University of Cebu Banilad Campus

College of Business and Accountancy

Math 100 - 67670

College Mathematics
Schedule (8:30-9:30, MWF)

Midterm Project
Documentation of Midterm Project
Pictograph

Sencio, Justine Kimberly S.

Student

Engr. Nicholas C. Banal

Instructor
 Table of Contents
Group Information.........................................................................1
Introduction...................................................................................2
History............................................................................................2
Description.....................................................................................2
Definition of terms.........................................................................3
Steps/Procedures...........................................................................4
Sample Problems...........................................................................5
Solutions........................................................................................6
Interpretations...............................................................................8
Conclusion..................................................................................... 9
Questionnaires.............................................................................10
Summary of Scores......................................................................11
References...................................................................................12
Group Information

Group 1
Topic: PICTOGRAPH
Leader:
Hazel Nicole Bacud
Members:
Justine Kimberly S. Sencio
Mary Grace Degamo
Vincent Louise Calago
Catherine B. Lopez
Jashiel Love Villarino
Jhaven Mae G. Muldez
Karylle Mae Adolfo
Assigned Topics:

 History- Sencio
 Description- Degamo
 Definition of Terms- Bacud
 Steps/Procedures- Adolfo
 Sample Problems- Calago
 Solutions- Lopez
 Interpretation- Villarino
 Conclusion- Muldez
 References- Bacud

Introduction
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Pictograph
A pictograph is a way to represent data using images. Each image in the pictograph
represents a certain number of things. In other words, a pictograph uses pictures and
symbols to convey information about the provided data.

History
Pictographs are ancient images found on walls, rock and in caves. Prehistoric cave
paintings are an example, but these paintings don't have a way to decipher because
they lack a key, so the meanings are only a person's interpretations. The first
pictographs found date back to the Stone Age. A pictograph key describes what the
pictures represent.
The most common pictographs were found in the civilizations of Ancient Egypt and
Sumeria. But there is a difference between the pictographs of ancient Egypt and those
from the Stone Age. The Egyptians had a formal writing system that used pictures and
images as words and ideas. Egyptian temples and pyramids were filled with these
images. The word hieroglyph is often associated with ancient Egypt. A hieroglyph is a
picture that represents a sound, word or syllable. Hieroglyphs are a form of pictograph
that specifically represent words.

Description
Pictographs are types of charts and graphs that use icons and images to represent data.
It is known as “pictogram”. Pictographs use a series of repeated icons to visualize simple
data. The icons are arranged in a single line or a grid, with each icon representing a
certain number of units. Pictographs are frequently useful for visualizing data in
infographics, reports and presentations. They are a valuable tool whenever you wish to
enhance the visual appeal, memorability, or more engaging data.
When to use pictographs?
 Use a pictograph to show ratings or changes.
We know that pictographs are great for showing simple proportions or percentages.
Pretty much every site that allows customers to rate products or services (like Shopee
or Lazada) uses pictograms to show the results of their customer's satisfaction of their
item purchased.
 Indicate progress to a goal in a project status report.
Pictograms can also be used to indicate status or progress toward a goal. Documents
like project plans, product roadmaps, and project status reports can all benefit from a
visual indicator of progress in the form of a pictogram.

 Use pictographs as visual tallies to summarize survey results.

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Pictographs are perfect for summarizing and presenting survey results. They’re much
more interesting than numbers simply placed in tables and spreadsheets, and they can
help your readers grasp key survey insights.

A pictograph cannot be complete without the following elements.

(1) Title - The title of the graph is often displayed at the top. The title makes it obvious
what the graph is all about.
(2) Images or Symbols - The symbols are used to indicate a given amount of data.
(3) Classifications or Labels - The graph’s classifications specify the precise type of data
that is there.
(4) Key or Legend - A key indicates how much each image stands for.

