269
269
FINAL REPORT
(2nd Revision)
August 2001
Prepared by:
Menara Promet, 23rd Floor, Jalan Sultan Ismail
50250 Kuala Lumpur
Tel: 03-2141 8840 Fax: 03-2148 0154
In association with:
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
PART A - BACKGROUND
Page
PART B - ANALYSIS
Page
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16.3 PERFORMANCE CONSIDERATIONS FOR HIGHER SPEED AND LARGER VESSELS D-5
16.3.1 Applicable Vessel Categories D-5
16.3.2 Wake, Wash and Shoreline Considerations D-5
16.3.3 Speed Considerations D-6
16.3.4 Vessel Noise D-7
16.3.5 Air Quality D-9
16.3.6 Stopping and Manoeuvrability D-9
16.3.7 Water Draught D-9
16.3.8 Air Draught D-9
16.4 POWERED LEISURE BOATS D - 10
16.5 FERRY AND TOUR BOATS D - 10
16.6 CRUISE BOATS D - 12
16.7 CATEGORISATION AND SPECIFICATION OF POWERED BOATS D - 15
16.8 STAGE 2 TECHNICAL DESIGN / PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION D - 18
17.0 PRELIMINARY SCHEMATIC DESIGN OF WATER BASED FACILITIES D - 19
17.1 BACKGROUND D - 19
17.2 FERRY AND TOUR BOAT TERMINALS D - 19
17.3 CASUAL BERTHS D - 23
17.4 MARINA D - 24
17.5 DAM SPILLWAY ACCESS CONTROL BOOM D - 24
18.0 PUTRAJAYA LAKE NAVIGATION CONSIDERATIONS D - 26
18.1 BACKGROUND D - 26
18.2 NAVIGATIONAL AIDS, MARKERS AND SIGNAGE D - 29
18.3 EDUCATION REGULATION, SURVEILLANCE AND POLICING D - 33
18.4 RECOMMENDATION D - 34
19.0 STAGE 2 INTEGRATED NAVIGATION MANUAL D - 35
19.1 TERMS OF REFERENCE D - 35
19.2 LAKE BATHYMETRY D - 35
19.3 LAKE NAVIGATION CHART D - 36
19.4 GENERAL NAVIGATION HANDBOOK FOR LAKE USERS D - 36
19.5 NAVIGATION MANAGEMENT MANUAL D - 36
19.6 SUPPLEMENTARY CODES OF PRACTICE D - 39
20.0 INTEGRATED LAKE NAVIGATION MASTER PLAN D - 40
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27.0 RISK ASSESSMENT FOR PUTRAJAYA LAKE AND WETLAND ATTRIBUTES AND
ACTIVITIES F-1
27.1 INTRODUCTION F-1
27.2 THE PUTRAJAYA LAKE AND WETLANDS SYSTEM F-1
27.3 LAKE SYSTEM COMPONENTS F-2
27.3.1 Background F-2
27.3.2 Wetlands F-2
27.3.3 The Drainage System F-3
27.3.4 Land Abutting the Lake F-4
27.4 ZONING OF THE LAKE F-4
27.5 ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS OF CONCERN F-5
27.6 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND CONTROLS F-5
27.7 RISK ASSESSMENT CRITERIA F-5
27.8 THE APPROACH TO RISK MANAGEMENT F-6
27.9 COMMUNICATION F-7
27.9.1 Background F-7
27.9.2 Internal Communication F-7
27.9.3 External Communication F-7
Page
PART A
BACKGROUND
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The consultancy services are to be undertaken in accordance with the Design Brief,
Scope of Works and Scope of Services included as an attachment to the Perbadanan
Putrajaya letter of appointment dated 6 November 2000.
The manmade Putrajaya Lake will be the most significant visual and landscape
feature of the new city unifying its central precincts and surrounding topography.
The physical attributes of Lake Putrajaya including its edge treatments, its water
quality and the diversity of community leisure and commercial activities it supports,
as well as the visual setting and view corridor opportunities created for buildings and
public open space that address the water, will be critical in defining the ultimate
character and the national symbolism of Putrajaya.
The Lake Use and Navigation Master Plans and the Emergency Response Plan are
intended to serve as a prime reference for Perbadanan Putrajaya; the developers of
sites having lake frontage; lake based commercial operators; relevant Government
agencies and authorities; and the community of Putrajaya including residents, workers
and visitors; providing guidelines for appropriate shoreline development, water use,
navigation and best practice in all relevant aspects of lake management.
There is an enormous volume of previous technical studies and design reports, as well
as development planning and detailed design currently in progress, which are relevant
to the formulation of Putrajaya Lake Use and Navigation Master Plans.
Flooding of the Sg. Chuau and Sg. Bisa valleys will create a lake system
within the heart of the City occupying more than 600 hectares, which
represents almost 14% of the total area of the Administrative Centre and 37%
of the planned total allocation of open space within Putrajaya.
The Putrajaya Master Plan including the configuration of the Putrajaya Lake system is
illustrated in Figure 4.1.
Figure 4.1 - Putrajaya Master Plan
The Putrajaya lake system occupies more than 600 hectares including
manmade wetlands and small-perched lakes located on the major
incoming tributaries immediately above the main body of the lake.
The lake system has a total upstream catchment of 51 square
kilometres.
Upper North, West and East Wetlands, Upper East and Central
Wetlands, and Upper Sg. Bisa Wetlands Parks have been established
above the main lake with the aim of reducing gross pollutants,
suspended solids and nutrients and otherwise improving the physical
and bacteriological quality of water discharging to the primary lake
from its principal catchments.
The 390 hectare primary Putrajaya Lake was created by inundating the
valleys of Sungai Chuau and Sungai Bisa. It is characterised by a deep
main basin at the south (approximately 9 to 13 metres deep) and a
narrow arm of the lake approximately north of the dam (2 to 7 metres
deep). The design full supply level of Putrajaya Lake is EL 21.0
metres, corresponding to a water volume of 26.5 million cubic metres.
The lake is in its second phase of construction. The first phase (Phase
1A) of 110 hectares has been completed and filled behind a temporary
dam and the second phase of the lake (Phase 1B) which will cover an
additional area of about 310 hectares has not yet been inundated
pending completion of the main dam at the southernmost end of the
lake. The whole lake is expected to be ready for inundation
commencing 1 July 2001 with filling proceeding into year 2003.
The western arm of the primary lake between the northern weir and the
dam in the south generally varies in width between 140 metres and 800
metres, while the narrower eastern arm of the lake following the
eastern shoreline of the core island is generally about 100 metres in
width.
The distance between the northern most weir below the Central
Wetlands waterbody and the dam wall in the far south is approximately
6 kilometres in a straight line, or approximately 9 kilometres by way of
a midstream navigation path.
4.2.2 Geology
There is still a need to reliably assess the combined effect of all lake
inflows and outflows in wet, normal and dry hydrological years and to
establish anticipated drawdown levels and associated recurrence
intervals.
The well defined valley edges of the Phase 1A lake area have generally
required relatively minor cutting and filling to create the required lake
edge land form prior to inundation.
Within the Phase 1B lake area, the pre-existing topography around the
lake edge has generally contained slopes of less than 10%.
The eastern arm of the lake around the east of the core island involves
earthworks in cut with the exception of the lower 1 km section which
is constructed within fill batters. Almost all of the remaining Phase 1B
Lake Shoreline is formed by filling.
A weir separating the Central Wetlands from the primary lake has been
designed as a curved free overflow structure to resemble a small
waterfall.
4.2.6 Dam
i. Rainfall
iv. Evaporation
v. Surface Winds
vi. Sunshine
The quality of water in the lake, which is intended to be suitable for body
contact, water sports and recreational activities, is a planning, design and
operational management issue of paramount importance.
Although the wetlands upstream of the primary lake will play a key role in
maintaining a high standard of water quality through pollutant capture, it is
significant that approximately 39% of catchments inflow to the lake is from
the immediate lake perimeter without passing through wetlands.
The Putrajaya Lake has been planned to cater for multi-functional uses,
including recreation, fishing, water sports and water transport. The lake and
its foreshores will also form Putrajaya’s most popular resource for informal
recreation.
5.1 BACKGROUND
Drawing 5.1 shows present land use zoning proposals for land associated with
various sections of the overall lake body. Some areas in the north are already
fully developed or being developed while others are in various stages of
planning from conceptual to detailed guidelines.
It is important that the use of the lake be appropriate to the amenity, character
and use of the adjoining lakeside land development. Lakeside land use falls
broadly into three categories:
i. Public Parks;
ii. Commercial/Mixed Use; and
iii. Residential.
Public parks offer opportunities for viewing and access for major water
activity events and more active recreational pursuits, while Commercial
interfaces with ferries, tour boats and marinas and has potential to activate the
lakeside with outdoor eating, retail, cultural, recreational and tourist activities.
On the other hand, residential areas need a quieter environment and provide
foreshore activation in the form of walking, jogging, cycling, fishing and the
like.
While the current master plan constrains buildings directly interfacing with the
lake edge by requiring a minimum 20 metre wide public promenade, it may be
appropriate and still in keeping with this overall philosophy, to allow carefully
designed structures at various locations to activate the lakeside and provide
more varied lifestyle opportunities.
A suitably controlled point of access to this waterbody could provide for non-
motorised or electric motorised fishing and recreational boating.
The existing marine police facility and the proposed adjoining Boat Club
development provide controlled boating access to this part of the lake.
Taman Botani and Dataran Putra are major tourist attractions and together
with the Boat Club are potential tour boat destinations. The various landmark
public buildings, Putra Bridge, public parks and weir (which could be floodlit
at night) also provide major points of interest for tour boats.
Precincts 2, 3 and 4 provide a major formal urban design interface with the
eastern side of this arm of the main lake.
At the northern end Precinct 2 provides an Arts and Culture Quarter flanked
by a Formal State Garden and a Water Garden, and an Entertainment/Mixed
Use Quarter opening onto a major linear lakeside park, with the spectacular
Putra Bridge link to Dataran Putra in Precinct 1.
Along the western side the lake provides landscape and recreation amenity for
the residential communities of Precinct 8 and Precinct 9 north and south of a
central major commercial zone. The frontage to this zone offers opportunities
for activating this section of the lake shore.
Precinct 4 provides a formal urban design interface in this arm of the lake with
a semi-circle of commercial sites either side of the bridge and a radial park
sector connecting from Dataran Khazanah to the lakeside.
Along the south side of the lake in Precincts 6 and 5, a mix of residential and
commercial uses is proposed in association with a Convention Centre and
Sports Academy.
The southern lake body is best suited to a wide range of water based leisure
and recreational activities with opportunities for integration with
complementary land uses. The analysis of lake use and foreshore potentials
and their integration for particular water oriented activities within the southern
lake body are addressed in Sections 6.0 and 11.0 respectively.
Development proposals for the Dam provide for visitor access to the Control
Centre and access to the dam wall for spectator viewing of water activities.
To the west, this arm of the lake extends into Cyberjaya residential precincts.
This narrower more river like section of the lake passes through a relatively
contained valley of predominantly residential use (Precincts 17, 18 and 19)
with park nodes at intervals.
To the north the lake turns to the east and west and is overviewed from the
north by a series of Government Department complexes in landscape settings,
from the southwest by the steep hillside parklands of Taman Wawasan, and
from the southeast by the Deputy Prime Minister’s Residence.
To the south where the lake comes relatively close to the main Central
Boulevard, lakeside commercial retail and mixed uses are proposed. The
setting for this commercial is more riverside in scale than lakeside.
