stress. At other angles, it can have a combination of normal
and shear stress.

33. F
sin θ = P
𝑭 = 𝑷 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽
𝐹

PSINQ

-5¥ F*=PH 𝜃
Paro 𝑃

I
34. Acts parallel to the member (longitudinal) axis.
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝜎𝐵 =
𝑀𝑦
𝐼

÷÷⇐÷
' 𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑦 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑁𝐴 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑦
.
✗

35. E.
" Approach this question by simplifying it in terms of axes.

JII
""
FE##
14𝑘𝑁
•

→
¥€¥¥¥BIi¥%→ 𝑥−𝑥

-
→¥÷i 28 + 28 = 56𝑘𝑁 𝑁𝑒𝑡 = 42𝑘𝑁

'
¥! ☐¥ad☐
Side view

A•%
" 𝑦−𝑦
,
-91T¥
28𝑘𝑁

3.*
'
ztf.vn 14 + 28 = 42𝑘𝑁
𝑁𝑒𝑡 = 14𝑘𝑁
, Top view

10
 Note that the distance portion was not included in the diagram.

From the side view, we can find the net moment about x-x. The BLUE line creates a CCW moment about x-x and
the ORANGE line creates a CW moment, after summing them up, we get the GREEN line. The GREEN line shows
us that the ultimately, the greatest tension is at the bottom edge of the diagram.

From the top view, we can find the net moment about y-y. The BLUE line creates a CW moment and the ORANGE
creates a CCW moment about y-y. The GREEN line is the net moment and shows that ultimately, the greatest
tension lies on the right side.

Combining this 2 information, we know that the greatest tension is in the bottom and right edges. Thus the
bottom right corner is the greatest.

÷
36. 𝑷 − 𝟐𝑷 = −𝑷
𝐵𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛,
𝑇𝐸𝑁𝑆𝐼𝑂𝑁 𝑖𝑠 + 𝑣𝑒
→
P 𝐶𝑂𝑀𝑃𝑅𝐸𝑆𝑆𝐼𝑂𝑁 𝑖𝑠 − 𝑣𝑒
☐
→

-
p

37. 𝑏ℎ3
𝐼= for rectangular cross − section
12
𝒃𝒕𝟑
𝑰=
𝟏𝟐
-

f-
_=b¥
=

1¥ ,

/ -

11
✓
38. C.
Note that the top half is kept.

Using the concept of equilibrium:

• Force: Since external load is upward, internal load is downward
• Moment: Since external load creates a CCW moment about “cut”, internal moment created is CW.

IC

39.

✓
𝑅𝐴𝑦

Agm EMa=o
𝑅𝐴𝑥

↳ 0-964=12/6104-1/2.411 KM > µMh☒

%↳
A, , cx
=
16kW 𝑅𝐶𝑥
16kW
EFx=0
0
Using the equilibrium of moments,
Aktlx =
∑𝑀 = 0 (𝐶𝑊 + 𝑣𝑒)
Gc
Ap -76kW 𝑅𝐴𝑥 (0.9) + 6(1.2) + 3(2.4) = 0
7.2 − 7.2
𝑅𝐴𝑥 = −
sFy=o 𝑅𝐴𝑥 = −16𝐾𝑁
0.9

G=o −𝑣𝑒 ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑗𝑢𝑠𝑡 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑑 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑤𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑 𝑏𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
6 -13 𝑁𝑜𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑅𝐶𝑦 = 0 𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑖𝑡 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑎 𝑡𝑤𝑜 − 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑠 ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙
Ay =

µ =9KN ∑𝐹𝑦 = 0 (𝑢𝑝𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑠 + 𝑣𝑒)

