NATIONAL CERTIFICATE

ENGINEERING SCIENCE N4
(15070434)

30 July 2021 (X-paper)

09:00–12:00
Drawing instruments and nonprogrammable calculators may be used.

This question paper consists of 6 pages, 1 formula sheet and 1 information sheet.

106Q1G2130

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(15070434) -2-

DEPARTMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION AND TRAINING

REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA
NATIONAL CERTIFICATE
ENGINEERING SCIENCE N4
TIME: 3 HOURS
MARKS: 100

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

1. Answer all the questions.

2. Read all the questions carefully.

3. Number the answers according to the numbering system used in this

question paper.

4. Subsections of questions must be kept together.

5. Rule off across the page on completion of each section.

6. All formulae should be shown in the answers.

7. Show all the calculations.

8. Only use a black or blue pen.

9. All diagrams should be drawn in pencil.

10. All the answers must be rounded off to THREE decimal places.

11. Take g = 9,8 m/s2

12. Write neatly and legibly.

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QUESTION 1

1.1 An express train travels from north to south at 130 km/h. A helicopter flies over
the train at 178 km/h from the front.
◙
Calculate the velocity of the helicopter relative to the velocity of the train in
magnitude and direction. (3)

1.2 A stone is thrown at a velocity of 39 m/s at an angle of 35° to the horizontal.

Calculate the following:

1.2.1 The maximum height reached by the stone (3)

1.2.2 The horizontal displacement or range (3)

1.3 A boy throws a cricket ball at an angle of 15° to the horizontal with an initial
velocity of 50 m/s. The path of the ball is that of a projectile.

Calculate the following: ◙

1.3.1 The time to reach maximum height

1.3.2 The maximum height reached by the ball

1.3.3 The horizontal displacement of the ball

(3 × 2) (6)
[15]

QUESTION 2

2.1 Define the term angular displacement. (2)

2.2 The torque on a gear driven directly by a machine is 120 Nꞏm. The power
transmitted by the gear is 4,5 kW.
◙
Calculate the rotational frequency of the machine in r/s. (3)

2.3 A force of 500 N is applied to the end of a spanner. The perpendicular distance
between the nut and the working line of the force is 200 cm.

Calculate the following: ◙

2.3.1 The torque on the spanner (2)

2.3.2 The work done when the nut is turned through an angle of 60° (2)
[9]

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QUESTION 3

3.1. What is the conservation of energy? (2)

3.2 A ball with a mass of 10 kg rolls from rest down a frictionless incline of
1:30 over a distance of 30 m.

Calculate the following:

◙
3.2.1 The loss in potential energy (4)

3.2.2 The velocity of the ball after 30 m by making use of the law of the
conservation of energy (4)

3.2 A motorcar is travelling on a horizontal road at a velocity of 54 km/h. The mass

of the motorcar is 750 kg and the resistance to motion is 300 N. The motorcar
stops over a distance of 35 m when the brakes are applied.

Calculate the deceleration. ◙ (2)

[12]

QUESTION 4

4.1 Define the following terms:

4.1.1 Cantilever
◙
4.1.2 Bending moment
(2 × 2) (4)

4.2 A beam, ABCDE, with A on the left-hand side, is 10 m long and simply
supported at A and D. At B, 2 m from A, is a point load of 20 kN. At C, 3 m from
B, is a point load of 14 kN. At the right end, E, is a point load of 30 kN.
D is 2 m from E. The beam has a mass of 1 000 kg.
◙
Study the image below and calculate the reactions at the supports A and D.

(9)
[13]

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QUESTION 5

5.1 Define the following terms:

5.1.1 Density

5.1.2 Pressure

5.2
◙
Full explain Pascal's principle.
(2 × 2) (4)

(2)

5.3 The diameter of the ram cylinder of a hydraulic press is 100 mm and the stroke
length of the plunger is 40 mm. The mechanical advantage is 30 on the plunger.

Calculate the following:

5.3.1 The volume of liquid needed per stroke if the load has to be lifted
80 mm is 50 strokes. There is a slip of 5%. (4)

5.3.2

5.3.3
The diameter of the plunger.
◙
The effort required on the bundle to lift a load with a mass
(3)

of 1,2 Mg. (6)

5.4 The plunger of a three-cylinder pump has a diameter of 90 mm and a stroke

length of 590 mm. The crankshaft speed is 240 r/min.

Calculate the quantity of water delivered in litre per second if the slip is 1,8%. (3)
[22]

QUESTION 6

6.1 Name THREE types of stress found in materials. (3)

6.2

6.3
Define Hooke's Law.
◙
A tensile force of 27 kN is applied to a steel bar with a rectangular
(3)

cross-sectional area of 29 mm wide and 15 mm thick. The length of the bar

is 2,8 m.

Young's modulus of elasticity for a steel bar is 208 GPa.