PART B
ANALYSIS
6.1 GENERAL
Putrajaya Lake has the potential to support a wide range of water oriented and
foreshore activities.
Non-Motorised Craft
Self propelled craft range from peddle powered hire leisure craft,
canoes, kayaks, and leisure rowboats, to dragon boats and
international competition rowing skiffs.
Motorised Craft
Motorised craft include powered model boats, jet skis, ski boats,
powered pleasure craft, fishing craft, racing boats and
commercial vessels.
i. Area Requirements
LAKE AREA
ACTIVITY REMARKS
REQUIREMENTS
Swimming
- Recreational Up to 50m from shore. Width Reasonable limitation of 50m from
of area dependent on planning waters edge to provide an adequate
requirements. open space yet limit distance for
general safety and supervision.
- Competition 5 hectares. Typical triathlon swimming course
would be 800m long (400m out and
back)
Shore-based Fishing Nominal area. Usually confined to the immediate
area surrounding a jetty or headland
from which fishing is permitted.
Snorkelling Similar requirements to
swimming.
Scuba Diving As above for training only. Inherent lack of visibility and
lack of underwater scenic features
within lakes inhibit interest.
Non-motorised
Self-Propelled Water Craft Limit to around 200m from Usually confined to hire boat
water edge for practical activities associated with public
supervision. Width limited by beach areas.
planning requirements.
Small Yachts and Sail Boards Circular area of 1.5 km Course areas of much smaller
diameter preferred for diameter would be satisfactory for
international Olympic mono- normal club small leisure craft
hull classes. sailing races and sailing tuition,
particularly considering the
region’s characteristically light
winds.
LAKE AREA
ACTIVITY REMARKS
REQUIREMENTS
Motorised
Powered Model Boats 100m x 100m adjacent to shore. Practical maximum for visual
control of craft.
Ski Boats 25m x 200m slalom ski course, Logically these courses would be
50m x 250m ski jump course. located side by side with some
overlap if required to reduce
combined overall width.
Jet Skis Events course 400m x 800m. Noise associated with jet
ski activities requires due
consideration if such craft are to
be permitted within lake areas.
Junior Sports Racing Boats Courses are oblong or triangular in Dependent on available area.
shape to suit the venue with lap
distances of 1.5 to 2.5km.
Raft Racing Typically up to 2km long and up Would probably use the same
to 100m width. course designated for rowing.
Aside from required access to the lake and area parameters that
may restrict the location of various activities, Table 6.2 sets out
other specific constraints that further define locality suitability.
Non-motorised
Self-Propelled Water Craft Launching, retrieving, and possibly land storage area
Motorised
Jet Skiing Designated area where high speed and significant noise is
acceptable
Amenities
Launching ramp
Trailer parking for private owners
Possible lake edge storage for hire craft
COMPLEMENTARY
ACTIVITY CONFLICTING ACTIVITIES
ACTIVITIES
Non Motorised
Small Yachts and Fishing and passive leisure craft Swimming, snorkelling, scuba
Sail Boards activities. diving, other competition and
training activities, water skiing.
Fishing Shore-based fishing and fishing from Non-passive leisure craft activities,
motorised vessels, non-competition swimming, snorkelling, and scuba
sailing and passive leisure craft diving.
activities.
COMPLEMENTARY
ACTIVITY CONFLICTING ACTIVITIES
ACTIVITIES
Motorised
Water Skiing Non-course pleasure skiing may be (Restrict all other activities during
tolerated with other non-competition competition and training in course
leisure boating activities other than area.)
sailing.
Parasailing and Jet skiing, motorised leisure craft Competition activities, swimming,
Towed Rides activities. snorkelling, scuba diving.
For any well planned waterfront, priority attention should be given to the
interrelationship of land and water activities, with the objective of enhancing
public enjoyment and adding value to real estate.
Table 6.4 addresses opportunities and constraints with respect to land and
water activity inter-relationships.
Swimming, Snorkelling and Scuba Creation of near shore water related activity enhances water-land
Diving interrelationship and emphasises leisure lifestyle attributes.
Shoreside Fishing and Fishing from Preference towards passive activity areas.
Boats Activates lake and foreshore public assets and promotes healthy
leisure time relaxation pursuits.
Skiing, Jet Skiing, Power Boat Can generate comparatively high noise levels and should therefore
Racing, Model Power Boats be located away from noise sensitive areas. Commercial skiing
operations and jet ski hire can assist in promoting a vibrant
recreational waterfront activity area.
Parasailing and Towed Rides Commercial operations usually associated with a resort oriented
waterfront precinct and can assist in promoting a vibrant
waterfront activity area. Parasailing can also be operated in an
urban waterfront environment where participants wear normal
clothing and do not get wet.
Powered Leisure Boating Powered leisure boating that does not involve specific activities
such as fishing or skiing, tends to be sight seeing and destination
orientated. Relevant destinations include beach and picnic areas
and possibly waterfront commercial areas where vessels can tie up
and dine out.
Sightseeing, Floating Restaurants Aside from the waterfront scenic attractions and places of interest
requirements, such activities require a terminal area that can
generate a reasonable tourism orientated passenger throughput.
Canoeing, Kayaking, Rowing and Recreation activities tend to be associated with passive
Dragon Boat Racing recreational areas and enhance the activity within such areas.
Small Yacht Sailing and Model Usually associated with club facilities with possible tuition
Yacht Sailing opportunities. Small yacht hire usually associated with “off the
beach” hire operations in more popular waterfront recreational
areas.
A - Desirable (within normal operating Sight seeing/Guided tours (approved commercial operators)
controls) Dinner cruises
Sightseeing, Guided By approved operators only who are required to maintain high
Tours and Dinner standards of vessel safety and amenity and that are designed and
Cruises operated in accordance with predetermined performance criteria.
Water Transport By approved operators only who are required to maintain high
standards of vessel safety and amenity in accordance with
predetermined performance criteria.
Canoeing, Kayaking, Sport activities and training undertaken within organised clubs and
Rowing and associations in designated areas. Recreational canoeing, kayaking
Dragon Boats provided by approved operators in designated areas with high safety
standard requirements. All competition events subject to prior
application and permit.
Sailing Preferably within an organised club situation that can control safety
standards, provide on the water tuition and safety patrolling in
designated areas. Model yachts also affiliated to same club facilities.
All competition events subject to prior application and permit.
Powered Model Boats Within organised club within designated area only. Noise emission
limits may be necessary.
Powered Hire boats only, speed limited for self drive. Restrict areas of use
Leisure Boats to minimise conflicts with other activities and to maintain security
and safety. Vessels to comply with predetermined design and
performance criteria.
Powerboat Racing Due to high noise and safety conflicts with other activities, restrict to
and Jet Skiing (infrequent) special events only.
Note: In general, the use of privately owned vessels will not be permitted within Putrajaya
Lake.
Sightseeing, Guided Ticketing and terminal areas; carparking and setdown areas. Location and facilities
Tours, Dinner Cruises within lake system to slip and undertake periodic maintenance, refuelling and
sewage pump out.
Fishing Licence, gear hire and bait sales centre facilities with convenient carparking. Boat
hire area with electric motor recharging, storage, launching and cleaning area.
Convenient structures (headlands, jetties) for shore-based fishing with convenient
carparking, public toilet amenities, and cleaning area.
Swimming Swimming enclosure with soft (beach) edges, gentle (sandy) bottom slopes,
comparatively shallow water, clean water, safety patrols, associated picnic/park
areas with amenities and convenient carparking.
Snorkelling and Scuba Permit; clean water with good visibility, underwater scenic features and aquatic life.
Diving Possible ozone chlorination system to maintain aquatic life and water quality.
Amenities.
Water Transport Appropriately located terminals with associated carparking and setdown/pick-up
areas depending on terminal function. Location within lake system to slip and
undertake periodic maintenance. Convenient access to refuelling and sewage pump
out facilities.
Canoeing, Kayaking, Sport and training orientated activities require club facilities with boat storage and
Rowing, Dragon Boats launching, an accurately buoyed course for competition with pontoon and land
based start, finish and timing facilities. Recreational canoeing and kayaking
requires hire area and possible boat storage area.
Sailing Club facilities including boat storage, rigging and launching area. Model sailing to
preferably include a small shaded foreshore area within or near to amenities.
Skiing Ticketing/terminal area with associated boat berthing amenities, possible club
facilities with boat storage and launching. Competition and training requires
accurately buoyed slalom course, jump course and jump structure in designated ski
area.
Parasailing and Towed Ticketing/terminal area with associated boat berthing and amenities. Convenient
Rides access to controlled refuelling facilities.
Powerboat Tuition Sufficient floor area (preferably within a boat club) to conduct maritime classes.
Boat berthing for vessels used for on-the-water boat handling lessons and testing.
Powered Model Boats Designated (buoyed) course area and associated foreshore area (preferably shaded).
Powered Leisure Boats Launching facilities, storage facilities, controlled refuelling facilities if petrol
powered, recharging if electric.
Power Boat Racing Policed, designated course area. Launching and servicing area on race day.
Comparisons with other inland waterways indicate that Putrajaya Lake will be
able to sustain a level of activity commensurate with likely demands for usage
of the water body.
In the planning of facilities for the primary lake under Sections 11.0 and 12.0,
an indicative provision has been made for the future berthing of approximately
170 vessels within a floating marina and dry stack storage, which equates to a
navigable space of approximately 2 ha per boat (excluding the area of Lake
Use Management Zone 3). This space allocation compares with approximate
water area requirements ranging from 0.2 ha/vessel to 0.6 ha/vessel as set out
in the Putrajaya Volume 3 User Guidelines. December 1999, Table 3.6.1
derived from Donald Adie, MARINAS - A Working Guide to their
Development and Design, 1984.
In any event, the growth of boating on Putrajaya Lake is likely to be slow and
related also to progressive growth in the city’s population. As it is also
proposed that the introduction of boats to Putrajaya Lake be strictly regulated
by Perbadanan Putrajaya, there will be ample opportunity to monitor and
control the level of boating activity.
7.1 GENERAL
The scale of Putrajaya Lake and the Putrajaya Master Plan provide potential
for the establishment of a commercially viable water transport commuter and
tourism service.
Preliminary planned details of the public transport system for the city centre
and adjoining immediate lake foreshore area are shown in the following
Figure 7.1
The Putrajaya ridership goal of 70% public transport usage to the core area is
supported by the establishment of park and ride facilities at the periphery of
Putrajaya linked to the monorail services. Public transport provides a service
from all residential precincts to popular key destinations.
Drawing 7.1 shows the area coverage of proposed bus routes and rail transit
stations. The diagram is based on a 300 metre walking distance from monorail
stations and a similar average distance from bus stops, assuming the bus stops
are frequently spaced.
The analysis does highlight fringe areas on the lakefront that are serviced by
public transport to a lesser extent, being most distant from proposed bus
routes. These areas represent potential markets to attract commuters to ferry
transport.
Figure 7.2 - Water Transport: Mode Share For Example Waterfront Cities
ii. Putrajaya Review of Master Plan Transport Study - April 1997 prepared
by the MVA Consulting Sdn Bhd
Figure 7.3 shows the Traffic Analysis Zones considered in the Master
Plan Transport Study.
The study provided production and attraction estimates for each zone for the daily and
peak hour travel volumes. The daily trip ends production and attraction for each zone
are illustrated in the following Figure 7.4.
Figure 7.5 shows the peak hour trip ends production and attraction.
