AMBO UNIVERSITY WOLISO CAMPUS

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS

DEPARTMENT: - MANAGEMENT

PROGRAM: MBA IN MANAGEMENT

COURSE TITLE: Statistical Decision Theory and Analysis

COURSE CODE:- MGMT 6060

PROGRAM:WEEKEND

YEAR: I SEMISTER: I

ASSIGNMENT TYPE: GrROUP STUDENTS

Group assignment on analysis of youth employment

Name Id No

1. Mahmud Zeyne MGMT-PGW/013/14

2. Mengistu Bedada MGMT-PGW/014/14
3. Zebiba Mahemud MGMT-PGW/026/14
Instructor’s name Tesfaye Eba (PhD)
Woliso ,Ethiopia
February,2022

1
Contents
1. Data analysis................................................................................................................................2
1.1..............................................................................................................Qualitative data analysis
2
1.2..............................................................................................................Qualitative data analysis
6
1.3........................................................................................................Previous related researches
7
1.4..............................................................................................................Findings of the research
7
2. References................................................................................................................................8
Annex-1...........................................................................................................................................9

2
 1. Data analysis
The data that gathered from 50 employed and 50 unemployed was analysed qualitatively and
quantitatively. The respondents of the data were 35 females and 65 males. Quantitative data was
analysed in the form of frequency and percent using SPSS (statistical package for social science)
version21. The cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the data was 0.844.

Qualitative data analysis

Table 1: Personal information

No Frequency Percent
1 Age below 18 0 0
18-35 100 100
Above 35 0 0
Total 100 100.0
2 Gender Female 35 35
Male 65 65
Total 100 100.0
3 Marital never married 62 62.0
status Married 38 38.0
Total 100 100.0
4 Education Diploma/TVET 31 31.0
level Degree 69 69.0
Total 100 100.0
As shown on the above table 1; all of the respondents’ age was between “18-35”. This age is the
most important and productive age and the respondents are young. Youth unemployment can
impose large economic costs on society. The necessity to address the needs of long term
unemployed youth become a significant burden on public budget. Related to this Petersen &
Moretimer (1994) said, normal consequences of youth unemployment are socially describing
outcomes such as drug and alcohol abuse and premature pregnancies in young girls so on.
Furthermore, the affect is dominant amongst the most endangered section of society. The
researchers took data from 35 females and 65 males; all of them filled the questions and retuned
back the questions to the researchers. Shows that women have a relative risk of being inactive or

3
 employed rather than unemployed lower than men in both. Among the researchers samples
majority of the respondents or 62 (62%) were unmarried and 38 (38%) of the respondents were
married. Moreover, majority of the respondents 69 (69%) were degree holder and the rest 31
(31%) were diploma/TVET. To get good job, education level is very important. Related to this
an efficient education system reduces also the share of young adults flowing into the unofficial
economy and / or into social exclusion or marginalisation (Hammer and Julkunen, 2002).

But in many parts of our country, many sectors prefer it would be better to hire two people with
Diploma than a Bachelor’s degree or masters, because they feel that hiring more people with less
money is important than hiring less people with high money and quality.

Table 2:

Items Scale Frequency Percent

Are there unemployed youth in your community? Yes 77 77.0
No 23 23.0
Total 100 100.0
what is your employment status Employed 50 50.0
not yet
50 50.0
employed
Total 100 100.0
If the answer to question number 11 above is 1, what is the type Permanent 40 40.0
of employment contract you have? Temporary 10 10.0
Total 50 50
As shown on the above table 2: majority of the respondents77 (77%) replied “yes” that means
there are unemployed youths on their community. However, the rest 23 (23%) of the respondents
replied “no” that mean there are no youths unemployed on their community. This indicates that
on the majority of the communities, there are unemployed youths. This has a great negative
effect on the youth’s life as well as on the country’s economy. Youth employment benefits
economic development by facilitating the entry of young people in to the private or government
sectors and enabling the economy to increase its productivity. (Kinga, 2005) the major factor is
that the young jobseekers in the country do not want to take up manual jobs because of their
attitude towards “blue collar jobs” and their expectation of being employed for white collar jobs