𝑅𝐴𝑦 − 6 − 3 = 0
JÉ= 18.4kW 𝑅𝐴𝑦 = 9𝐾𝑁
𝑅𝐴2 = 𝑅𝐴2𝑦 + 𝑅𝐴2𝑥

12
 𝑹𝑨 = √(𝑹𝟐𝑨𝒚 + 𝑹𝟐𝑨𝒙 ) = 𝟏𝟖. 𝟒𝑲𝑵

✓
40. 𝑂𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝑎𝑡 𝐶 ℎ𝑎𝑠 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠
𝑂𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝑎𝑡 𝐷 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦 ℎ𝑎𝑠 𝑦 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
∑𝑀𝐷 = 0 (𝐶𝑊 + 𝑣𝑒), 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑅𝐶𝑦 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑠
sMp=o −2𝑅𝐶𝑦 + 5(4) + 5(8) = 0
(411514-118×114-1214)=0 𝑅𝐶𝑦 =
20 + 40
2
(y=3okNI 𝑅𝐶 𝑦 = 30𝑘𝑁

EF ,c=o ∑𝐹𝑥 = 0 (𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑠 + 𝑣𝑒), 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑅𝐶𝑥 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑠

5 + 5 − 𝑅𝐶𝑥 = 0
Sts = Cx
𝑅𝐶𝑥 = 10𝑘𝑁
(y = to

𝑅𝐶 = √102 + 302
TÉ=3HkN 𝑹𝑪 = 𝟑𝟏. 𝟔𝒌𝑵

µ
1. 𝑅𝐷
C

70kW

𝑅𝐶𝑥

**j
𝑅𝐶𝑦

𝜋𝑑4
✓
41. 𝐼 𝑑
𝑆 = ,𝐼 = ,𝑐 =
𝑐 64 2
𝜋𝑑4 2 𝜋𝑑3
𝑆= × =
64 𝑑 32
𝑺 = 𝟗𝟖. 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟑 𝒎𝒎𝟑
s=É I=T¥= -114¥
=÷÷
✗ r =E

13
 -42.
𝐺=
𝐸
2(1 + 𝑣)
=> 𝐸 = 2𝐺(1 + 𝑣)
𝛿
𝜖=
𝐿
𝜎
𝐸 = => 𝜎 = 𝐸𝜖
𝜖
𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝐸 & 𝜖 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝜎,
𝛿
𝜎 = 2𝐺(1 + 𝑣) ( )
𝐿
𝟐𝜹𝑮(𝟏 + 𝒗)
𝝈=
E-
§ cn=I÷ ,
𝑳

E- =§ E- E- A
E-
E-
E- E- a. SEE
¥ a=y¥-,
=2s{1
⇐

⑦
43. ∑𝐹𝑦 = 0 (𝑢𝑝𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑠 + 𝑣𝑒), 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅𝐴𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅𝐶𝑦 𝑖𝑠 𝑢𝑝𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑠
𝑅𝐴𝑦 + 𝑅𝐶𝑦 = 228𝐾𝑁
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒, 𝑏𝑦 ∑𝑀 = 0 𝑎𝑡 𝐵 𝑜𝑟 𝐷,
Ay 1, EFy=o 228
𝑅𝐴𝑦 = 𝑅𝐶𝑦 = 2 = 114𝐾𝑁
""
N^↳
"

,
^L→g ,
RAytRg= 228kW ⑧
Ag= 222k£
Using the method of joints, FBD at point C,

EMp=o = 114kW

Any )l4)=HW
p&¥
Efg = -0
EMD __ °

RAy=Rcy Map
My -61g
,
-

2.5

/¥)
𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 = 32°
Aytly -228kW
.

Ay=Cy D= fond : 732° 4.0

𝐹𝑐 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 114𝑘𝑁
EFx=o 114𝑘𝑁
AY=" 𝐹𝑐 = = 215.1𝑘𝑁(𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛)

÷µ= #
a ,e=cx
=/ 14kW Ps ,nQ= 11410N
𝑠𝑖𝑛32
Since the Fc is acting towards point C, the member BC must be subjected to an OPPOSITE FORCE

¥¥! :¥*wn (compression). AB is symetrical to BC about BD, hence will be subjected to a similar force.
""
P
=