Differences between the peak hour and daily trip ends relate to the
higher concentration of home based work trips during the peak hour
compared to daily trips.
ii. Figures 7.4 and 7.5 do not highlight specific areas where an
obvious demand for a line-haul type ferry service would be
required. A line haul service would be indicated by a singularly
high travel production on one side of the lake adjacent to a
corresponding high demand for employment on the opposite side.
16
14
12
Employed Persons using City Cat
10
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Persons Employed % using City Cat
Linear (% using City Cat)
Several demographic and land use differences have been taken into
account between Putrajaya and the above derived data, in predicting
passenger trip generation volumes for potential water transport in
Putrajaya.
A gravity model has been adopted for the trip distribution, which is the
most widely used trip distribution model, using the productions and
attractions calculated for each terminal. The model explicitly relates
flows between zones to inter-zonal impedance to travel. The
assumption behind the gravity model is that the number of trips
produced by zone i and attracted to zone j is proportional to:
Travel time, including boarding and alighting have been used as the
measure of impedance in this model. The average travel speed
between terminals and the time required at stops for manoeuvring,
passenger boarding and alighting have been incorporated.
The production and attraction models, derived from the planned land
use, identified higher ferry terminal activity within the Central reach of
the lake west of the core island. Terminals T5, T6, T7, T8, and T9
achieved the highest results apart from Terminal 11, which is linked to
the public transport network. Similarly, the routes between Terminals
T5, T6, T7, T8 and T9 captured the highest ridership.
Table 7.2 reflects the increased number of passengers using the service
where trip productions and attractions at the terminals are highest. The
ridership potential in these areas is higher due to the increased travel
demand between residential and employment centres and lower travel
time offered.
Unlike bus or rail travel however, passenger ridership numbers are less
sensitive to travel time (within reasonable tolerances), as passengers
experience the more relaxed benefits of ferry travel.
The Brisbane CityCat route, with 13 terminals has a round trip distance of
26km requiring four operating vessels to provide a 30 minutes interval
between (same direction) ferries. Six vessels are utilised during peak periods
to provide 20 minute scheduling.
PART C
A zoning for the Putrajaya Lake System is contained within the Formulation of
Regulations and Guidelines for the Control of Activities and Use of the Lake
and Other Water Bodies in Putrajaya – Volume 4 – Planning and
Environmental Guidelines, February 2000.
The present zoning system has been useful, particularly in guiding the planning
of appropriate water edge land uses. However, the present zoning system is less
applicable to the planning of management functions within the lake and the
formulation of integrated lake use strategies.
Key features of this proposed Lake Use Management Zoning Plan are as
follows:
Zone 1:
All wetland areas of similar character, function and management
requirements are incorporated within a single management zone. This
zone contains sensitive ecological areas which are important to the well
being of the downstream main lake, and accordingly public access to
these water areas should be severely restricted.
Zone 2:
The new Lake Use Management Zoning Plan proposal differentiates
between the highly vegetated cells of the upper wetlands and the
substantial wetland water body situated immediately upstream of the
weir which separates the wetlands from the primary lake. It is proposed
that this body of water with lush wetland vegetation within its western
arm, the Wetland Parklands to its north, a number of central islands, and
Tama Botani to the south, be established as a tranquil recreation zone
and environmental reserve in which there is controlled public access to
some areas of foreshore for non-motorised and electric motorised
boating, fishing, canoeing, and other non-intrusive activities.
Zone 3:
The area of the main dam north of Bridge 10 interfaces with the Prime
Minister’s Residence.
The bridge, the Marine Police facility immediately south of the bridge
and the adjoining Boat Club clearly demarcate this section of water from
the rest of the main lake to the south. Because of security and privacy
sensitivities associated with land use around this section of the lake, a
Permit Controlled Access Zone is proposed in which boating access
would be by permit, including authorised tour boats, dining and special
function cruises, and water sports activities on extended courses
organised by the Boat Club. The Zone would not be accessible to
general boating traffic or public water taxis.
Zone 4:
The area of the primary lake extending south from Zone 3 and around all
but the lower portion of the core island is proposed as a General
Navigation Zone, being generally unrestricted for private and
commercial boating with the exception of special advertised sporting,
public display and festivity events. Fishing would be permissible
outside of restricted transport navigation corridors and terminals.
The present Lake Zoning Plan places restrictions on navigation access to
the waterways which front the Deputy Prime Minister’s Residence for
security and privacy reasons. Because of the totally enclosed nature of
Putrajaya Lake, the ease of accessibility by land to this area, and the
disposition of the waterway relative to the more elevated Deputy Prime
Minister’s Residence, public navigation within this section of the lake is
not considered to diminish to any significant extent security or privacy
for the Deputy Prime Minister’s Residence. This issue has been
addressed with relevant agencies responsible for security within
Putrajaya, resulting in agreement that general navigation within this area
of the lake can be permitted.
Zone 5:
The southern portion of the primary lake extending west from the dam
wall to Bridge 8 offers the widest areas of water suitable for motorised
and non-motorised water sports and activities, together with general
private and commercial boating, subject to appropriate segregation of
potentially conflicting activities.
Zone 6:
An arm of the main lake at its south-western edge extends north parallel
to the boundary of Cyberjaya.
It is proposed that this zone be set aside for passive recreation and
general navigation with restricted fish habitat areas within wetland
environments at the upper reaches where stormwater will generally enter
the lake. This proposal provides a desirable fish breeding habitat within
the main lake body and sets aside an area beyond the limits of the Active
Recreation Zone well suited to boat fishing outside of restricted fish
habitat sectors which may be designated within this zone.
A comparison of present Lake Zoning and the proposal outlined in Section 9.2
for modified Lake Use Management Zoning together with an outline of
principal management issues relevant to each zone are given in the following
Table 8.1.
Table 8.1: Comparison of Present and Proposed Lake Use Management Zones and Related Management Issues
2 The 30 ha water body in A situated This substantial water body is 1. Incoming stormwater quality.
immediately upstream of the weir proposed as a separate zone because 2. Wetland and waterbody maintenance:
separating the Central Wetlands from of its capacity for use for controlled weed control
the primary lake boating and fishing activities insect control
Precincts 1, 10, 12 and 13 water quality monitoring
water recirculation pumping station
3. Fisheries.
4. Landscape and edge condition of foreshores and
islands.
5. Controlled access for limited tranquil boating,
fishing and recreation.
6. Recreational facilities.
7. Public safety and security.
8. Emergency response.
9. Community consultation and involvement.
10. Education and research.
FINAL REPORT
AUGUST 2001
C-5 PART C
PUTRAJAYA LAKE USE MASTER PLAN
FINAL REPORT
AUGUST 2001
C-6 PART C
PUTRAJAYA LAKE USE MASTER PLAN
6 The portion of Zone C Main Lake This zone is set aside for more 1. Incoming stormwater quality
which extends north west with passive recreation and general 2. Wetland and waterbody maintenance:
Cyberjaya navigation with restricted fish habitat weed control
Precinct 7 areas in its upper reaches. insect control
water quality monitoring
3. Fisheries.
4. Landscape and edge condition of foreshores.
5. Integrated private and public boating lake uses.
6. Public safety and security.
7. Emergency response.
8. Community consultation and involvement.
F Water Detention Ponds for flood This area has been excluded from
control proposed Lake Management Zoning
Precinct 14 because of its remote location,
separate drainage catchment and
different functions relative to the
Putrajaya Lake system.
FINAL REPORT
AUGUST 2001
C-7
PART C
PUTRAJAYA LAKE USE MASTER PLAN
Drawings 9.1 and 9.2 illustrate options for the location of non-motorised and motorised
active recreational activities as set out in Section 6.2.2 which require the most
significant allocations of space.
A proposed Active Recreational Water Use Plan is shown on Drawing 9.3. This plan
designates areas for particular activities in a manner which generally separates
conflicting non-motorised and motorised water uses, which allocates adequate space for
world standard competition events, and which adequately provides exciting spectator
opportunities.
A boat club within Precinct 5 at the southern end of the main lake providing both public
and private club facilities together with a public aquatic centre, is the focus for all
active recreational water uses.
Generally, the proposed Active Recreational Water Use Plan envisages that powerboat
activities will operate east of the club facility while non-motorised activities will be
located to the west and north, including a designated sailing course; a rowing, canoeing
and dragon boat racing course and training areas; and off-beach boat hire facilities close
to the public aquatic centre.
A water ski course including a fixed slalom and ski jump is proposed within the lake
adjacent to the main dam. The dam crest, to which there is provision for convenient
public access would provide an excellent spectator viewing platform and is consistent
with current planning for public use of the dam and its surrounds.
In most cases, designated lake activity areas are not intended to be exclusive and are
commonly shared by generally compatible activities, even during the course of some
competitive events.
From experience elsewhere however, general boating rules are not always sufficient to
avoid conflicts, and in some cases, particularly those involving special events, it may be
necessary to buoy off designated areas and exclude potentially conflicting activities or
traffic from the area. For example, during some special events, usage of course areas
should be restricted to craft participating in the events.
The general potentials of a range of watercraft for use on Putrajaya Lake are
identified and analysed within Section 6.0. As outlined in Section 6.2.1,
watercraft are generally divided into non-motorised craft and motorised craft.
For the purpose of the Putrajaya Lake Use and Navigation Master Plans,
watercraft are categorised as follows:
i. Non-Motorised Craft
Mono-hull and catamaran sail boats (under 5m length) Club use or personal hire
Club use
Sport rowing skiffs
Sporting events
Club use
Dragon boats
Sporting events
Marine police/Emergency response boats High speed operating under strict discipline
With reference to the proposed Lake Use Management Zoning Plan shown on
Drawing 8.2, and to the Section 6.0 analysis of lake use potentials, Table 10.3
summarises proposed permissible water craft activities within each Lake Use
Management Zone.
LAKE USE
PERMISSIBLE PERMISSIBLE WATER
MANAGEMENT
WATER CRAFT ACTIVITIES
ZONE
Zone 1 No recreational vessels permitted. No public access or recreational
activities permitted.
Zone 3 Canoes, kayaks, rowing skiffs, and Aquatic sporting events with prior
dragon boats for sporting events. permit.
Tour boats and Cruise boats. Tour and Cruise boat commercial
Vessels to comply with operations by permit.
predetermined design and
Foreshore fishing within designated
performance criteria.
areas.
Water police and Emergency
response boats.
Lake maintenance vessels.
Zone 4 Canoes, kayaks, rowing skiffs, Sports rowing and paddling training
dragon boats for club activities and and events (permissible with a club
events. permit but better suited to Zone 5 for
other than competitions).
Small powered boats complying Small powered hire boating.
with predetermined design and
performance criteria.
Powered leisure boats complying Powered leisure boating by hire -
with predetermined design and self driven (by licence) or
performance criteria. professionally skippered.
Ferries and Tour boats complying Ferry and Tour boat commercial
with predetermined vessel design operations.
and performance criteria.
Cruise boats complying with Cruise boat commercial operations
predetermined vessel design and within the western arm.
performance criteria.
Junior sports racing boats Fishing from boats outside of
(permissible only for special events). restricted transport navigation
corridors and terminals.
LAKE USE
PERMISSIBLE PERMISSIBLE WATER
MANAGEMENT
WATER CRAFT ACTIVITIES
ZONE
Jet skis (permissible only for special Foreshore fishing within designated
events). areas.
Marine police and Emergency Special advertised sporting, public
response boats. display and festivity events by
permit.
Lake maintenance vessels.
Zone 5 Model yachts/model power boats. Model sailing and power boating
within designated areas.
Pedal powered leisure craft. Pedal powered leisure craft hire
within designated areas.
Small yachts and sail boards. Sailing within designated areas.
Canoes, kayaks, row boats. Leisure canoeing, kayaking and row
boating hire.