4
 in the private or public sector. The idea of “blue collar jobs” as jobs of illiterate farmers also
seems “to reflect certain hierarchical perception”. The second statements shows that 50 (50%) of
the respondents were employed and the rest 50 (50%) of the respondents were not yet employed.
The data shows that the number of employed and unemployed youths is equal. In this case, there
is high dependency rate. Among 50 employed youths 40 (40%) percent of them have got
permanent job. However, the rest 10 (10 percent) of the respondents have temporary work.

Table 3;

If the answer to question number 11 above is 1, have you get Yes 17 17

5 employed with your field of study? No 33 33
Total 100 100
6 If the answer to question number 10 above is 1, how you get Vacancy is posted openly for
employment? all and I passed through all 33 33
recruitment process
Through recommendation 17 17
Total 50 50
On the above number 5 indicated that the majority of the respondents 33 (33%) replied that they
were not hired on their field of study. The rest 17 (17%) of the respondents were hired on their
field of study. From this, there are many disadvantages to not working on the field of study.
First, a lot of time, energy, and money is spent to train the employee. Second, the employee is
unfit for the job and offends the job. Third, the employee him/herself is not satisfied with the job.
According to (Kinga, 2005), Employers normally do not want employees who are fresh out of
school without prior skills and experience. Therefore it is obvious that mismatch of demand and
supply is significant matter of concern in this context. The sixth statement shows that majority of
the respondent were hired with the vacancy that is posted openly for all and they passed through
all recruitment process. Nevertheless, the rest 17 (17%) of the respondents have got through
recommendation. As we can see from this, many organizations are issuing vacancy
advertisements that invite all fields. This does not make effective or profitable.

Table 4;

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7 If the answer to question number 11 above is 2, what do you No vacancies with my field
10 10
think is the basic reason for your unemployment? of study
I engaged in recruitment
process but not successful 7 7
yet

I haven’t applied for job 4 4

Total 21 21
8 Do you think youth unemployment has any effect on Yes 79 79
economic development? No 21 21
Total 100 100
From statement 7 above indicates that majority of the respondents 10 (10%) the think that there
is no vacancies with their field of study. In addition, 7 (7%) of the respondents engaged in the
requirement process but they were not successful. The rest 4 (4%) of the respondents were have
not applied for job. Statement 8 shows that majority of the respondents 79 (79%) think youth
unemployment has any effect on economic development. Nevertheless, 21 (21) percent of the
respondents think that youth unemployment has no any effect on economic development. From
this unemployment among young people has been described as having serious consequences for
future lives of young adults and for society at large.

