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Smartphone and IoT Based System for Integrated Farm Monitoring

Chapter · January 2020

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-16848-3_43

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Manoj A. Patil Amol C Adamuthe

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Smartphone and IoT based system for Integrated Farm Monitoring
1 2 3
Manoj A. Patil , Amol C. Adamuthe , A. J. Umbarkar
1,2
Asst. Professor, Department of IT, KES’s Rajarambapu Institute of Technology,
Affiliated to Shivaji University Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
1
Research Scholar, VIT Vellore
3
Asst. Professor, Department of IT, WCE, Sangli, Maharashtra, India
1
[email protected]
2
[email protected]

Abstract. India has larger agricultural lands but it does not cross the world’s
standard in plant productivity. There are many reasons for low plant yield. To
improve the productivity and technological support system for agriculture is
essential. This paper presents an integrated farm monitoring system by using
Smartphone application and Internet of Things. Using this system farmers can
remotely monitor farm for soil moisture, leaf wetness duration, pH level in the
soil, temperature and humidity in the environment. The system quickly analyses
the weather and soil conditions in a particular area where the plant is present and
gives new insights to manipulate the decision making. The system is deployed
and tested in fields of Islmapur, Maharashtra. The proposed tool is cost effective
and productive system for farmers.
Keywords: Farm monitoring, IoT, Smartphone, Sensors.

1 Introduction

Agriculture is the major source of Indian Economy. Around 70% of Indians are
depending on agriculture and it generates one-third of the revenue. Agriculture shares
the largest part of the employees about 52% in India. Also, agriculture stands in the
third position in contribution towards GDP (14%). India has huge agricultural lands but
it does not cross the world’s standards in plant productivity. In India, agriculture product
losses are very huge. One of the major reasons for this is lack of knowledge about the
weather changes and effects of the same on the plant's health which in turn has a major
effect on agricultural productivity.

Farming has been perhaps the most adopted profession through the course of history. It
provides people with the food and many other essential materials that one needs in life.
Advancement in traditional agriculture field is mandatory for the development of an
economic condition of the country. In India, a majority of the farmers still follow the
traditional practices of agriculture which result in poor yielding. Agricultural issues
making a week for the development of the country. Traditional farming in the Indian
context is farming done using traditional equipment’s, embedded knowledge and
wisdom gained from the experience over many generations. Mostly passed on by visual
and oral instructions. The optimal solution to this problem is technology-based
agriculture by reforming the traditional methods of farming. The speed of the work has
been accelerated with the arrival of machines. Similarly, with better techniques being
applied, plant yield will increase as we use modern techniques instead of using
traditional methods. Smart agriculture practices and advanced technology reduces the
labour work than traditional agriculture, and quantity of the yield is increased because
there is a focus on maximizing production and maintaining a consistent quality. The
aim of this proposed system is to make agriculture system smart using Mobile
Application, Web Application and IoT technology.

The proposed system has the potential to address the issue such as how to deal with the
plants when environment condition changes. The data collected by the IoT sensors
which gives an overall status of the plants and based on this data requirements are
identified. The IoT solutions based on sensors data will help in improving the plant
productivity by the way of monitoring the plant. With this systematic analysis of the
sensor data surrounding the plant is possible and the user can see all the details about
the plant in a simplified manner so that he can take appropriate decisions about the plant.

This paper is organized as follows: In section 2 presents related work for the agriculture
sector. Section 3 is about a proposed integrated system. Finally, section 4 is conclusions.

2 Related work

There are various difficulties to design a fully smart agriculture system for monitoring
and plant disease prediction and lots of research is taking place based on IoT. In the
existing systems, many researchers and industrialist worked on smart agriculture
system.

In [1]-[4], authors developed an advanced system for monitoring the weather conditions
at a particular area and allow a user to access the data through the Internet.

In [5]-[7], authors extended research on the design and development of a smart nitrate
sensor and soil moisture for monitoring nitrate concentration in surface and
groundwater.