Rowing skiffs, dragon boats. Sports rowing and paddling training
and competition events.
Small powered boats complying Small powered hire boating.
with predetermined design and
performance criteria.
Powered leisure boats complying Powered leisure boating by hire -
with predetermined design and self driven (by licence) or
performance criteria. professionally skippered.
Powered parasailing and towed ride Parasailing and towed ride
boats. commercial operations within
designated areas.
Powered ski boats. Water skiing by commercial
operations within designated areas.
Ferries and Tour boats complying Ferry and Tour boat commercial
with predetermined vessel design operations.
and performance criteria.
Cruise boats complying with Cruise boat commercial operations.
predetermined vessel design and Special jet ski or boat racing events
performance criteria. by permit.
Junior sports racing boats (only for Permanent water display features
special events). within designated area.
Jet skis (only for special events). Special advertised sport, public
display and festivity events by
permit.
Marine police and Emergency Marina berthing.
response boats.
Lake maintenance vessels. Fishing from boats.
Foreshore fishing within designated
areas.
Special fishing competitions by
permit.
LAKE USE
PERMISSIBLE PERMISSIBLE WATER
MANAGEMENT
WATER CRAFT ACTIVITIES
ZONE
Zone 6 Canoes, kayaks, row boats. No public access or recreational
activities permissible within
designated fish habitat sectors.
Leisure canoeing, kayaking and row
boating.
Sports rowing and paddling training.
Small powered boats complying Small powered hire boating.
with predetermined design and
performance criteria.
Powered leisure boats complying Powered leisure boating by hire -
with predetermined design and self driven (by licence) or
performance criteria. professionally skippered.
Marine police and Emergency Fishing from boats.
response boats.
Foreshore fishing within designated
Lake maintenance vessels. areas.
Special fishing competitions by
permit.
11.1 INTRODUCTION
The review of lakeside land use in Section 5.0 identified a number of locations
where commercial, recreational and mixed-use developments have been
proposed in close association with the lakeshore.
This Section 11.0 further analyses these opportunities in relation to lake use,
foreshore character and lifestyle opportunities involving interfacing of the lake
with various commercial centres, and also in the formulation of specific
development concepts which integrate lake and foreshore activities.
While the provision of a mandatory 20m setback from the water edge
for all building development is valuable in ensuring continuous
promenade access for the public, there is a risk that in some situations
this setback may serve to isolate public activities from full appreciation
and enjoyment of the lake foreshore. At worst, the promenade could
become a sterile strip separating the water edge from commercial,
retail and dining activities.
Drawing 11.2 shows various locations where commercial and mixed-use land
use is proposed in close association with the lakeshore and summarises the
waterfront character interface opportunities of each. A range of different
interface characters is proposed to create a variety of identity areas and offer
varied lifestyle opportunities.
Commercial Area 1
The existing planning for this prestigious Arts and Culture Quarter proposes
an elegant formal lakeside promenade which is appropriate to the character of
the Quarter and its relationship with the formal Putra Bridge and the Putra
Mosque. The adjacent major water garden will further enhance this setting
and extend the range of visitor/tourist activities associated with the lake.
Commercial Area 2
Commercial Area 3
Commercial Area 4
This major commercial area in Precinct 7 has the potential to activate the
lakeshore in a way that contrasts with the more formal parkland and
promenade frontage of the core island opposite.
The promenade hard area should permit outdoor dining and kiosks and be
accented with boardwalks and hard edge nodes. One storey structures for
restaurants, dining and ferry terminals may be permitted on leases with strict
controls.
The potential effect is for building frontages and promenade activity to create
vibrant night time water reflections.
Commercial Area 5
This mixed use area in Precinct 4 occupies a unique location between two
bridges and may offer the opportunity to activate the lakeshore promenade
with sheltered dining areas directly on the water edge while still permitting
through pedestrian access.
Commercial Area 6
This formal semicircle of commercial sites on either side of the bridge is
complemented by a formal promenade with projecting quay parks. Buildings
should encourage pedestrian entrances and public orientated activities at
ground level to activate the promenade which could contain a series of shade
structures and kiosks to give accent and rhythm to the foreshore.
Commercial Area 7
Planning for this area proposes commercial, shopping complex and mixeduse
development fronting a continuation of the promenade from Commercial Area
5 around to the east, where the lake becomes more riverine in scale.
This frontage could vary from others by being more riverside in character with
boardwalks and a series of light playful structures for restaurants, outdoor
eating and arts and craft tourist activity directly onto the water edge in selected
locations.
Commercial Area 8
This extensive area along the lakeshore in Precincts 5 and 6, which is under
planning review, offers a major opportunity to create an active water and
boating recreation node in association with major commercial, retail and hotel
development, which is further described in the following Section 9.5.
The planning and design of any floating restaurant should be closely integrated
with adjacent landside development to ensure that architecture, foreshore
activities and access are complementary. In particular, consideration must be
given to service vehicle access.
Locations most suitable for the incorporation of a floating restaurant are likely
to be Commercial Areas 5, 6 and 4 as identified in Section 11.3.
This formative concept, which would require further technical and financial
feasibility assessment, is illustrated in Drawing 11.3.
Precinct 5 has evolved as Putrajaya’s core boating and water recreation node
and a focus for water oriented staged events, attractions and festivities.
iv. Public aquatic recreational and sporting facilities integrated with public
club amenities.
vi. Public and private boat club facilities. The public club and basement
level leisure craft storage are envisaged to be oriented towards the
western cove with its public recreational activities and public marina
accommodating generally smaller powered boats. The private club with
extensive second storey floor space would be oriented towards the
festival amphitheatre and private marina accommodating generally
larger and more prestigious vessels. Indicative features of the proposed
Boat Club facility are illustrated in Figure11.2.
xi. Multiple use of the festival amphitheatre and water display area as a
water stadium for the staging of public aquatic displays such as water
skiing displays, etc.
xiv. A resort style hotel and associated facilities nominally 350 - 400 rooms.
Drawing 11.5 includes an illustration of the indicative bulk and form of
such a hotel.
ix. Utilisation of water screens, lasers and special effects can also be
combined to tell various stories. Story lines may be serious, e.g. a
Vision 2020 show or the history of Malaysia, or humorous attracting a
younger audience and promoting a family environment. Three water
screens are envisaged to maximise viewing angles. As water screens are
best-viewed perpendicular to the audience, the two outer screens would
be offset at approximately 15 degrees to the centre one. Water screens
would consist of an array of different jets and sprays whose activation
would be way of a computer controller, which in turn would be
synchronised to a soundtrack. Behind each water screen float would be
a barge in which there would be an array of equipment including lasers,
35mm film projectors, special effects lighting, etc, also synchronised to
a master control system to create a cohesive show.
Drawing 11.6 illustrates the sand beach and public swimming enclosure
indicated on Drawing 11.5 at Precinct 6, within a cove immediately west of
the proposed Boat Club.
The offshore pontoon landing could be provided with an attractive shelter for
the comfort of adults supervising swimming children, and serves as a safe
swimming destination.
The sand beach adjacent to the swimming enclosure would facilitate beach
hire of leisure watercraft and could be designed to accommodate other beach
recreational activities such as beach volleyball.
To remain an attractive public asset, artificial sand beaches within the lake
environment will require a high level of on-going maintenance.
Such attractions could be lit at night by way of intelligent lighting systems and
audio tracks could be developed for each individual display. These displays
could be connected to tour boats by way of radio control. Tour boats could
activate the displays and an audio track synchronised with the lighting could
be heard from the boat’s own audio system. All displays around the lake
could be inter-connected to a central control system so that on VIP occasions
the entire lake precinct could be controlled from a central location.
11.9 ROWING
With this aim in mind, the proposed aquatic centre focused around a public
club facility within Precinct 5, together with the cove to its immediate west,
have been planned with particular emphasis on the staging of rowing events.
Infrastructure support for promotion and training in the sport of rowing as well
as similar canoeing, kayaking and dragon boat sports would also be available
at the existing Boat Club within Precinct 10 and a less formal school and club
“boat shed” facility which could be located at the north-eastern foreshore of
Lake Use Management Zone 6 (Passive Recreation & General Navigation
Zone) within Precinct 7, adjacent to the main arterial road connection between
Putrajaya and Cyberjaya. This facility could incorporate a pebble launching
beach and landscaped informal open space.
The close proximity of the Precinct 7 park to the rowing course will facilitate
excellent spectator viewing close to the competition Start line, which should
be given due consideration in the planning of this parkland area.
The Monorail Bridge could provide an excellent vantage point for high-level
television coverage of the starting line, while Bridge 8 could similarly
facilitate high level telecasting of the progress of competition races.
The form of the Aquatic Centre cove and associated facilities have been
formulated with a view to the logistical requirements of competition rowing
and provision for spectacular finish line viewing. The Finish Tower would be
an architectural landmark of three storeys, incorporating:
Spectator drop-off, bus parking and monorail public transport facilities are all
conveniently available.
Moveable starting line and timing hut pontoons together with lane marking
buoys, etc can be stored within the Lake Maintenance and Services Centre.
More detailed planning and design for rowing and other events should be
undertaken in accordance with the FISA international governing body
regulations, to ensure that a course of international standard is not
inadvertently compromised in the finalisation of precinct and lake edge
infrastructure.
In addition to proposed access for fishing hire boats within proposed Lake Use
Management Zones 2, 4, 5 and 6 as designated on Drawing 8.2, foreshore
access is also be available to these zones by way of foreshore parks and the
public promenade for fishing activities.
ii. Jetties or other structures extending from the shoreline to deeper water.
Drawing 11.14 shows 16 designated park foreshore public fishing areas and 3
areas suitable for foreshore fishing competitions, together with indicative
locations for artificial fish shelter structures and a suggested detail of a typical
shelter.
The following areas have been identified as being suitable for significant
fishing competitions which may attract many hundreds of anglers, depending
largely upon the value of prizes offered:
ii. The landscaped water edge within Precinct 1 extending both sides of
Bridge 1 and looking across the lake to Taman Wawasan and the Deputy
Prime Minister’s Residence. With appropriate organisation, it might be
possible to arrange for the use of adjacent Government Department
carparking facilities by participants and spectators, for competitions held
on non-working days. It is envisaged that this site could potentially
accommodate approximately 450 competition anglers. Consideration
could be given to the provision of additional permanent public amenities
along the foreshore promenade east and west of Bridge 1, which could be
further supplemented by temporary portable amenities to cater for major
competition events.
iii. The north eastern foreshore of the proposed Lake Use Management Zone
6 (Passive Recreation and General Navigation Zone) within Precinct 7,
adjacent to the main arterial road connection between Putrajaya and
Cyberjaya north of Bridge 8. Depending upon the ultimate delineation of
open water and wetlands towards the northern end of this section of the
lake, it is envisaged that this area could comfortably accommodate 250
competition anglers. This area currently contains an Indian temple and is
also suggested as the site for an informal rowing boatshed facility for use
by rowing and other aquatic sports clubs and/or by schools.
Consideration needs to be given in the planning of adjacent main roads
and/or the adjacent Precinct 7 residential area, to the availability of road
access and car parking space. Consideration should also be given to a
reduction in the width of the submerged earthworks bench along the
foreshore of this location.
Competition Anglers
Approx.
Power Points
Facilities
Wash-room/Toilet
Facilities
Fish Cleaning
Cooking Grill
Picnic /BBQ Area/
Kiosks
/Benches
Shaded Seating Area
Drinking Fountains
Precinct Waterfront Landuse
Competition Precinct 12/ Central Wetlands Recreational 250 310 Require suitable area and utility service
Fishing Taman Wetlands Centre connections for supplementary temporary
Precinct 1 Foreshore at Bridge 1 450 500 portable toilet facilities, pavilions, kiosks etc.