Definition of terms
 Data - refers to factual information or the concepts represented visually through
symbols or icons.
 Images or Symbols - refer to graphical representations or icons used to convey
information, concepts, or objects.
 Classifications - refer to the process of categorizing or grouping objects, data, or
concepts based on shared characteristics or criteria.
 Legends - provides essential information about the symbols, colors, or labels
used in the visual representation

Steps/Procedures

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  Step 1: Collect the Data
The first step in making a pictograph is the collection of relevant information, which we
want to represent. Once the data is collected, make a table or a list of data.
 Step 2: Select the Symbol or Images
To represent the data, pick any images/pictures or symbols. For example, if the data
represents the rainfall for different cities, make use of cloud images or some other
images which are relevant to the data.
 Step 3: Assign a Key
While representing the data using images, use a key, which denotes the value of the
image. Because, if the frequency of the data is too high, then one image is not enough
to represent the data. Thus, the numerical value called "key" is used, which should be
written along with the pictograph.
 Step 4: Draw the Pictograph
While making a pictograph, use two columns that represent the category and data.
Finally, draw the pictograph using symbols/images, which represents the frequency. In
case, if the frequency is not a whole number, the symbols can be drawn as fractions.
 Step 5: Review the Data and Pictograph
Once the pictograph is drawn, make sure that the images exactly represent data as well
as the labelling of the pictograph.

Sample Problems

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 1. Answer the following question.
The pictograph showing the amount of products that are sold in a week.

Question 1. What are the amounts of products sold each day?

Question 2. What days of the week has the least and most products are sold?
Question 3. What days of the week has the same amount of products sold?
Question 4. What is the total amount of products sold in the whole week?

2. Make a pictograph out of the following.

A building in Mandaue City has five floors, and each of the floors has people
living inside of it, first floor has a population of 30 people, the second floor has 45
people, the third floor has 35 people, the fourth floor has 50 people, and the fifth floor
has 75 people.

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Solutions
Problem 1
For problem number 1, in calculating for the total number of products sold per day(with
the graph provided), all we need to is multiply the key and the number of symbols
assigned or plotted per classification.

So, that's going to be

Quantities of Products Sold on x = 1(y)

with x as the day and y as the number of symbols plotted.

Therefore, the answers are:

Monday = 4 items
Tuesday = 7
Wednesday = 2
Thursday = 8
Friday = 3
Saturday = 4
Sunday = 6

Now, since we already have the numerical data, let's answer the next question which is
how many products are sold within the week. What we need to do is basically add
everything or sum it up so that's gonna be
a = 4+7+2+8+3+4+6
a = 34

Therefore, in the entire week, there were 34 items sold.

The next question is identifying what days of the week has the same amount of
products sold. You can easily find the answer by looking at the graph and check if there
are classifications that has total number of symbols which align on the graph. You can
also take a look at the data that we have collected from the first question. With that
being said, the answer is Monday and Saturday.

Third question is identifying which days has the least and most quantities of products
sold. To answer this question, we can see that Wednesday has only two symbols plotted
on our of all classifications while Thursday has 8. Therefore these days has the least and
most quantities of products sold per day respectively.

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Problem 2
For problem number 2, suppose, we need to represent the population or how many
people are living in each floor in a building in Mandaue City via a pictograph. So let’s
begin step-by-step:
1. Gather Data
First step includes gathering the data of the category we seek to represent. We must
however gather our data using appropriate means.
2. Listing Out the Data
Next is to make a list, chart or table of the data. And one time carefully assess the data.
3. Pick Icon/Symbol
Choose an image or symbol that accurately represents your data. If you are constructing
a pictograph to illustrate a Population then a symbol of a plastic box or a floor tile would
be highly confusing! So pick your symbol accordingly and completely relatable to the
category.
4. Allot a Key
Occasionally, the frequency of the data is quite high. This makes it complicated and
practically impossible to represent one frequency. In such cases, we need to set a
numerical value that one symbol will denote. This numerical value should be expressed
along with the pictograph. For example: one symbol of an a group of people represents
10 people. Or, one symbol of pineapple represents 20kgs of pineapple. This is what we
call the key of the pictograph.
5. Construct a Pictograph:
Final step is constructing the pictograph. Make two columns that depict the data and
the category. Then create the actual icons that depict the frequencies. Note that the
icons can also be drawn as fractions (if the frequency is not a whole number).
6. Assess Your Data:
Finally, evaluate your pictograph and make sure it accurately displays the details that
you wanted to relay. Remember to check the labeling of your graph. Your pictograph
should finally look something similar to the following picture.