Qualitative data analysis

The samples of the respondents were graduated from different colleges and universities. Among
31 of the samples who hold Diploma were graduated from 15 from Hosana college, 5 of them
were from Mehal Amba TVET, 2 of them were from Holeta TVET, 4 of them were from Metu
teachers education, 2 of them were from fiche, 2 of them were from Sebeta, and Neqemt
respectively. In addition, among 69 degree holder participants 14 of them were from Wolkite, 9
of them were from Jimma, 5 of them were from Wolaita Sodo, 4 of them were from Worabe, 4
of them were from Wollo, 3 of them were from Wollega, 3 of them were from Dilla, 3 of them
were from Addis Ababa, 3 of them were from Debre birhan, 3 of them were from reft Vally, 3 of
them were from Jigjiga, 3 of them were from Hawassa 2 of them were from Bule Hora, 2 of
them were from Adama, 2 of them were from woldia, 2 of them were from Ambo, 2 of them
were from Mizan, and 2 of them were from Dire Dawa, university.
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Moreover, the participants were graduated from 20 of them were from Accounting, 10 of them
were from Economics, 9 of them were from engineering, 8 of them were from HRM &
leadership, 7 of them were from management, 5 of them were from animal health, 5 of them
were from Electrical and computer management. 5 of them were from animal science, 5 of them
were from tourism 4 of them were from chemistry, 4 of them were from physics, 2 of them were
from civic and ethical education, 3 of them were from veterinary, 2 of them were from history, 2
of them were from hydraulic and water resource, 2 of them were from geography, 2 of them
were from Mathematics, 2 of them were from integrated, and 2 of them were from biology.
The respondents data shows that majority of their cumulative GPA was 68 (68%) below 3 point
and 32 (32%) of them were above 3 point.
16. What is your plan for the future?
Majority of unemployed youths planned to create a job by their own. However, some of them
want the government to create jobs for them.
According to the researchers, youths should be creative by their own rather than waiting
government. Indeed, there are capable and brilliant youth who could have done for scholarships
and good job opportunities if they were ever given opportunities and guidance. Due to
unfortunate circumstances inflicted by various magnitude of poverty, lead them to miss those
chances in their lives with poverty, jobless, homeless and poor. The causes of unemployment can
also be manifested as the consequences of unemployment. For instance, poverty deprives a
person from education opportunity to study, and so that person will remain in poverty.
1. What do you think are the causes of youth unemployment in your area?

Majority of the respondents replied that currently, government sectors cannot be employed
without having relative in the sector and to work privately it requires budget. Moreover, others
said there are no vacancies related to their field

Previous related researches

Many researchers have conducted different researches related to this topic. The current
researchers also tried to refer different researches to crosscheck their finding

Polona Domadenik, (2005) conducted a research on the title the impact of education and
training systems on the labor market participation of young people in CEE economies.

7
his findings suggests that unemployed young people are more likely to have poor physical
health, engage more frequently in criminal behaviors, increased risk of smoking, alcohol
consumption and substance abuse. Moreover, unemployment among young people has been
associated with higher mortality rate due to suicide and alcohol.

Wangmo, Deki (2009), conducted a study on youth unemployment and its consequences. The
major finding derived from such study is that one of the vital complex issues that we need to deal
is changing the social mindset of the people along with economic development of the country.
This can be verified with the simplest example of the attitude of youth towards the blue collar
jobs in the case of the Bhutanese youth. Therefore changing their attitude towards work means
changing their total social outlook with the way they think.
Bhutan, (2008) conducted a research on the title increasing female unemployment and its
consequences and he revealed that the rate of unemployment of women is significantly higher
than those of men, which is also on the rise according to the consecutive labor force survey
report from Ministry of Labor and Human Resources.

Findings of the research

 All participants of the study were in the age of 18-35 years that means all were in
productive age. However, the numbers of employed and unemployed youths were equal.
 The majority of the unemployed youths were males who earn their living by selling chat.
Moreover, they were addictive.
 Many youths have employed but not in the field in which they graduated.
 This finding shows that the number of female employees are less compared to males
 Many organizations advertisement were not in a general way, but in a closed way.

8
References
Bhutan National Human Resources Development Plan 2007, UNDP, Ministry of Labour and
Human Resources (2008).
Hammer, T. and I. Julkunen (2002), “Surviving Unemployment: A Question of Money or
Families?”, in Hammer, T. (ed., 2002), Youth Unemployment and Social Exclusion in
Europe, The Policy Press, forthcoming.
Polona Domadenik ;Institute for South East Europe (ISEE) and University of Ljubljana E-mail:
[email protected]
Wangmo, Deki (2009), conducted a study on youth unemployment and its consequences in
Bhutan
Sonam Kinga (2005).Youth in Bhutan: Education, Employment, Development. Monograph
14January 2005

9
Annex-1
Ambo University Woliso Campus
College of Business and Economics
Department of Management
Mini Research for the Course Statistical Decision Theory and Analysis on Analysis of
Youth Employment
Appendix Questionnaires

Dear respondents,

I am __________________________, MBA candidate of Ambo University Woliso Campus. The

purpose of this questionnaire is to conduct research on youth employment for partial fulfilment
of the requirement of the course Statistical Decision Theory and Analysis. The Response given
by you have a great contribution on quality of this survey. Hence, as your’s response to this
survey is highly confidential and used for academic purpose only, I humbly request your genuine
response and you are kindly requested to fill out the questionnaire accurately and frankly.