Putrajaya Lake will be a stage for many water oriented sporting, cultural,
entertainment and festivity events, requiring integration with foreshore
facilities for marshalling, event organisation, water craft launching, spectator
viewing and amenities, parking, public transport, and the media.
Water Quality Management These functions principally depend upon a centre with
laboratory and other monitoring facilities, with reasonably
Low Flow Management convenient accessibility to various lakeside centres for
Ecological Management monitoring and sampling of sites throughout the lake system.
Fisheries Management Could be integrated with Taman Wetlands Management
Centre.
Technical Education & Research
Management
Aquatic Plant Management Lake Maintenance and Services Centre with direct lake
frontage and facilities for boat fuelling and sewerage pump-
Management of Lake Edges & Infrastructure
out; berthing of special purpose aquatic plant harvesting and
(beaches, lake structures, etc) maintenance vessels; harvested weed transfer facilities; vessel
Vessel Servicing & Maintenance haul-out and maintenance facilities; equipment storage and
maintenance, etc.
Recreation Management (including informal Aquatic Recreation Centre on the primary lake at the heart of
lake recreation activities, commercial water recreation and boating activities, including marina
recreation activities, club and other organised facilities; storage and public hire of water sport equipment;
water sports, water sports events) boat club facilities. Primary management centre could be
integrated within Boat Club complex.
Leisure Boating Management
Secondary recreation centre on the Central Wetlands water
body, including hire craft and equipment storage facilities.
Water Based Displays & Entertainment These activities are dependent upon a control room situated
with a commanding view of the Festival Amphitheatre and
water display area, for the control of technical aspects of
performances.
Could be integrated within the Boat Club complex or within a
separate Festival Amphitheatre management centre within the
adjacent commercial development.
Water Transport Management Central Administration and Management Centre situated close
(including ferries, tour boats and to the epicentre of all lake activities.
cruise boats)
Secondary Special Events and Lakeside Spectator Management
Special Lake Events Management Centre within Precinct 4 foreshore parklands.
Fishing Management (Licencing,
etc)
Public Relations/Community
Information/Community Education
Commercial Leasing
General Administration
Emergency Response Existing Water Police facility with particular focus on security
of property and criminal activities.
Water Safety
Central Emergency Response Centre situated on the primary
lake near the epicentre of lake activities, with berthing for
Water Security
emergency response facilities, communications centre and
support facilities.
Central Wetlands Recreation Centre could provide surveillance
and emergency response for Central Wetlands water body,
including communications centre and emergency response
vessel berthing.
Foreshore Landscape Management Integrated with facilities for landscape maintenance of all
Putrajaya public open spaces.
LAKE USE
MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT INFRASTRUCTURE SITE LAND
CENTRES FUNCTIONS COMPONENTS AREA TAKE
1. Central Water Transport Management Central Administration and Approx. 1.2 ha 1.1 ha
Administration (including ferries, tour boats and Emergency Response Building (3.1 acres) (2.7
and Emergency cruise boats) Complex acres)
Response Centre
(Precinct 7) Special Lake Events Communications Centre
Management
Emergency response boat
Fishing Management (Licencing, berthing for up to 4 boats
etc)
Casual berthing terminal
Public Relations/Community
Information/Community Above ground and underground
Education car parking
Commercial Leasing
General Administration
Emergency Response
Water Safety
Water Security
LAKE USE
MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT INFRASTRUCTURE SITE LAND
CENTRES FUNCTIONS COMPONENTS AREA TAKE
3. Lake Aquatic Plant Management Vessel haul-out and maintenance Approx. 1.9 ha Nil
Maintenance and facility (4.7 acres)
Management of Lake Edges &
Services Centre
(Precinct 19) Infrastructure (beaches, lake Boat ramp for the launching of
structures, etc) boats
Vessel Servicing & Maintenance Maintenance pontoon to facilitate
on water maintenance activities
Berthing for special purpose lake
maintenance vessels
Two storey dry boat storage
buildings - storage capacity
approximately 40 small boats up
to 5m in length, and forklift boat
launching
Refuelling and sewerage pump-
out pontoon - spill containment
booms, pollution clean-up and
fire-fighting equipment
Underground fuel storage tanks
Car and trailer parking
4. Dam Control Public Information Dam Management & Visitors Approx. 0.65 Nil
Centre Centre at the main dam with ha (1.6 acres)
(Precinct 5) Lake Tourism access to lake edge already
Public Education designated
Casual berthing within land
Public Liaison (comments, Car parking controlled by
complaints, etc) Perbadanan
Anchored floating boom and Putrajaya
Public Services (e.g. fishing buoys to prevent navigation in the
licences) vicinity of the spillway
Flood Management
Dam Management
LAKE USE
MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT INFRASTRUCTURE SITE LAND
CENTRES FUNCTIONS COMPONENTS AREA TAKE
6. Central Wetlands Recreation Management Central Wetlands Recreational Nominally 0.4 Nil
Recreational & and Lake Management Centre ha (1.0 acre)
Lake Use Emergency Response with pedestrian access from within existing
Management Water Safety Precinct 12. Open Space
Centre
Water Security Management and leisure craft
(Precinct 12)
storage building
Kiosk
Pier
Small boat marina - nominally 9
berths
Pebble beach
Fishing headland
Public Car Parking
7. Special Events & Special lake events staging area Management building Approx. 0.25 Nil
Lakeside incorporating ha (0.8 acres)
Special events equipment storage within existing
Spectator communications/media sub-
Management Lakeside spectator management centre/ rowing course central Open Space
Centre timing hut/equipment storage
(Precinct 4)
Kiosk
Public amenities
Car parking with park spillover
Casual berthing
Special purpose boat ramp
A Plot Brief for the Central Administration and Emergency Response Centre
site is contained in Drawing 12.3.
ii. in an area that will not generate conflict between the movement of
motorised vessels and the activities of non-motorised craft.
By virtue of its integral land and water working relationships, the Lake
Maintenance and Services Centre must of necessity alienate direct public
access to the lake foreshore, requiring the public promenade to be diverted
around the facility.
The selected site is within Precinct 19 across the lake from the Core Island
Precinct 4 to the west and from the dam to the south.
ii. A “key hole” harbour cut into the land further camouflages the lake
maintenance and services components of the centre comprising:
iii. Two 2-storey dry boat storage buildings which would provide storage
capacity for approximately 40 small boats up to 5m in length,
supplementary to the main marina facility in Precinct 5. It is likely to be
some time before the need will arise for this facility.
Large powered leisure boats, ferries, tour boats and cruise boats with
on-board toilets would be equipped with sewerage holding tanks which
would be regularly pumped out at this facility, with wastes being
discharged to the onshore sewerage reticulation system.
vi. Gross pollutant and chemical waste traps to intercept all wash-down and
stormwater run-off from working and hardstand areas.
viii. Staff and visitor car parking as well as trailer parking for towed vessels.
A Plot Brief for the Lake Maintenance and Services Centre is contained in
Drawing 12.7.
Features of the proposed Dam Control Centre are outlined in a report entitled
Kebenaran Merancang Dan Pendirian Bangunan Bagi Kerja-Kerja
Pembinaan Empangan Utama Fasa 1B, Pusat Pentadbiran Kerajaan
Persekutuan Putrajaya.
A Plot Brief for the Dam Control Centre site, based on the development
concept prepared by Arkitek Urbanisma, is contained in Drawing 12.8.
The Plot Brief for the proposed Lake Management and Administrative Centre
situated within the larger Precinct 3 City Services Centre building is contained
in Drawing 12.9.
This public open space has the potential to supplement Precinct 5 as a viewing
area for major water oriented festivities, such as fireworks displays; and other
water based events such as water ski displays; and also in staging major
special sporting events, such as powerboat races, triathlons, etc. The
swimming leg of triathlon events could very suitably be staged between the
Precinct 5 Aquatic Centre and this site.
Associated facilities would include a kiosk for general park users and for
special events, public amenities, limited “grass-cell” parking, a casual berth,
and a boat ramp which would be used only as a supplementary facility in
staging major events.
The parklands could accommodate public car parking for major events.
As a static water body with minimal use only a minor amount of surface
rippling (mainly from wind) would occur. This could easily be dissipated at
the shoreline by a naturally graded bank with marginal planting or a formal
hard edge.
Under the original master plan, there were only two basic lake edge
treatments:
i. A soft graded bank with a 1 in 4 consistent profile; and
ii. Hard edges of various designs related more to adjacent land use and
architectural and Urban Design considerations than water activity.
The proposed introduction of general boating, ferries and cruise boats requires
that existing and previously proposed shoreline treatments be reviewed based
on the impacts of these functions.
Existing and designed hardedges will resist erosion and are generally
unaffected by the revised lake function except for where ferry and casual
moorings are proposed. However the standard untreated bank at a 1 in 4 slope
will need to be reviewed.
The change in functional requirements of the lake edge has resulted in the
following revised edge designations:
iii. Soft Edges: Natural soil edge where the slope profile runs into
the water with no protective barrier for wash and
wave action. This edge treatment should typically
be located in areas of Wetland or limited boating
activity zones.
13.3 ISSUES
There are three issues related to the revised shoreline Master Plan:
ii. The impact of the revised Master Plan requirements on work out to
tender or under approvals review.
iii. The impact of the revised Master Plan requirements on areas under
design or currently undersigned.
Issues (i) and (ii) are essentially the same and concern mitigation measures for
installing the minimum protected revetted edge onto the existing shoreline
profile.
Table 13.1 sets out the status (as at February 2001) of shoreline works and
recommended mitigation measures.
Table 13.1: Current Status of Shoreline Works and Recommended Mitigation Measures (as of February 2001)
LAKE 1A LAKE 1B
Work Designed or
Mitigation Work To Existing
Area Area Out to Contract
Hard Edge Soft Edge Hard Edge Soft Edge
Drg Drg Drg Drg
13.4 NEW LAKESHORE EDGE TREATMENTS MASTER PLAN AND EDGE TYPOLOGY
GUIDELINES
Drawing 13.2 depicts the proposed New Lakeshore Edge Treatments Master
Plan.
Typology guidelines for various forms of lake edge treatment are set out in
Drawings as follows:
Drawing 13.4 Typical Formal Edge Treatments (Boardwalk and Steps &
Terraces)
For those areas currently under design there is also an opportunity to vary the
shoreline location to create promontories within a 15m zone between the edge
of the 20m promenade and the outer edge of the submerged bench as detailed on
Drawing 13.8. Within this zone there is also the opportunity to create
promontories or boulder revetted protected edges as detailed on Drawing 13.9,
13.10 and 13.11.
Appropriate lake edge planting can enhance landscape interest and variety,
soften the aesthetic impact of revetted water edges, and assist in reducing the
risk of erosion to soft edges by stabilising banks and attenuating wave action.
Marginal and aquatic species appropriate for Putrajaya lake edge planting are
detailed in the following Table 13.2.
Fringe/Water Margin
0-0.3m Average
0.3-0.6 Average
Water Depth
Water Depth
Water Depth
Plant Species Common Name
This level is derived from a presumed low water level of EL 19.8m, less
allowance for vessel draught of 1.4m, with clearance between the underside of
such a boat or its propellers of 1.0m.
At 1.0m clearance between the underside of a vessel and the lake bed allows
for:
ii. siltation which might occur in some instances on the lake bed; and
iii. adequate depth between the lake bed and vessel propellers to minimise
the mobilisation of silts with consequent surface turbidity as a result of
propeller turbulence.