In [8]-[11], the authors proposed an algorithm for image classification and segmentation
technique which is used for automatically detecting plant leaf diseases.

In [12]-[13], the authors proposed a crop diseases intelligent monitoring system. It uses
ZigBee technology to connect the end sensing devices and big data platforms.
In [14], authors proposed a monitoring system identify grape diseases in its early stages
by using Hidden Markov Model and provides alerts via SMS to the farmer.

In [15], authors developed a set of an agricultural Internet system with expert guidance
and investigated the key sensors in the perception layer, 4G in the transportation layer,
application framework for the application layer.

In [16], authors developed an automatic agriculture monitoring system which will

monitor the agricultural field and performing live video streaming for monitoring
through a raspberry pi camera.

In several agricultural systems, disease warning is done through Leaf wetness duration
(LWD) measurements and it is an important variable for the diagnose of plant disease
epidemiology [17]. These sensors have the ability to track environmental changes,
allowing you to grow healthier crops with a higher yield.

In [18], authors proposed a weather prediction system using a fuzzy logic algorithm for
supporting general farming automation.

Table 1 summaries the review of work done in the area of agriculture sector using
information technology

Table 1. Summary of literature survey

Purpose Parameters used Method used Ref.
Weather Monitoring Temperature, humidity, IoT based monitoring [1]
light intensity & CO system using Arduino Uno
Weather prediction Soil moisture and Weather Fuzzy logic algorithm [18]
Service Provider
Irrigation monitoring Soil moisture & Fuzzy logic-based weather [2]
temperature, environmental condition modeling system
temperature & humidity
and CO2 sensor
Soil Monitoring pH sensor, temperature IoT based soil monitoring [3]
sensor, and humidity sensor system using raspberry pi
Soil Moisture Passive Soil Moisture Preliminary validation of [5]
Product (L2_SM_P) and its the L2_SM_P soil moisture
validation product
Soil Nutrients Nitrogen, phosphorous and Nutrients are determined by [7]
Detection potassium chemical processes
Water management Humidity and the IoT based on Raspberry PI [13]
temperature of the soil
Water management Temperature, humidity and IoT based on Raspberry PI [16]
moisture using sensors
 Water management Humidity and the IoT based automatic [4]
temperature of the soil irrigation system using
Raspberry Pi
Water management pH sensor and EC sensors IoT Technology in [6]
for chili plants automatic water sprinkle
and real-time monitoring
Detection of Plant Leaves like rose, beans Classification of [8]
Leaf Diseases leaf, lemon leaf, banana disease using feature
leaf and beans leaf extraction method
Leaf diseases ın Plants, leaves and stems Soft computıng technıques [9]
pepper plants
Crop disease Disease incidence & Machine Learning [10]
severity
Leaf Disease Humidity, temperature and IoT based on Raspberry PI [11]
soil moisture sensing
Grapes Diseases Temperature, humidity, Machine Learning and IoT [14]
moisture, leaf wetness
sensors

These papers presented automation system for smart agriculture and disease prediction
by considering specific sensor features and image-based system. However complete
farm monitoring system is not available as per requirement of farmers from different
regions.

3 Proposed system for Integrated Farm Monitoring

This paper proposes an integrated system for farm monitoring based on smartphone and
IoT Technology. The proposed system is designed and developed to integrate data of
different sensors to monitor the plant and farm conditions.

The sub-objectives are,

• Enable the farmers to easily visualize data collected from sensors.
• Collect and manage the data received from the sensors by using Mobile App and
Web App.