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Interpretations
In problem #1, the pictograph shows the amount of products sold in a week. The graph
has a title, “Amount of Products Sold” and labels, days in a week , Monday to Sunday.
Pictographs cannot be called pictograph if there’s no symbols, icons, or images. In this
problem, we uses the money bag icon/symbol to show the amount of products sold in a
certain day of the week. Each money bag is equivalent to 1 product sold. This is the key
of the problem. Supposed, questions were asked:

1. What are the amounts of products sold each day?

By counting symbols that are aligned with each days of the week and multiplying it with
the key, we can easily come up with the answers. Monday has 4, Tuesday has 7,
Wednesday has 2, Thursday has 8, Friday has 3, Saturday has also 4, and Sunday has 6
products sold.

2. What days of the week has the most and the least product sold?
Wednesday sold only 2 products and this day has the least amount of products sold
while Thursday has the most that sold 8 products.

3. What days of the week has the same amount of products sold?
Monday and Saturday sold 4 products. These are the days of the week that has the
same amount of products sold.

4. What is the total amount of products sold in the whole week?

To get the total, we need to add all the amount of products sold. Thus, the total amount
of products sold in the whole week is 34.

Consider another problem, problem #2, we were tasked to make a pictograph about
the number of people in each storey of the five-storey building in Mandaue City. Given
where the following:

First floor has population of 30 people,

Second floor has population of 45 people,
Third floor has population of 35 people,
Fourth floor has population of 50 people and.
Fifth floor has population of 75 people.

In making the graph, the first thing we do is to collect all the data. By doing so, we can
identify the title of our pictograph, where in this problem, we have the Population as
the title. This can be found at the top of the graph. Next is adding the labels, first,
second, third, fourth, and fifth floor. After adding some labels, we have selected an

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image to represent the population of each storey. And after selecting an image, we have
assigned a key, where in our example above, 1 image is equivalent to 10 people. As we
can see that the given data becomes more visually appealing and easy to interpret. By
multiplying the numbers of images that can be seen in a particular storey by the key, we
can get the total numbers of people per storey. In first floor, we can see three images,
multiply it with the key 10, we will have a total of 30 people. Repeat the step to get the
total of each floors. We can also interpret that 5th floor is the most populated floor in
the building that has 75 people and 1st floor is the least populated which has only 30
people. And to find the difference between the floor that has the most and least
population, we can simply subtract 75 by 30 to get the answer, 45. By adding all the
numbers of people each floor we can get the total number of people in the whole
building, and that is 235.

Conclusion
Pictographs also know as pictogram are types of charts/graphs that use icon and images
to represent data, which can be easier to understand than plain number or words.
When creating a pictograph it is important to choose appropriate images that
accurately convey the data being presented. The scale of the pictograph should also be
carefully chosen with consistent intervals between each image representing numerical
values. A legend is usually included to explain what each picture stands for. Pictographs
can help highlight trends and patterns in data making them useful for analysis purposes
as well as conveying information quickly and clearly. One benefit of using pictographs is
that they can make complex ideas more accessible and understandable to a wider
audience.

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Questionnaires

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Summary of scores

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References

https://venngage.com/blog/pictogram/#what

https://helpingwithmath.com/uncategorized/pictographs/#elements-of-pictographs

https://study.com/academy/lesson/pictograph-definition-examples-images.html#text-
Pictographs%20are%20pictures%20that%20represent,are%20also%20known%20as
%20hieroglyphs

https://www.vedantu.com/maths/pictograph-examples

https://byjus.com/maths/pictographexamples/#:~:text=A%20pictograph%20is%20a
%20way,information%20about%20the%20provided%20data

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