A maximum bed level of EL 17.4m also provides 3.6m of water depth at the
lake’s Standing Water Level of EL 21.0m. This is a minimum desirable depth
to limit light penetration to the bed and growth of aquatic plants. A warm
tropical lake environment will be generally conducive to plant growth on the
bed but undesirable from lake management and navigation aspects.
Drawing 14.1 contains the Integrated Lake Use Master Plan which brings together on
plan the various aspects of spatial lake use control applicable to all envisaged water
based activities.
Segments of the Integrated Lake Use Master Plan have been combined with land use
at a higher level of detail in the following Drawings:
PART D
15.1 BACKGROUND
Hydrographic survey has recently been undertaken by Pelorus Services for the
presently inundated Lake 1A area, the results of which are illustrated on Drawing
15.1.
It can be seen from Drawing 15.1 that most of the lake body is within the depth range
of 3.0m to 4.0m or deeper, with a significant exception being the area immediately
south and southwest of the Prime Minister‟s Residence which is in the range of 2.0m
to 3.0m in depth.
The plans on Drawing 15.2 highlight the greater navigable area at a reduced lakebed
clearance of 3.0m and again indicate constraints to navigation in the vicinity of the
Prime Minister‟s Residence.
The Lake 1A area above Bridge 10 comprises Lake Use Management Zone 3, in
which only authorised tour boats and cruise boats would be permitted to operate - the
Prime Minister‟s Residence and the weir below the Central Wetlands being envisaged
as points of interest for such operations. These vessels would be of shallow draught,
and with appropriate navigation aids traffic can be safely directed around the eastern
edge of the more shallow area near the Prime Minister‟s Residence.
As indicated in Section 4.2.4 the landform around the shoreline of the Lake 1B area
has generally been engineered to create a uniform edge profile as depicted in Figure
15.1.
On the basis of the typical Lake 1B edge profile, the suggested minimum navigation
depth of 3.6m is assured at a distance of approximately 20m from the water edge.
Earthworks construction of the lake arm between Putrajaya Precinct 7 and Cyberjaya,
designated as Lake Use Management Zone 6 is currently under construction, and
although we are advised that water depths within this area will be shallow, no more
quantitative information is currently available. Edge profiles and lake bed levels will
be required to complete the picture of Putrajaya Lake navigational bathymetry based
on as-constructed survey prior to lake inundation.
16.1 BACKGROUND
In general, the majority of powered boats on Putrajaya Lake will fall within
the following categories:
i. Small Powered Boats, most generally being utilised for public hire.
ii. Powered Leisure Boats, being larger vessels catering for hire by groups
and for corporate or official use.
iv. Ferries which are sometimes also referred to as water taxis or water
buses and which operate a scheduled service between dedicated ferry
terminals for the use of commuters, and by tourists moving between
locations of interest.
vi. Cruise Boats catering for large groups and capable of providing meal
service.
The waterways are relatively narrow in some locations and in close proximity
to noise sensitive residential land uses. Certain areas of soft edge treatment
will be sensitive to excessive wave generation by passing boats.
All bridges spanning reaches of the lake have a clear height of 8m or more
above the standing water level of EL 21.0m, with the exception of the Putra
Bridge which has a clear height of only 5 metres. All bridges to the south and
west of the Core Island provide wide clear spans for navigation. The Putra
Bridge incorporates three more limited navigable spans of 25m each, while
Bridges 1 and 4 east of the Core Island provide clear spans of 33.5m and 28m
respectively, which are adequate for navigation but more restrictive for large
vessels than the western bridges.
It is envisaged that small powered boats will be available for public hire on a
self drive basis for leisure outings and fishing, ranging in length from 3.5m to
5m with a maximum occupancy of 6 persons.
Within the primary lake, the potential operating range of small powered boats
is significantly greater than within the Central Wetlands Zone 2 waterbody.
Power options for motorised small craft within the primary lake include:
It is proposed that small powered boats on the primary lake be speed limited to
6 knots.
Based on the above performance criteria, the maximum permissible motor size
for small powered boats should be 9.9 hp.
Powered leisure vessels, ferries and tour boats, by virtue of their size
and speed potential are subject to some common performance
considerations, as outlined below.
For boats with a planing hull design, critical speed occurs in the
transition from displacement to planing operation. Accordingly,
operating at critical speed should be avoided. Also for planing hulls,
a significant wake is created as the vessel drops off the plane into its
displacement mode. The management of boat wash created in
dropping off the plane is largely a matter of operating discipline, to
ensure that slowing through the critical speed occurs well away from
other lake users.
For a given situation, critical speed depends on both vessel speed and
water depth.
viii. water slap (speed boats and jet skis can skip at fast speed
causing the hull to slap on the water); and
ix. boat wake which slaps against the hulls of other boats.
Recommended Noise
Remarks
Exposure Limits (dB(A))
It is envisaged that power leisure boats will range in length from 5m to 13m
with passenger capacities of between 5 and 20 persons.
Powered leisure boats would be owned by public and private corporations and
by Boat Clubs, in all cases being registered for operation within Putrajaya
Lake. Certain powered leisure boats may be available for self-drive hire by
individuals holding appropriate boat licences, and would otherwise be
available through Boat Clubs for charter with a skipper, by private or
corporate groups for sightseeing tours, fishing or general outings on the lake.
Engine sizes for powered leisure boats will depend upon the size, hull form
and speed characteristics of each vessel, but are likely to be in the approximate
range of 80 hp to 200 hp.
It is envisaged that during Putrajaya‟s early years, the functions of ferries and
tour boats may be combined within a single operation, providing a limited
commuter service to and from residential catchments and workplaces during
peak hours; and more significantly, a transport service for visitors to Putrajaya
between one point of interest to another as well as the tourist option for a
complete circuit tour. Vessels could operate with an informative commentary
on places of interest during the non-peak hour periods of commuter use.
Subject to demand, the functions of ferries and tour boats could ultimately be
separated, with vessels tailored to suit the particular requirements of each
operation.
Key attributes for ferry and tour vessels operating within the confines of
Putrajaya Lake include:
i. Principal Dimensions
Figure 16.1 - Indicative Ferry/Tour Boat Style (11.3m Stolkraft Water Bus)
In addition to the service provided by ferries and tour boats, it is likely that
there will ultimately be a significant market for more elegant and formal
cruises on Putrajaya Lake to cater for special functions such as visiting
corporate or government dignitaries, including meal service.
i. Principal dimensions
Overall length: approx max 25m
Breadth: approx max 8m
Water draught loaded: max 1.4m
A possible route for cruise boat tours departing from the cruise boat terminal at the
Precinct 5 Aquatic Recreation Centre marina is depicted on Figure 16.3. The length
of this route is 14.9 kilometres, resulting in a cruise time of 1¾ hours at an average
speed of 5 - 6 knots.
Perhaps more than any other lake activity, cruise boats represent an opportunity to
stamp a “trade-mark” of style for Putrajaya on its single most significant landscape
asset. Cruise boat designs may be nostalgic, cultural, fun or high-tech, but in all
instances they should also be elegant and functional. In particular, cruise boats may
offer the opportunity to showcase state-of-the-art marine technologies of relevance to
Malaysia and in keeping with the modern and environmentally conscious themes of
Putrajaya.
Figure 16.4 depicts the first commercial Solar Sailor which features four sources of
power: solar, wind, battery and a back-up LPG gas generator that can operate alone
or in combination.
Fully loaded with 100 passengers, the 21m long Solar Sailor has a
service speed of 5 knots on solar power alone, and 10-12 knots on LPG
1. Small Powered Boats Length: below 5m Boats registered by Perbadanan Putrajaya or Boat Association.
Basic Training Requirement - Boat Operators‟ Course.
Preferably Electric Motorised (only electric for
Details of prerequisites for training and licensing to be provided in Stage
Central Wetlands)
2.
4 stroke petrol (preferably fuel-injection) satisfying
stringent emission standards
9.9 hp maximum
Speed limited to 6 knots maximum (4 knots for
Central Wetlands)
4. Ferries and Tour Boats Length: 12m to 13m Boats registered by Perbadanan Putrajaya.
Boat Specification - stringent design and performance criteria to be
Capacity: 40 - 40 passengers
prepared in Stage 2.
Gas, diesel or 4 stroke petrol engines satisfying Full Training Requirements - Helmsman Course.
stringent safety and emission standards Pre-requisites for training and licencing to be provided in Stage 2.
Nominally up to 250 hp
Propulsion: waterjet or propeller
Speed 20 knots maximum
6. Marine Police and Emergency Length: nominally 6m - 7.5m Special training requirements to be formulated in Stage 2.
Response Boats
4 stroke petrol motor (preferably fuel-injection)
satisfying stringent emission standards
200 - 300 hp
Speed up to 30 knots
7 Lake Maintenance Vessels Subject to special purpose functions and design Vessels registered by Perbadanan Putrajaya.
Full training requirement - Helmsman Course.
Speed 9 knots maximum
Helmsman/Skipper to hold valid Licence (requirements to be prepared in
Stage 2).
17.1 BACKGROUND
Preliminary schematic designs have been prepared for principal water based
facilities as a useful reference for more detailed precinct planning and future
detailed design of individual development sites that incorporate such facilities.
Drawings 17.1 and 17.2 depict ferry and tour boat Type One and Type Two
proposals respectively.
The Type One option which is generally preferred, allows for close berthing to
the lake edge. This is considered more aesthetically desirable and less likely
to create obstruction to navigation which could occur in the case of the Type
Two berthing arrangement.
As a public transport facility, all pedestrian ramps and gangways are designed
to satisfy criteria applicable to wheelchair access.
The landside facility as depicted occupies an area of 0.3ha behind the 20m
wide public promenade.
iii) The provision of Short Term Parking and Long Term Parking increases
potential ridership by widening the catchment. The indicative layout
illustrated in Drawing 17.3 provides 17 Short Term Parking spaces and
20 Long Term Parking spaces plus 3 extra spaces for Disabled Parking.
These are suggested to be minimum provisions where any form of
transit facility is justified.
iv) The demand for Long Term Parking can be regulated by parking
charges if and when appropriate.
FT
PRECINCT
1
FT
PRECINCT
PRECINCT 1
8
FT
PRECINCT
2
PRECINCT
8
FT
PRECINCT
17
FT
PRECINCT
2
FT
PRECINCT
18
FT
PRECINCT
4
FT
PRECINCT
4
FT
FT
PRECINCT
4
FT FT
PRECINCT
5
Table 17.1: Checklist for Ferry and Tour Boat Terminal Support Facilities
Toilet
Public
Car Parking
Access
Road
Points
Power
Lighting &
Racks
Bicycle
Drop-off
Bus / Taxi
Area
Waiting
Machine
Vendor
Ticketing
Kiosk
Telephone
Public
1. FT1 Precinct 1 Putra Bridge As per
existing
As per
existing As per
existing
Linear Park
2. FT2 Precinct 1 As per
existing
As per
existing
Local Centre Generally as per Drawing 17.3
3. FT3 Precinct 17
4. FT4 Precinct 18 Local Centre Generally as per Drawing 17.3
In addition to ferry and tour boat terminals, provision has been made for a
number of casual berthing facilities to be located at strategic locations
throughout the lake system to cater for occasional special berthing needs and to
provide opportunities for casual berthing at key destinations.
The locations of proposed casual berths (C) which would be owned and
managed by Perbadanan Putrajaya, as well as a restricted number of private
casual berths (PC), are indicated on Drawing 17.4 and in Table 17.2.