The data will be collected from only:

Youth age between 18-35
First degree and below
Graduates of 2009 to 2013 Or 2017 to 2021

Note: Self-employed are considered as employed

Insert the data in to the software named Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS)

Instruction: put (x) mark in the box for cloze ended questionnaires.
I would like to thank you in advance for your cooperation
Part I: Demographic Questions
1. Respondents code _______________
2. Age in years
Below 18 18 – 35 Above 35
3. Gender

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 Female Male
4. Marital status
Never married Married Separated Widowed
5. Education level
Diploma/TVET Degree Above Degree
6. University/College graduated from _______________________________
7. Year of graduation ____________________________
8. Field of study ________________________________
9. Cumulative GPA ______________________________
Part II: Causes of Youth Unemployment
10. Are there unemployed youth in your community?
Yes No
11. What is your Employment status
Employed Not yet employed
12. If the answer to question number 11 above is 1, what is the type of employment contract
you have?
Permanent Temporary No contract
13. If the answer to question number 11 above is 1, have you get employed with your field of
study?
Yes No
14. If the answer to question number 10 above is 1, how you get employment?
Vacancy is posted openly for all and I passed through all recruitment process
Through recommendation
Any other modality, Specify _________________________
15. If the answer to question number 11 above is 2, what do you think is the basic reason for
your unemployment?
No vacancies with my field of study
I engaged in recruitment process but not successful yet
I haven’t applied for job
Any other reason, please state ____________________________________________

11
 16. If the answer to question number 11 above is 2, what is your plan in the future? Please
state here
……………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………
17. What do you think are the causes of youth unemployment in your area?
……………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………

Do you think youth unemployment has any effect on economic development?

YES NO

If YES, How does youth unemployment affect economic development in your area?

……………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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Annex-2
Reliability
Scale: ALL VARIABLES
Case Processing Summary
N %
Valid 50 50.0
a
Cases Excluded 50 50.0
Total 100 100.0
a. Listwise deletion based on all variables in the
procedure.
Reliability Statistics

Cronbach's N of Items
Alpha

.844 7

Frequencies

age Gender marital Education are there what is your If the answer If the If the answer If the answer to Do you think
in status level unemployed employment to question answer to to question question number 11 youth
years youth in your status number 11 question number 10 above is 2, what do unemployment
community? above is 1, number 11 above is 1, you think is the basic has any effect on
what is the above is 1, how you get reason for your economic
type of have you employment? unemployment? development?
employment get

13
 contract you employed
have? with your
field of
study?
Valid 100 100 100 100 100 100 50 51 100 100 100
Missing 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 49 0 0 0
Std. Error .000 .048 .049 .046 .042 .050 .057 8.674 .090 .100
of Mean
Median 2.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.50 1.00 2.00 2.50 4.00
Mode 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 3 4
Std. .000 .479 .488 .465 .423 .503 .404 61.942 .900 1.000
Deviation
Variance .000 .230 .238 .216 .179 .253 .163 3836.787 .809 1.000
Std. Error .241 .241 .241 .241 .241 .241 .337 .333 .241 .241
of
Skewness
Std. Error .478 .478 .478 .478 .478 .478 .662 .656 .478 .478
of Kurtosis
Range 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 443 2 3
Minimum 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Maximum 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 444 3 4
Skewness -.639 .502 -.834 1.303 .000 1.547 7.141 -.345 -1.820
Frequency Table
age in years

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Valid 18-35 100 100.0 100.0 100.0

Gender

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

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 Female 35 35.0 35.0 35.0

Valid Male 65 65.0 65.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

marital status

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

never married 62 62.0 62.0 62.0

Valid Married 38 38.0 38.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

Education level

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Diploma/TVET 31 31.0 31.0 31.0

Valid Degree 69 69.0 69.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

are there unemployed youth in your community?

