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Discourse Analysis - Paper

This document discusses discourse analysis of narcissism through analysis of word use and language patterns in interviews and writings. It provides background information on narcissistic personality disorder criteria from the DSM-V and research showing narcissists use language like first-person pronouns and words related to success to boost their self-esteem. The document then analyzes videos of interviews with possible narcissists and matches their language behaviors to diagnostic criteria for narcissism. Sources are provided on narcissism, linguistic analysis methods, and specific studies analyzing language patterns in narcissistic individuals.

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Vanessa Kralj
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29 views

Discourse Analysis - Paper

This document discusses discourse analysis of narcissism through analysis of word use and language patterns in interviews and writings. It provides background information on narcissistic personality disorder criteria from the DSM-V and research showing narcissists use language like first-person pronouns and words related to success to boost their self-esteem. The document then analyzes videos of interviews with possible narcissists and matches their language behaviors to diagnostic criteria for narcissism. Sources are provided on narcissism, linguistic analysis methods, and specific studies analyzing language patterns in narcissistic individuals.

Uploaded by

Vanessa Kralj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Discourse Analysis

Videos:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TgpcSg2ZeOs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MyXdvt4_AZA

Narcissism: © 2012 American Psychiatric Association. All Rights Reserved.


https://motamem.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Narcissism-Criteria-DSM-V.pdf
Brown and Zeigler-Hill, 2004, Campbell, Rudich, and Sedikides, 2002

Word use:
Even though earlier research on the use of pronouns in connection with narcissism (e.g., [81])
indicated that, particularly in narcissistic males, the use of first person pronouns (1PP, also known as
“I-talk”) is higher compared to that of non-narcissistic individuals. These findings were refuted in later
research, which did not find the frequencies of 1PPs to be higher in narcissistic compared to non-
narcissistic individuals [82]. In this research, high levels of narcissism have been found to correlate
with second person pronouns (2PP) and swear words, as well as with low frequencies of anxiety/fear
words, tentative words, and words related to sensory/perceptual processes [82]. It has to be
highlighted again that, as is the case for the language of psychopaths, the vast majority of studies
have focused on narcissists’ spoken communications produced in clinical or interview settings rather
than in their private written communication, making the present study one of the first to venture into
this area.
https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6756/3/1/6#:~:text=In%20this%20research%2C
%20high%20levels,%2Fperceptual%20processes%20%5B82%5D.

Narcissists’ word use and esteem regulation


Narcissists use a number of different routes to boost their self-esteem and, thereby,
maintain an overly positive and inflated sense of self. Important to the present
research, one method by which narcissists regulate their esteem is through
communication patterns. Narcissists brag about their accomplishments in
conversation (Buss & Chiodo, 1991) and use more first-person singular pronouns
during impromptu monologues (Raskin & Shaw, 1988). First-person pronoun use is
one particularly useful
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0191886911001310?via
%3Dihub

Diagnostic Features: “The essential feature of narcissistic personality disorder is a pervasive


pattern of grandi osity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy that begins by early
adulthood and is pres ent in a variety of contexts.”
Diagnostic criteria:
Has a grandiose sense of self-importance (e.g., exaggerates achievements and talents,
expects to be recognized as superior without commensurate achievements).
Is preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty, or ideal
love.
Believes that he or she is “special” and unique and can only be understood by, or
should associate with, other special or high-status people (or institutions).
Requires excessive admiration.
Has a sense of entitlement (i.e., unreasonable expectations of especially favorable
treatment or automatic compliance with his or her expectations).
Is interpersonally exploitative (i.e., takes advantage of others to achieve his or her own
ends).
Lacks empathy: is unwilling to recognize or identify with the feelings and needs of others.
Is often envious of others or believes that others are envious of him or her.
Shows arrogant, haughty behaviors or attitudes.
Gender-Related Diagnostic Issues: Of those diagnosed with narcissistic personality disorder,
50%-75% are male.

How do we know that the people interviewed are narcissists?


First Video:

How does the topic fit into mass media discourse?


YouTube Videos
YouTube is one of the most well-known and widely discussed sites of participatory media in
the contemporary online environment, and it is the first genuinely mass-popular platform for
user-created video (Burgess). Burgess, Jean. YouTube: Online Video and Participatory Culture.
Cambridge: Polity Press, 2009. Print.
Mass Media -> Social Media -> YouTube

Aim of the paper:


the dynamics of the interview, including how are questions responded to (or not), what kind
of power dynamics are at play in the interaction; what are their strategies of self-
presentation, etc.

Dynamics:
 Category 2: Is preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance,
beauty, or ideal love.

 Cetagory 3: Believes that he or she is “special” and unique and can only be
understood by, or should associate with, other special or high- status people (or
institutions).
 Category 7: Lacks empathy: is unwilling to recognize or identify with the feelings and
needs of others.
 Category 9: Shows arrogant, haughty behaviors or attitudes.

Methodology
1. Transcript
2. Find dynamics and match them to the category
3. Conclusion: What are their strategies of self-presentation?

Sources:
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/narcissistic-personality-disorder/
symptoms-causes/syc-20366662
© 2012 American Psychiatric Association. All Rights Reserved.
https://motamem.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Narcissism-Criteria-DSM-V.pdf
Brown and Zeigler-Hill, 2004, Campbell, Rudich, and Sedikides, 2002

American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental


disorders (5th ed., text rev.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787

Carey, A. L., Brucks, M. S., Kufner, A. C. P., Holtzman, N. S., Deters, F. G., Back, M. D.,
Donnellan, M. B., Pennebaker, J. W., & Mehl, M. R. (2015). Narcissism and the use of
personal pronouns revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.

C. Nathan DeWall, et. al. (2011). Narcissism and implicit attention seeking: Evidence from
linguistic analyses of social networking and online presentation, Personality and Individual
Differences. Volume 51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.03.011.

Swithin, Tina (2016). The Narc Decoder: Understanding the Language of the Narcissist. The
Narc Decoder: California.

Vaknin, Sam (2015). Malignant Self-love: Narcissism Revisited. Narcissus Publications:


Skopje.

Fast, L. A., & Funder, D. C. (2008). Personality as manifest in word use: Correlations with self-
report, acquaintance report, and behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.

Holtzman, N. S., Carey, A. L., Brucks, M., Küfner, A. C. P., Deters, F. G., Back, M. D., Mehl, M.
R. (2015). Beyond I-talk: A multi-site, mutli-measure, multi-langugage investigation into
general and context- specific linguistic markers of narcissism.

Marko K, Leibetseder I. Linguistic Indicators of Psychopathy and Malignant Narcissism in the Personal Letters of the
Austrian Killer Jack Unterweger. Forensic Sciences. 2023; 3(1):45-68. https://doi.org/10.3390/forensicsci3010006

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