Because casual berths are not public transport facilities, the design requirements
in regard to gangway slopes for wheelchair access do not apply, and hence the
length of perpendicular gangway protrusion is considerably less than for the
corresponding Type Two ferry terminal arrangement.
17.4 MARINA
The appropriate mix of Precinct 5 marina berth sizes will require market
analysis prior to design, however as the marina is likely to be developed in
stages, flexibility can be built into the planning to enable the overall mix of
berth sizes to be adjusted in later stages of construction to accord with the
experience of actual market demand.
Design and selection of the floating marina system should ensure the provision
of a state-of-the-art facility in regard to: stability, durability, longevity,
aesthetics and maintenance costs.
It is proposed to prohibit all lake use activities in the immediate vicinity of the
dam spillway for the purpose of public safety.
18.1 BACKGROUND
In the planning of facilities for the primary lake under Sections 11.0 and
12.0, an indicative provision has been made for the future berthing of
approximately 170 vessels within a floating marina and dry stack
storage, which equates to a navigable space of approximately 2 ha per
boat (excluding the area of Lake Use Management Zone 3).
This space allocation compares with approximate water area
requirements ranging from 0.2 ha/vessel to 0.6 ha/vessel as set out in
the Putrajaya Volume 3 User Guidelines, December 1999, Table 3.6.1
derived from Donald Adie, MARINAS - A Working Guide to Their
Development and Design, 1984.
Although the environmental issues may differ as the Gold Coast has
unrestricted access and downstream (seaward) compared to constrained
limitations of water body in Putrajaya Lake, the inadequacies have been
accounted for. Moreover, not all activities are to take place at any one
time. The management and regulatory control (to be developed in Stage
2 – Navigation Management Plan) will ensure that the quality of water
in the Lake is preserved.
While the lights of buildings and structures along the shoreline can aid
navigation in the hours of darkness by generally delineating the water‟s edge;
glaring and gleaming effects due to reflection and mirroring when observed
from the water body can inhibit the identification of navigation signage and
markers as well as other boats in the vicinity. The diminished ability to
distinguish other watercraft as a result of background lights poses a risk to
navigation in the hours of darkness.
Floats
(Green)
Signage - Buoy
Starboard-hand
(Red)
Some principles and examples of navigational markers and signage are set out in
Figure 18.2.
Regulatory Markers
Controlled Area:
Type of control is indicated in the circle, such as slow, no wake, anchoring, etc.
Danger:
The nature of danger may be indicated inside the diamond shape, such as
rock, wreck, shoal, dam, etc.
DAM Information:
For displaying information such as directions, distances, locations, etc.
Signage
Speed
Position fixing aids may be required at specific locations ashore and in the
water to enable watercraft to establish their position. Also electronic
navigation aids and instruments, e.g. GPS and magnetic compass, may be
appropriate for certain vessels.
i. Safety
18.4 RECOMMENDATION
In the event that some areas of relatively shallower depth are the result of post-
inundation sedimentation, these areas may be prone to re-suspension of silts
with consequent adverse water turbity effects as a result of boating traffic,
particularly in drought periods when lake water levels are reduced and less
navigation clearance is available.
It is therefore proposed that additional survey together with lake bed sampling
and testing be undertaken to better assess the need for any lakebed dredging or
excavation in order to ensure that navigation can be undertaken safely and
without adverse environmental disturbance.
This handbook will constitute a lake user‟s Code of Ethics and Code of Safe
Boating Practice.
Proposed components of this Manual are set out in Table 19.1, including
reference to the need or otherwise for guidelines that are modified or
additional to the existing Lake User Guidelines.
Modification
Guidelines Existing Proposed
Required
Modification
Guidelines Existing Proposed
Required
g) Accidents
i. Accident Reports
ii. Assistance from Shore
iii. First Aid
iv. Emergency Situations
v. Rendering Assistance
Drawing 20.1 contains the Integrated Lake Navigation Master Plan which brings
together on a plan general guidelines developed in Part D in relation to spatial aspects
of navigation within the Putrajaya Lake system.
PART E
PUTRAJAYA LAKE MANAGEMENT
The Vision for management of Putrajaya Lake encapsulates management goals which
in turn shape the outcomes to be achieved as Putrajaya develops and matures. The
Vision directs the management strategies that will be implemented to resolve issues
and deal with problems that may arise.
Components of the Vision as set out in Table 21.1 relate to important areas of
environment, culture, lifestyle and waterways administration and co-ordination.
ii. Recreational values. The lake and its foreshore will constitute one of
Putrajaya‟s most important recreational resources for both informal
activities and organised sport. Recreational and sport uses of the lake are
likely to include boating, rowing, canoeing, swimming, triathlons and
fishing, while foreshore parks will be popular for picnicking, walking,
wheel chair access, jogging, cycling, roller skating, roller blading, cross
country running, orienteering and foreshore fishing. The lake will
provide the setting for many special events of a recreational nature.
vi. Water resource management values. The lake system will have an
important role in water resource management, particularly in the control
of water quality and also as a source of water for landscape irrigation
and, to a limited degree, in flood management.
Effective management of water quality within the Putrajaya Lake system can
only be achieved in the context of an integrated approach to total catchment
planning and management, involving co-ordination with all agencies
responsible for landuse, development, stormwater flows and waste discharges.
The Putrajaya Lake system, including its upstream wetlands, will promote the
settlement of suspended material, uptake of nutrients and die off of micro-
organisms as water flows through the lake. The quality of water will generally
improve in moving down the lake and water uses that are most sensitive to
water quality are hence best located in the lower reaches of the lake.
The water quality objectives for the management of Putrajaya Lake and the
monitoring of achievement of these objectives will be based on the principle
of locating uses in zones of appropriate water quality. Thus areas managed as
aquatic habitat are located particularly at inlet zones high in suspended solids,
nutrients and organic matter necessary to sustain the high productivity of these
eco-systems, while swimming areas are located in zones of low bacterial
numbers, consistent with the protection of public health.
The highest peaks in turbidity will be associated with storm events in the
catchment and the extent of earthworks associated with construction
activity and other land uses which disturb vegetation cover and result in
soil erosion and high levels of suspended solids in stormwater runoff.
Because of the general absence of shallow areas within the main body of
Putrajaya Lake, increased turbidity as a result of wind-generated
re-suspension of lake sediments is unlikely.
iii. Management of nutrients. Phosphorus and nitrogen are the two key
nutrients directly affecting the growth of plants in water bodies. Options
should be considered for reducing phosphorus and nitrogen inputs and in
the management of macrophytes to reduce nutrient release.
The sediment load on the lake will be reduced by the effect of the
established upstream wetlands and can be further assisted by the
installation of modern gross pollutant trap devices installed as part of the
stormwater drainage system within developed areas of the catchment.
Low flow into and through the lake will be associated with hot dry periods
generally between May and September when natural inflows from the
upstream catchments are insufficient to balance water losses from evaporation,
seepage, irrigation abstraction and release of riparian flows to the downstream
river system.
ii. The lake relies on external sources of nutrients to sustain its ecology and
productivity, with the response to nutrient inputs varying in different
parts of the lake according to water depth and associated oxygen level.
iii. Putrajaya Lake will not be a stable eco-system but will evolve in
response to natural fluctuations and continually changing external
factors.
iv. Management of the lake must take account of its regional context,
particularly in relation to matters such as wildlife movement and changes
in natural range of species.
Small islands within the Central Wetlands perched lake above the northern
head of the primary lake are of interest from an ecological management
viewpoint because of their potential to provide wildlife refuges which are not
accessible by most terrestrial predators.
The 5m wide submerged bench around the perimeter of the lake is likely to
support prolific growth of submerged macrophytes and emergent macrophytes
in the form of reed beds, which depending on their location and personal
aesthetic perspectives may be regarded as unattractive, particularly during
periods of reduced water level.
Figure 22.1 illustrates styles of mechanical aquatic plant harvesters which may
need to be employed on Putrajaya Lake.
The artificial wetlands and the main body of Putrajaya Lake will be colonised
in the natural course of events by numerous species of both plants and animals
without any human agency. Some of the species that colonise this newly
created freshwater habitat will be desirable and some undesirable.
Impoundments need to be managed and designed to maximise their
recreational fisheries potential.
The species of fish chosen as the target sport fish species for this fishery
should be selected from amongst those occurring naturally in the surrounding
region. Also the target species should be able to breed in the impondment, or
if unable to breed in dam conditions, be available as fingerlings in sufficient
numbers from commercial fish hatcheries in the region.
Some fish will be unable to breed in Putrajaya Lake and to sustain a resident
population without a fingerling release program. Some fish can grow to
maturity in fresh water, but must migrate to brackish water in order to breed.
However, fingerlings of such species may be available from commercial
hatcheries, sustaining the local aquaculture industry. Therefore, sufficient
fingerlings of these species, if selected, could be sourced commercially to
support a stocking program.
The sport fish species selected must be challenging and of interest to the
recreational angler, i.e. they must “put up a good fight.” Also, they should be
palatable and desirable table fish.
The total quantity of living organisms, both plant and animal, in the lake
system is a function of the nutrients available in the system. Therefore, the
number of game fish species available or capable of being supported by the
lake will be set by the level of nutrients in the water body. This has
implications for stocking rates etc. If too many fingerlings are added to the
system and they have to compete for food, the result will be many very small
fish, which grow slowly. If an insufficient number of fingerlings are added to
the system and they don‟t have to compete for food, the result will be fewer
but larger fish.
Pretreatment of stream flow into the lake by means of the series of artificial
wetlands should significantly reduce the risk of excessive nutrients
accumulating in the lake. Also, a healthy recreational fishery where fish are
caught and removed by fishermen is a means of removing nutrients from the
system, occasionally supplemented by a weed harvesting programme.
It is likely that numerous types of small feeder fish will be amongst those
species that colonise the lake by way of river inflow and the transport of fish
eggs on birds and in runoff during flood events, etc. However, it may be
desirable to stock the dam with some species of feeder fish from time to time.
At Tinnaroo Dam in tropical Queensland, a native fish species called Boney
Bream (a type of fresh water sardine) is occasionally released as a food source
for Barramundi and other sport species.
Undesirable pest species of fish have already colonised the lake, amongst
these are Tilapia, Grass Carp and Big Head Carp. Carp and Tilapia species
occur in feral populations throughout Malaysia and indeed the rest of
Southeast Asia and Australia. Carp undercut the earth banks of watercourses
and impondments by their feeding activities, which involve sucking up soil
and sediment and spitting it out again. This also muddies the water and
therefore increases turbidity and dissolved nutrient levels, making the water
body less suitable for more desirable fish species. Tilapia are an attractive and
highly tasty fish native to Africa. Tilapia, as with Carp, are highly successful
in out-competing native species for available food resources. Furthermore,
over time Tilapia numbers tend to increase while their average size declines.
Gold Fish and other commonly kept aquarium species such as the various
Cichlids are likely to establish populations in Putrajaya Lake via colonisation
from existing feral populations or from accidental or purposeful releases by
people. Accidental release can occur when an ornamental pond overflows into
the storm water system or when someone releases a gold fish into a storm
water drain. Also, some anglers may use gold fish or other exotic aquarium
species as live bait for fishing. Finally, people ignorant of the undesirable
consequences may purposely release “pretty” fish into the lake.
The public must be educated not to use non-native fish such as carp or
goldfish or cichlids etc as live bait for fishing. Anglers must be educated to
kill and remove all pest species of fish when they catch them. Keepers of
aquariums and fish ponds must be educated not to accidentally or purposely
release pet fish into the lake or its tributary waterways.