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent
Valid Yes 77 77.0 77.0 77.0

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 No 23 23.0 23.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

what is your employment status

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Employed 50 50.0 50.0 50.0

Valid not yet employed 50 50.0 50.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

If the answer to question number 11 above is 1, what is the type of employment contract you
have?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent

Permanent 40 40.0 80.0 80.0

Valid Temporary 10 10.0 20.0 100.0

Total 50 50.0 100.0

Missing 4444 50 50.0

Total 100 100.0

If the answer to question number 11 above is 1, have you get employed with your field
of study?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent

Valid Yes 17 17.0 33.3 33.3

16
 No 33 33.0 64.7 98.0

444 1 1.0 2.0 100.0

Total 51 51.0 100.0

Missing 4444 49 49.0

Total 100 100.0

If the answer to question number 10 above is 1, how you get employment?

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Vacancy is posted openly for all
and I passed through all 33 33.0 33.0 33.0
recruitment process
Valid
Through recommendation 17 17.0 17.0 50.0
4444 50 50.0 50.0 100.0
Total 100 100.0 100.0
If the answer to question number 11 above is 2, what do you think is the basic reason for your
unemployment?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
No vacancies with my field of
10 10.0 10.0 10.0
study
I engaged in recruitment process
7 7.0 7.0 17.0
Valid but not successful yet
I haven’t applied for job 4 4.0 4.0 21.0
4444 79 79.0 79.0 100.0
Total 100 100.0 100.0
Do you think youth unemployment has any effect on economic development?

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 Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent

yes 79 79.0 79.0 79.0

Valid No 21 21.0 21.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

Frequency Table
age in years

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Valid 18-35 100 100.0 100.0 100.0

Gender

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Female 35 35.0 35.0 35.0

Valid Male 65 65.0 65.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

marital status

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent
Valid never married 62 62.0 62.0 62.0

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 Married 38 38.0 38.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

Education level

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Diploma/TVET 31 31.0 31.0 31.0

Valid Degree 69 69.0 69.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

are there unemployed youth in your community?

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

Yes 77 77.0 77.0 77.0

Valid No 23 23.0 23.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

what is your employment status

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent
Valid
Employed 50 50.0 50.0 50.0

not yet employed 50 50.0 50.0 100.0

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 Total 100 100.0 100.0

If the answer to question number 11 above is 1, what is the type of employment contract you
have?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent

Permanent 40 40.0 80.0 80.0

Valid Temporary 10 10.0 20.0 100.0

Total 50 50.0 100.0

Missing 4444 50 50.0

Total 100 100.0

If the answer to question number 11 above is 1, have you get employed with your field
of study?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent

Yes 17 17.0 33.3 33.3

No 33 33.0 64.7 98.0

Valid
444 1 1.0 2.0 100.0

Total 51 51.0 100.0

Missing 4444 49 49.0

Total 100 100.0

If the answer to question number 10 above is 1, how you get employment?

20
 Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Vacancy is posted openly for all
and I passed through all 33 33.0 33.0 33.0
recruitment process
Valid
Through recommendation 17 17.0 17.0 50.0
4444 50 50.0 50.0 100.0
Total 100 100.0 100.0
If the answer to question number 11 above is 2, what do you think is the basic reason for your
unemployment?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
No vacancies with my field of
10 10.0 10.0 10.0
study
I engaged in recruitment process
Valid 7 7.0 7.0 17.0
but not successful yet
I haven’t applied for job 4 4.0 4.0 21.0
4444 79 79.0 79.0 100.0
Total 100 100.0 100.0
Do you think youth unemployment has any effect on economic development?

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent

yes 79 79.0 79.0 79.0

Valid No 21 21.0 21.0 100.0

Total 100 100.0 100.0

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