The variable valve timing mechanism f ~ ther

Rover K 16 engine
Part 2: application to the engine and tlre
performance obtained

P H Parker*
Rover G r o u p Limited. Warwick. U K

Abstract: Pnrt I o f this paper desi:ri!)ed the principles a n d basic design (,I' ( h e Rover variable valve
timing system ( V V C ) . This second p:.:~.: describes in detail the mechanical Jc!: gn which was developed
t o suit the particular requiren1enl.i . . I ' the planned 1.8 litre version o f iil~:Rover K 16 engine. T h e
testlng p r o g r a m m e undertaken tc: .::,~.~blishdurability a n d prove the 1:; o.iuct is covered a n d the
performance obtained from the VVL.' 1:ngine is c o m p a r e d with the c o r r e . ~ ~ . ; : ~ ~base
d i n gengine u h i c h
uses s t a n d a r d valve gear.
: .
Keywords: variable valve tirninp. \ : i f C

NOTATION led to a decision t o 'iltuate o n e double variable mc-

chanism o n each cr:d a!id use the exhaust canishaft a s .1
AFR air-fuel ratio layshaft t o t a k e thc t l ~ i v eto the rear mechanism. Evcn
ATDC after t o p d e a d centre ( d e g ) then the space avall,.lile is restricted both radially a n d
BDC b o t t o m d e a d centre axially. which mad..: ~I-it: design a n d d e ~ e l o p m e n to f ttic
b.nl.e.p. b r a k e m e a n efkctive pressure ( b a i l system w r y challer:gii~g.
E C I,: electronic control unit
I C'C inlet vaLve closing
I L'O inlet valve o p e n i n g
M'OT wide o p e n throttle

Figure I is a plan ilciv ol' the camshaft drive a n d tlit:

VVC arrangement 1 1 the engine. which shows h o w tl?c
mechanisms have 1:;.11 fitted into the space. Figure 7 11;
Part I o f this paper [ I ] described the prie~cii,.lesof the a n exploded ison1c.r; ;L view of the rear d o u b l e ect-entrlc
o p e r a t i o n a n d introduced the chosen arral,;r!.~i:ento f the unit a n d Fig. ? is 'I jll~otographof the engine cylind,.:~.
mechanisms for the variable vi~lvetiming s>\:.:in used o n head sectioned I'or i: . . . . bition. These three l i g ~ ~ r c:ln
e s I>c
the VVC version o f the Rover 1.8 litre K 1:) ~ . i g i ~ i e . studied in c o n j u n c ~ l \r it11 the following notes. xvhic:l~
.I;:

T h e particular inlet valve timine r e q u i i c l .it a given list the main mecl..!.t:i..~ldesign featul-es:
e n p n e condition is obtained b? v~rrying i l ! ~angular
velocity ratio o f the c a m s relative to the t n i i n e c r a n k - I . T h e d o u b l e c.L,c.:t:3~tricunits have been m a d e ;IS
shaft a s they rotate. T h e amplitude a n d pl1;ise of this compact a s i:,.- lble in the axial direction hy
cyclic variation is adjusted to change the , r: ing. Each arranging for +:ci:iiponents to overlap each othc:r
cylinder requires a n individual mechanisnl 1:) synchro- where possibl'. I'his c a n be seen in Fig. 2 . TI!:.
nize with the engine firing order a n d a:; c.t,llained in various cut-ou:?; I I I the components. which allow l o r
r e k r e n c e [I] the c o m p a c t desien of the V. ,:;..lies engine the relative P I I > I ; . . ~ I Ihave
. been desiened t o c l c ; ~ r
within the clic,j::!~ range of valve p e r ~ o datljustme:)t.
7. T h e front a n d [c::r ;~ssembliesa r e similar but n;lt
identical. T h e I :!(:t that the two ussemhlles ;irt.
opposite-hand < u ~ : p l e dwith the four-cylinder engirrt.
tiring order. ~ ~ , t i . i ~ c1l-y3 - 4 2 . results in diffterent L!,,
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12.5 1
- - - K 1880 BASE
7 - !
0 2000 4000 6000 8000
Engine Speed (rpm)
Fig. 7 V o l u r n c l ~cfliciency
~~ 2nd air consunlptian an~ilysis
inlet cupeciitcs cylinder sc:ttenging and. on tlic o l l ~ c rthe , is the result of better combustion. This in turn allows the
J,ite closing 01' the inlet talve makes 1'1111 u\c t , f the VVC engine to run at an A F R between 0.5 and 1.0
nlan~foldrat~iniinpcapability. Ho\vetter. lowcl. 5pccds. leaner at WOT than the base engine without exceeding
e . ? . 25110 r win. the volii~iietricof the VVC C I ~ ~ I I is I C1 the exhaust temperature limit for the catalyst at high
per ccnt Ic>\ thiin th:~t of rhc base engine. tierc bllort speed or premature knock at low speed. Figure 8 shows
pcriod .;ctting ol' the VVC 1s 11sed to reciiicc I > ; I C L ( ~ ~ W that the WOT fuel consumption o f the VVC engine
from 111~.c.>lindcr after RCIC'. but this does 1101 fully benefits from both the improved i.s.:~.c.and the leaner
compens;~te I'or the reduced ramming velocily 111 the AFK and is lower at all speeds compared with the base
incre:isc.d area inlet tracts. engine.
The i.5.a.c. curves In Fig. 7 show that the VVC' c~lgine
makes better use 01'the air induced :tt both high a ~ ~low (l
,peed.;. At high bpceds this supplements the I I I ~c;l.;t.d ~
~ ~ u l u m r t r icrtticicncy
c which increases b.111.e.p. Ii~rther CONCLUSlONS
and at ION spec~lscompensates For the reducctl bolu-
metric etliciency so that the b.m.e.p. o f both ~ I I ~ I I is I C ~ -This paper has tirstly presented the practical mechanical
~ t l ~ i i o sidcntic;~l.
t The reduced i.s.;t.c. ot the VVC' engine design that was evolved to adapt the chosen system to
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