-1%1%1=215 .vn
-

+
∴ 𝑭𝑨𝑩 = 𝑭𝑪 = 𝟐𝟏𝟓. 𝟏𝑲𝑵 (𝑪𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏)
44. 𝐼 𝑏
𝑆 = 𝑐,𝑐 = 2
X ℎ𝑏 3
𝐼=

T.tt
-

s=± I=h¥ 12
ℎ𝑏 3
𝑆 = 12
𝑏

=÷÷
2
𝒉𝒃𝟐
- 𝑺=
𝟔

=h¥
14
r
45. 𝜋 4 𝜋 4
𝐽= 𝑐 = 𝑅
2 2
𝑇𝐿
𝜙=
𝐺𝐽
𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝐽 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝜙,
¢=¥ J=
𝜙=
𝑇𝐿
𝜋𝐺𝑅 4
2
=

:÷ 𝟐𝑻𝑳

i
𝝓=
𝝅𝑹𝟒 𝑮

46. Failure due to shear stress that is oriented at 45° to the member(longitudinal) axis

_* ← ☒ -

I = E

Diagram lifted from Chapter 3 Lecture notes page 25

r
47. 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑤𝑛 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑣𝑖𝑒𝑤
𝑃 pin
𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠, 𝜎𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 = T
𝐴𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑
t T
𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐, 𝑃 = 𝑇

+ FEED 𝑃𝑅𝑂𝐽𝐸𝐶𝑇𝐸𝐷 𝐴𝑅𝐸𝐴 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑖𝑛, 𝐴𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 = 𝑑 × 𝑡

𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑑 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑖𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒
𝑻 d

÷
∴ 𝝈𝑩𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈 =
I
=¥=
+
𝒅𝒕 • =

¥
=

r -
g.

15
/
48. A.
Following the right hand grip rule, with the thumb pointing in the direction of the double arrow, curling the other
four fingers reveal the direction of torsion.

*:

✗
An element at the top surface would be as shown. Since the x-direction is horizontal, A would be the correct
answer.

49. 𝐸
I

÷¥
𝐺=
2(1 + 𝜈)
𝐸

¥"
𝜈= − 1, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐸 = 2.5𝐺
" 2𝐺
2.5𝐺
𝜈= −1
, 2𝐺
𝝂 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓

¥-1
-
-
=v

✓= 0-251
,

16
50. 1 1
(1)𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑖𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒: (𝑋, 𝑌) = ( 𝑥, 𝑦)
2 2

i ;÷÷¥¥
1 1
(2)𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑖𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒: (𝑋, 𝑌) = ( 𝑥, 𝑦)
:* 3 3
𝐹𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒 (0,0)𝑡𝑜 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑛𝑒𝑟
∑𝐴𝑖 𝑦𝑖 𝐴1 𝑦1 + 𝐴2 𝑦2
𝑦̅ = =
∑𝐴𝑖 𝐴1+2
F- 789cm .

1 5
(5 × 20)(2.5) + (2 × 5 × 20)(3 + 5)
𝑦̅ =
1
(5 × 20) + ( × 5 × 20)

:I¥¥÷÷→¥**
2
𝑦̅ = 3.89 𝑐𝑚
.
∑𝐴𝑖 𝑥𝑖 𝐴1 𝑥1 + 𝐴2 𝑥2
𝑥̅ = =
∑𝐴𝑖 𝐴1+2
1 20
(5 × 20)(10) + (2 × 5 × 20)( 3 )
𝑥̅ =
1
(5 × 20) + (2 × 5 × 20)
𝑥̅ = 8.89 𝑐𝑚
∴𝒙 ̅ = 𝟖. 𝟖𝟗 𝒄𝒎, 𝒚
̅ = 𝟑. 𝟖𝟗𝒄𝒎

51. 𝑃 𝑃
𝑃 = 𝑇𝜔 = 2𝜋𝑓𝑇 => 𝑇 = =
𝜔 2𝜋𝑓
-
𝑑 P=Tw=2xfT
¥
-

𝑇𝑐𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑇(2 ) 𝑇𝑑
e- 𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = =

y T=¥f
𝐽 𝐽 2𝐽

p=Tw=Z = 7- Hmm
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐽 =
𝜋𝑑4
32

b¥µf=T
𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝐽 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑇 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥

=Tf=L¥
55 ∗ 103

Y=É¥ 𝑃
𝜔 1500 ∗ 60
2𝜋 Eman
𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 = =

r.IE#..p--.snslbiH-..!IS=---I=b,Y-
𝜋𝑑3 𝜋 ∗ 0.0383
16 16
𝝉𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟑𝟐. 𝟓𝑴𝑷𝒂
52. 𝑏 = 240𝑚𝑚, ℎ = 400𝑚𝑚
𝐼
𝑆=

F.fm
𝑐
𝑏ℎ3
. 𝐼=
12
- ℎ

=t¥a=*Y
𝑐=
2
𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝐼 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑆,
𝑏ℎ2
𝑆=
6
= b- Yxlubmn ? I
1.9811109µm ? 240 × 4002
𝑆=
6
𝑺 = 𝟔. 𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝒎𝒎𝟑

17
¥ .fi?fF/:Y-y---#--an-o=i.o4om
53. 1 1
(1)(2)𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑖𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒: (𝑋, 𝑌) = ( 𝑥, 𝑦)
.

2 2
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 (1) 𝑏𝑒 2 × 5 𝑐𝑚, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 (2) 𝑏𝑒 4 × 1 𝑐𝑚
𝐹𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒 (0,0)𝑡𝑜 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑛𝑒𝑟
∑𝐴𝑖 𝑦𝑖 𝐴1 𝑦1 + 𝐴2 𝑦2
"
𝑦̅ = =
"'
∑𝐴𝑖 𝐴1+2
5 1
(5 × 2)(1 + ) + (4 × 1)( )
2 2

f¥¥/¥T⇐÷=H•m
𝑦̅ =
•
(5 × 2) + (4 × 1)
"
𝑦̅ = 2.64 𝑐𝑚
I

∑𝐴𝑖 𝑥𝑖 𝐴1 𝑥1 + 𝐴2 𝑥2
If
𝑥̅ = =
14 ∑𝐴𝑖 𝐴1+2
2 •
2 4
0
(5 × 2)( ) + (4 × 1)( )
𝑥̅ = 2 2
(5 × 2) + (4 × 1)
, 𝑥̅ = 1.29 𝑐𝑚
∴𝒙 ̅ = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟗 𝒄𝒎, 𝒚
̅ = 𝟐. 𝟔𝟒𝒄𝒎

54. 𝛿
𝜖=
N/m2
-
𝐿
← 𝜎 1Pa -
.

𝐸=

÷
𝜖
6 = Eg
𝜎 = 𝐸𝜖 Mpu = N/mm2
𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝜖 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝜎,
¥ 𝜎=𝐸 ( )
𝛿
𝐿 zu .
=

@0×¥¥# 9
𝜎 = 200 × 10 × (
1.2 × 10−3
2.2
)

= 109.1 Mpa 𝝈 = 𝟏𝟎𝟗. 𝟏 𝑴𝑷𝒂

55. 24
𝑀 = 𝐹𝑑 = 8 × 103 × (45 − ) × 10−3 = 264 𝑁𝑚
2
𝑏ℎ3 30(24)3
𝐼= = = 34560𝑚𝑚4
12 12
𝜎𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝜎𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑎𝑙 + 𝜎𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔
6= •
concentric + •
bending 𝑃 𝑀𝑦
𝜎𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = +
.. 𝐴 𝐼

µ :* :* 24
:* :* 8 × 103 264 × 2 × 10−3
𝜎𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = − + (− )
(24 × 30) × 10−6 34560 × 10−12 B
𝝈𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 = −𝟏𝟎𝟐. 𝟖 𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝑃

ending F-
↳ __
M=Fd 𝑀

(8×103)×(45-4)
→☒ÑF=*FaBE
=

A
=
264mm
f. faction

6=-11.11×106 -
I=b¥=3o¥É
assailant 18
056.