It collects the data from the particular field using various sensors and sends it to the
microcontroller through a wifi module. To analyse the collected data, it uses cloud
service. The system gives integrated information to the farmer about plant condition
based on sensors data. The user can access the sensor data through Android Smartphone
and Web App (Website Application) via cloud service. In addition to these parameters,
some other parameters like pH of the soil, moisture content in the soil and nitrogen are
also played a vital role in plant growth. By collecting and monitoring these data, the
farmer can make a better decision so, that the yield of the plant could be increased.
We have used the components like Raspberry Pi, Soil Moisture Sensor, DHT
temperature Sensor, Leaf wetness duration (LWD) Sensor, pH Sensor. The Raspberry
Pi, Sensors, Relay Board, Android Phone, Computer, etc. are integrated to monitor the
plant effectively. Smartphone connected wireless to the Raspberry Pi (RPI) via the
Internet. RPI is a small hand-held computer connected to the sensors. An android app
helps to monitor the plant by taking date from various sensors. RPI provides bare metal
programming on Linux and contains libraries which can directly communicate with
GPIO (General Purpose Input Output) pins by many programming languages like
Python and C. It made by ARM (Advanced RISC Machines) processor with a 1GB
RAM and provide powerful performance processor. Free tool of Linux based Operating
System is available like GNU drivers USB, file system, graphics, and Unix-like
Environment. The system helps to manage sensors data, analyse the data, envision the
results. This system will be really useful to the farmer, who can take a decision
immediately based on sensor data and helps him/her to treat plant or harvest effectively.
Figure 1 shows the activity diagram of the proposed system.

Fig. 1. Proposed system: Activity diagram

Soil Moisture Sensor measures the volumetric water content in the soil. The amount of
moisture content in soil is important to know because to provide the optimum nutrients
to the growing plant. Measuring a pH of the soil is an important aspect for growing
healthy plants because it controls required nutrients available for the plants like
nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK). The humidity and temperate sensors
measure the temperature and moisture in the air.

Smartphone (Android application): This module is used for the user interface to the
system through mobile application by login to the system as authenticating the user.
The user should enter correct credentials to get access into the system. If the user enters
the correct username and password then he/she will get access to the system and can
see all the details about the plant, otherwise, it will show the invalid user.

Website application (Web App): This module is used for the user interface to the
system through Web application which is having similar functions like a Smartphone.

Internet of things: Internet of things provides the connectivity between various

sensors, Android application, Web App and Embedded system through the internet
connection.

To interface with the system, we can use Smartphone android application by clicking
on app icon of the smart plant on your smartphone then it will start the app. The
authentic user can see all the plant details in the simplified manner shown in fig. 2. We
can also access the plant details through the Web App. A user will be able to see the
history of data on web application shown in fig.3. We have tested this system in
Islampur (MS, India) April 2018 and analysed sensor data to check the performance of
the plant. We have been accessed the sensor data through Mobile App and Web APP.

Fig. 2. Smartphone Android Application

The cost of the proposed system is around Rs. 7000, covers 10 guntha area and which
is a cost-effective solution. We have integrated fives types of sensors data which are
very important to monitor the plant growth whereas existing system considered only
three sensors to monitor. We are using android and web application to monitor the farm
by the farmers but the existing system used only web application which is not feasible
for the farmers to monitor.
We gather most of the information about the environment remotely which is required
for healthy plant growth. It helps the farmer to get needful information which is crucial
for the smart agriculture.

Fig. 3. Designed web application

We have developed simple and user-friendly mobile application and web application to
monitor the details of the plant. Monitoring via Smartphone application requires less
manpower and people with physical disabilities can be employed for the monitoring of
fields. Overall, our proposed system is feasible and has a wide scope in terms of its
application.

4 Conclusions

Paper presents a system helpful to farmers for improving the productivity of farms by
continuously monitoring the farm conditions. The proposed system continuously collect
real-time data from the surrounding environment through sensors. Internet of Things
technology is used to monitor the plant condition through sensors data that works of
parameters namely soil moisture, leaf wetness duration, pH level, temperature and
humidity. Continuously monitoring of environmental conditions send to farmers on
mobile application. Proposed system is implemented in Islampur and accepted by many
farmers. Future scope of the work is to use machine intelligence for decision support
system to farmers for different agricultural problems.
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