Calculate the following:

6.3.1 The stress in the steel bar (3)

6.3.2

6.3.3
The strain in the steel bar
◙
The change in length of the steel bar
(2)

(3)
[14]

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QUESTION 7

7.1

7.2
Define coefficient of linear expansion of a substance.
◙
A square metal plate of 37 cm × 37 cm is at a temperature of 31 °C.
(2)

The coefficient of linear expansion of the metal is 17 × 10 -6/°C.

Calculate the increase in area of the metal plate in cm 2 if its temperature rises

7.3
to 98 °C.
◙
The density of 1 m3 mercury at 0 °C is 1,07 × 104 kg/m3 and the volumetric
(2)

coefficient of expansion is 200 × 10 -6/°C.

Calculate the density of mercury at 70 °C. (5)

7.4 A container has a capacity of 0,184 m3 and is filled with nitrogen gas at a
pressure of 410 kPa and a temperature of 61 °C. Later it is found that the
pressure has dropped to 300 kPa and the temperature has decreased
to 32 °C resulting from a leak.

Calculate the following:

7.4.1 The mass of nitrogen gas that was initially in the container if the gas

7.4.2
constant is 273 J/kg K
◙
The mass of nitrogen gas that leaked out
(3 × 2) (6)
[15]

TOTAL: 100

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(15070434)

ENGINEERING SCIENCE N4

FORMULA SHEET

Any applicable formula may also be used.

S=u+v xt a = αR H.V = Fp = M.A

2 Fh

V=s v = ΠDN AV = mgh = WD

t

v = u + at T = FR Q = mc∆t

s = ut + 1 at2 AV = TӨ = WD ∆l = loα∆t
2

v2 = u2 + 2as P = 2ΠNT β = 2α

vg = u + v P = Tω γ = 3α
2

ω = 2ΠN P = Fv P1 V1 = P2 V2
T1 T2

ω=Ө Fa = ma PV = mRT
t

Ө = ω2 + ω1 x t Ep = mgh Є=x
2 l

ω2 = ω1 + 1 αt Ek = 1 mv2 E=σ
2 2 ε

v = ωR P=F σ=F
A A

Ө = 2Πn m = p x vol E=Fl

Ax
S = RӨ P = pgh y =A1 y1 -+ A2 y2-+……
AT
α = (ω2)2 – (ω1)2 Wr = D2 y = V1 y1 -+ V2 y2 -+ …….
2Ө F p d2 VT

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(15070434)

INFORMATION SHEET

PHYSICAL CONSTANTS

CONSTANTS
QUANTITY HOEVEELHEID
KONSTANTE
Atmospheric pressure 101,3 kPa Atmosferiese druk
Density of copper 8 900 kg/m3 Digtheid van koper

Density of aluminium 2 770 kg/m3 Digtheid van aluminium

Density of gold 19 000 kg/m3 Digtheid van goud

Density of alcohol (ethyl) 790 kg/m3 Digtheid van alkohol (etiel)

Density of mercury 13 600 kg/m3 Digtheid van kwik

Density of platinum 21 500 kg/m3 Digtheid van platina

Density of water 1 000 kg/m3 Digtheid van water

Density of mineral oil 920 kg/m3 Digtheid van minerale olie

Density of air 1,05 kg/m3 Digtheid van lug

Electrochemical equivalent of silver 1,118 mg/C Elektrochemiese ekwivalent van silwer

Electrochemical equivalent of copper 0,329 mg/C Elektrochemiese ekwivalent van koper
Gravitational acceleration 2 Swaartekragversnelling
9,8 m/s
Heat value of coal 30 MJ/kg Warmtewaarde van steenkool
Heat value of anthracite 35 MJ/kg Warmtewaarde van antrasiet
Heat value of petrol 45 MJ/kg Warmtewaarde van petrol
Heat value of hydrogen 140 MJ/kg Warmtewaarde van waterstof
Linear coefficient of expansion of copper -6 Lineêre uitsettingskoëffisiënt van koper
17 × 10 /°C
Linear coefficient of expansion of aluminium 23 × 10-6/°C Lineêre uitsettingskoëffisiënt van aluminium

Linear coefficient of expansion of steel 12 × 10-6/°C Lineêre uitsettingskoëffisiënt van staal

Linear coefficient of expansion of lead 54 × 10-6/°C Lineêre uitsettingskoëffisiënt van lood

Specific heat capacity of steam 2 100 J/kg.°C Spesifieke warmtekapasiteit van stoom
Specific heat capacity of water 4 187 J/kg.°C Spesifieke warmtekapasiteit van water
Specific heat capacity of aluminium 900 J/kg.°C Spesifieke warmtekapasiteit van aluminium
Specific heat capacity of oil 2 000 J/kg.°C Spesifieke warmtekapasiteit van olie
Specific heat capacity of steel 500 J/kg.°C Spesifieke warmtekapasiteit van staal
Specific heat capacity of copper 390 J/kg.°C Spesifieke warmtekapasiteit van koper

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