0=1-+7-1
𝜎𝑎𝑙𝑙 =

𝐼=
𝑃
𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑡
30(20)3
+
𝑀𝑦
𝐼
= 20000𝑚𝑚4

¥☒É#
12
𝑁𝑜𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑃 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑎𝑡 𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑑𝑙𝑒 𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑

*
I=b¥=7Y¥ 𝑇𝑜𝑝 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚 𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔,
𝑁𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑡𝑜𝑝 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒:
𝑃 𝑃 𝑃
¥¥w = =

←G•←
.
𝐴 30 × 20 × 10 −6 600 × 10−6
𝑀𝑦 𝑃(5)(10) × 10−6
-

𝑃
= =

.MN#.!;i.?D--l44oo--l4.4KNr.---s--T--
𝐼 20000 × 10−12 400 × 10−6

¥=•d÷
𝑃 𝑃
𝜎𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = ( + ) × 106
600 400
𝑃
60 × 106 = × 106
240
𝑷 = 𝟏𝟒𝟒𝟎𝟎𝑵 = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟒𝑲𝑵 (𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒍𝒆)
57. 𝜋 𝜋 4
𝐼 = (𝑟𝑜4 − 𝑟𝑖4 ) = (𝑑 − 𝑑𝑖4 )
4 64 𝑜
𝐼 𝐼 2𝐼 𝜋(𝑑𝑜4 − 𝑑𝑖4 )
𝑆= = = =
at)
𝑐 𝑟𝑜 𝑑𝑜 32𝑑0
I -_

¥604 -

𝑆=
𝜋(604 − (60 − 2 × 10)4 )

= -11-1304-20--1 32(60)
𝑺 = 𝟏𝟕. 𝟎𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟑 𝒎𝒎𝟑
4137
= 17-02×19 mm ?

58. When a shaft is subjected to pure torsion, the maximum shear stress will occur at the maximum radius.

☒k 𝜏=
𝑇𝑐
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑐 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠, 𝑎𝑠 𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟.

I
𝐽
← Note that option C is very compelling. However, the shape of the shaft is not defined. If it were a circular shaft,
it is also correct if the element is on the side of the shaft. If it was a non-circular shaft, the maxiumum shear
✗ stress can be at either a transition point or neutral axis. (Chapter 6)
a
↳
o=M c→ ??? the
part
isthenihearshcesat ,NA
9m¥ _¥* ↳
s=¥
T=÷f §
E- 9- E- E- E-
r=¥ h=*÷, 19
59. Compression.
This question was taken from tutorial 1.
At BC, the net force is:
B
C 160 − 2(120) = −80 𝐾𝑁 (𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛)
A

••/

60. Neutral Axis.

r The neutral axis is the point where the material appears to neither stretch nor shrink.
𝜎𝐵 =
𝑀𝑦
𝐼
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑦 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑁𝐴 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑦𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡.
𝐼𝑓 𝑦 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑁𝐴, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑦 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜎𝐵 = 0
-

61. - ∑𝑀𝐷 = 0 (𝐶𝑊 + 𝑣𝑒), 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅𝐴 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑢𝑝𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑠

𝑅𝐴 (𝐴𝐷) − 𝑃(𝐵𝐷) − 𝑄(𝐶𝐷) = 0
p
b Emp = 0

𝑷(𝑩𝑫) + 𝑸(𝑪𝑫)
𝑹𝑨 =
𝑨𝑫
• (Q) -1 BD /P) + / a)
DA f- = o

.ci#-BPl-.Fa
A
-

20
62. 𝐴𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐴𝐵𝑥 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝐵
∑𝑀𝐶 = 0 (𝐶𝑊 + 𝑣𝑒)
if EMc=0
240(0.4) + 240(0.8) − 𝐴𝐵𝑥 (0.18) = 0
𝐴𝐵𝑥 = 1600𝑁
""
𝑙𝑒𝑡 ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶 𝑏𝑒 𝜃,
4-4112401+(244/0.8) Bolo .io)
←fBy =

𝜃 = tan (
0.18
)
𝐴𝐵𝑥
0.24
↳
they Bx= 1600N 𝐴𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 1600

yy
, 1600
𝐴𝐵 =
0.18
cos (𝑡𝑎𝑛 (0.24))

* =tm(¥¥ 𝐴𝐵 = 1600 𝑁
𝑨𝑩 = -𝟏. 𝟔𝑲𝑵 𝐴𝐵
•
¥10.181200
0.18
𝜃
cosh ? 𝐴𝐵𝑥
014

=aÉ¥¥)=
0.24
lbw

off
63. 𝐼𝑁𝐶𝑂𝑀𝑃𝐿𝐸𝑇𝐸 𝑄𝑈𝐸𝑆𝑇𝐼𝑂𝑁

-1b¥-11dB -1b¥ ADD

𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝐼 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑖𝑠 10𝑚𝑚
I -
𝑦̅ =
∑𝐴𝑖 𝑦𝑖 (60 × 50)(30) + (50 × 30)(25)
= = 28.33𝑚𝑚 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑝 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒
∑𝐴𝑖 (60 × 50) + (50 × 30)
50(60)3 (30(50)3
𝐼𝑥𝑥 = ∑(𝐼𝑖 + 𝐴𝑖 𝐷𝑖2 ) = [ + (60 × 50)(30 − 28.33)2 ] − [ + (50 × 30)(28.33 − 25)2 ]
12 12
𝐼𝑥𝑥 = 579.23 × 10−9 𝑚4
𝑏ℎ3 𝑏ℎ3 60(50)3 50(30)3

:|:¥¥÷÷
𝐼𝑦𝑦 = − = −
12 𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑟 12 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑟 12 12
𝑰𝒚𝒚 = 𝟓𝟏𝟐. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟗 𝒎𝟒

64. 𝜎
✓ 𝐸=
𝜖

.÷÷
-
- -

𝑃
(𝐴) 𝑃𝐿 𝑃𝐿 4𝑃𝐿
𝐸= = = 2 =
𝛿 𝐴𝛿 𝜋𝑑 𝜋𝛿𝑑2
✗
.

§ (𝐿 ) ( 4 )𝛿
=
Eye =

FL AES 4𝑃𝐿
=
𝑑2 =
𝜋𝛿𝐸
¥s-=xa÷
=D
21
 a.
¥ a=¥µ, e- ¥
5--4

𝟒𝑷𝑳 𝟎.𝟓
𝒅=( )
𝝅𝜹𝑬

%
65. 𝑇𝑐
𝜏=
𝐽
𝜋𝑑4
𝜏 ( 32 ) 𝜋𝜏𝑑3 𝜋(62.5 × 106 )(50 × 10−3 )3
9-
¥ -11¥
𝜏𝐽

T1¥¥=Tidz
J= 𝑇= = = =
𝑐 𝑑 16 16
2
J¥=T 𝑻 = 𝟏𝟓𝟑𝟒𝑵𝒎

=HK2s[
1534AM
=
, = Ams N.mn
, ,,,,µm
66.
,
,y÷µ ,

𝜎𝐵𝐶 =
𝑃
= 2
4𝑃
-
𝜋𝑑 2 𝜋𝑑
g,=¥ Till
4
3𝑃 3𝑃
= ¥6T 1T¥ 𝜎𝐴𝐵 =
𝜋(2𝑑) 2 = 2
𝜋𝑑

✓
4
F- ¥ A=T1-Ñ 𝝈𝑨𝑩 < 𝝈𝑩𝑪
cope
qpc
=¥¥i :*
:#
67. =
:÷ .
∑𝑀𝐶 = 0 (𝐶𝑊 + 𝑣𝑒) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒(𝐴𝐵)𝑎𝑡 𝐵 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑠
𝑃𝑌 − (𝐴𝐵)𝑋 = 0
𝑷𝒀
EMc=o 𝑨𝑩 =
𝑿

Pg=Fm
"

fall __ EA
↳ P¥=FBD

"

"
RA
Py
/
% .

22