Undesirable species of plant have, and are likely to continue to, colonise the
lake from either existing feral populations or from aquariums and ponds.
Again public education and periodic removal of vegetation are required
remedies. For highly productive invasive aquatic species such as water
hyacinth removal by mechanised boom scoops on a barge has proven
necessary in similar instances throughout the world. Such equipment is
commercially available. Removed weed material readily composts into good
quality humus, which can be used as a soil conditioner for agriculture or as a
medium for mushroom cultivation.
Some native fish need to breed in brackish water. Therefore, when they are in
an impondment such as a dam they will tend to follow the flow of water going
over a spillway in a quest for salt water downstream. The loss of these
brackish water breeding fish over the spillways of dams is a significant
problem world wide. It reduces fish stocks and increases the expense of
stocking. The use of fish barrier nets which will not adversely affect the safe
passage of flood flows over the dam spillway (which are also commercially
available), is the only way to minimise this loss of fish stock.
After the lake is filled it is likely to take several years for the water quality to
stabilise. It is then likely to take several years of iterative practice and
observation to determine optimum stocking rates - particularly for those target
species that will not breed naturally in the lake. Experience with stocking rates
will optimise the size, number and growth rate of desirable fish species.
Eels migrate downstream into the ocean to breed and then die. Young eels or
elvers then swim back up to the fresh water river or stream their parents
migrated from. Once there, they grow to maturity and then repeat the cycle.
A fish ladder, comprising a series of resting pools arranged in descending
order on or adjacent to the spillway will allow the movement of juvenile eels
upstream back into the lake and the headwaters beyond. As long as a constant
flow of water is maintained, and there are sufficient and adequately spaced
resting ponds, then not only eels but other fish species will be able to travel
upstream to the dam and complete their lifecycles. If no fish ladder is in place
then those species which migrate downstream to brackish or saline water to
breed will depart over the dam spillway – unless they are constantly re-
established as juveniles by stocking.
ii. All desirable sport fish be listed and the necessary bag limits, size limits
and open/closed seasons be prescribed by regulation.
iii. All undesirable fish be listed and the destruction and removal of any
undesirable species caught be required of anglers.
iv. All sport fish are to be caught by hook and line only, no nets or traps
permitted.
vi. Baitfish and freshwater shrimp and crayfish may be caught by small
nets, scoops and traps set for bait collection or private consumption
purposes.
vii. A limit of 1 litre of baitfish per person per day be set. A limit of 1 litre
per person per day be set for freshwater shrimp. A limit of 5 litres per
person per day be set for crayfish.
ix. All anglers must be licensed annually and pay the prescribed licence
fee. Fees generated by licensing are to be used to subsidise any sport
fish stocking program, ongoing monitoring of sport fish levels, and
control of pest species of fish and plants.
Healthy fish populations, essentially for recreational fishing, will also serve to
keep down mosquito levels as a result of larval predation.
iii. To protect ecological and other values of the lake from adverse effects of
recreational use.
iv. To maintain the highest practicable standard of public health and safety
in respect to recreational use.
The types of recreational use made of the lake can be categorised as follows:
ii. Regular organised water sport activities by clubs (e.g. rowing and
canoeing races and training, triathlons);
iv. Special events which do not interfere with general public use of the lake
(e.g. fishing competitions); and
v. Special events requiring closure of parts of the lake (e.g. water skiing
exhibitions, major rowing regattas, other major aquatic sporting
competitions, powerboat racing events, major public celebration events).
The Central Wetlands waterbody and the primary lake present opportunities to
conduct fishing competitions in any of their many popular forms, including:
i. fly fishing;
ii. tagged fish competitions;
iii. competitions for largest fish of particular species, etc;
iv. catch and release competitions; and
v. competitions targeting noxious fish.
Provision for safe use of the lake by the public and also security from the
water for high Government officials including the Prime Minister residing
close to the lake, are critical management considerations with responsibility
residing principally with the Marine Police. However, there are many
management responsibilities in the design, operation and maintenance of
facilities which are also important from a public safety and security viewpoint.
iii. Boat lighting and night activities. All boats will be required to carry
fixed lighting if they are used on the lake at night.
iv. Strong wind warnings. Provision should be made for local electronic
media broadcasting of strong wind warnings.
vi. Health warnings. Health warnings with respect to swimming and other
primary and secondary recreation in the lake will be issued at times when
there is a significant health risk as a result of biological or chemical
pollution.
viii. Restrictions on public access. Certain parts of the lakes and foreshores
will be specified as being restricted to general public access by land or
water, for safety, security or environmental reasons.
Strategies and policies will need to be carefully developed to address the role
of Perbadanan Putrajaya in the management of lake navigation ancillary
services and facilities such as marine servicing, the marina and Aquatic Centre
activities; and in the management of public water transport including ferry,
tour boat and cruise boat operations.
The spillway of the main Putrajaya Lake dam has the capacity to pass floods
of 1 in 100 annual exceedence probability with only a minimal rise in lake
level. Nevertheless, consideration needs to be given to the management of
flood impacts within the lake associated with increased flood water levels and
some increased flow velocities.
Putrajaya Lake will contain a number of facilities which will require ongoing
inspection and maintenance, including:
i. The main dam. Routine maintenance and repair works for the dam and
associated assets will be undertaken in accordance with a pre-planned
and documented programme and as otherwise necessary.
ii. Pumping station facilities. Routine maintenance and repair works for
various water circulation and landscape irrigation pumping station
facilities will be required in accordance with a pre-planned and
documented programme covering electrical and mechanical components
as well as the structural and cosmetic components of these facilities.
iii. Bridges. While responsibility for the maintenance of major road and
light rail bridges may be separated from responsibilities for maintenance
of lake facilities, a programme for regular inspection and maintenance of
other lesser road and pedestrian bridges around the lake foreshores will
be required.
v. Boat ramps. Any concrete boat ramps will require regular inspection and
maintenance as necessary.
vi. Lake walls, revetments and soft edge treatments. Lake edge treatments
will require regular inspection and periodic maintenance, most generally
in respect of erosion of non-engineered informal edge treatments.
vii. Fixed platforms. Any public landing platforms (pontoons) and fixed
platforms will require regular inspection and maintenance.
ix. Buoys. Buoys may be placed in the lake for management purposes (e.g.
to mark hazards, sampling sites, etc) or they may be located for boat
moorings or to mark the courses for boating, rowing or other events.
Floating booms will most likely be the most appropriate measure to
prevent boats from approaching too close to the small weir on the
perched lake at the northern head of the main lake and to the spillway of
the main dam.
These attributes will vary widely between different parts of the lake, reflecting
the various use priorities and the nature of the surrounding development,
giving rise to a series of “Landscape Character Zones”. The diversity of these
zones is of key importance in the total visual experience associated with the
lake, whether this is gained by a ferry trip along the lake; by walking, jogging,
cycling or driving around it; or as sum of a host of different recreational or
viewing experiences on various parts of the lake over an extended period.
In order to inform the community about Putrajaya Lake and its management, a
range of public information resources including leaflets, more substantial
publications, interactive presentations on CD, and internet website displays
should be produced.
This information will relate to how people use the lake and concerns they
may have in relation to its management. They should contain information on
whom to approach for further advice or assistance and how to report any
management problems they observe during their use of the lake.
Some possible topics which could be useful in informing the public about lake
management issues would include:
Being one of Putrajaya‟s primary attributes, the lake will be a focus for special
group guided tours and VIP visits, which will involve the commitment of
resources in management, public information publications and displays, and
the availability of suitable vessels in a range of sizes for lake tours.
Provision may also be made for the erection of interpretative signs and/or the
development of interpretative trails in foreshore areas.
Research and monitoring aimed at recording the characteristics of the lake and
its uses, and understanding the physical, biological and social processes
associated with the lake and its use may include the following types of
projects:
iii. Recreational use surveys covering the lake in general, or specific areas or
activities.
Identified management functions are listed in Table 23.1 together with the
primary role of Perbadanan Putrajaya in each case. In some cases there are
significant overlaps in the listed functions.
PRIMARY
MANAGEMENT FUNCTION MANAGEMENT
ROLES
1. Wetlands Operational
2. Water Quality Operational
3. Low Flow Operational
4. Ecological Operational
5. Fisheries
Resource Management Operational
Recreational Angling Operational
Fishing Competitions Operational/Regulatory
6. Recreation
Informal Public Activities Operational
Regular Organised Activities by Clubs Operational
Commercial Recreational Activities Regulatory
Special Events Operational/Regulatory
PRIMARY
MANAGEMENT FUNCTION MANAGEMENT
ROLES
7. Public Safety and Security Operational
8. Lake General Navigation Management Operational
9. Public Water Transport, Tour Boat and
Regulatory
Cruise Boat Management
10. Vessel Services Management Operational
11. Dam and Flood Management Operational
12. Lake Facilities Management Operational
13. Community Consultation and Public
Operational
Relations
14. Education and Research Activities Operational
15. Administration and Financial
Management Operational
Having regard to the wide ranging but inter-related functions and necessary
management skills associated with the management of Putrajaya Lake, it is
suggested that the existing Environment Division be reconstituted as the Lake
and Wetlands Division with responsibility for all aspects of the lake.
In some or all of the activities listed above in which the primary role is
regulatory, it is likely that Perbadanan Putrajaya may also have commercial or
organising interests, e.g. in the ownership and management of commercial
tourism operations, water transport or marina facilities; or in the organisation
of major water based events. In all such cases, it is suggested that commercial
aspects of involvement be administered within separate divisions of
Perbadanan Putrajaya, to avoid conflicts of interest within the Lake and
Wetlands Division in regard to its regulatory functions.
Careful consideration will need to be given to the nature and extent to which
Perbadanan Putrajaya might be involved in ownership and operational
management of facilities such as boat clubs, non-commercial recreation sites;
and other commercial, recreational, tourism and water transport activities.
ADMINISTRATION PUBLIC EDUCATION AND LAKE LAKE USE AND LAKE FACILITY LAKE
UNIT PUBLIC AFFAIRS UNIT ENVIRONMENTAL NAVIGATION UNIT MAINTENANCE AND RECREATIONAL
UNIT SERVICES UNIT CENTRE
OPERATIONS
Operational Planning Interpretative Centre Hydrology Lake Use Coordination Lake Maintenance and
Budget Coordination Operations Wetlands Planning & Technical Services Centre Aquatic Centre
Financial Control Public Information Centre Water Quality Services (incl. GIS) Operations Operations
Resource Planning Operations - Monitoring Public Safety & Security Aquatic Plant Central Wetlands
Human Resources Public Communication - Laboratories Lake Use Surveillance and Harvesting Recreational Centre
Quality Assurance (Complaints/Suggestions Fisheries Resources Policing Dam Operations Operations
Information Systems Register etc) Research Emergency Response Lake Facilities
Support Services Public Information Operations Maintenance
Community Education Commercial Recreation, (structures, beaches
Materials Tourism and Transport etc.)
Stakeholder and Interest Operation Permits Navigation Aids
Group Participation Recreation/Sporting
Public Education Campaigns Activity Permits
(community “ownership” Lake Event Permits
strategy) Vessel Registrations
Curriculum Packages for Vessel Safety Inspections
Schools Marine Training &
Lake Tourism Promotion Examination
Group & VIP Tours Boat Operator and
Helmsman Licensing
The early establishment, resourcing and training of the Lake Use and Navigation Unit (existing Lake and Wetland Unit) is crit ical for safe, steady and
assured advancement of the Putrajaya Lake Use and Navigation Master Plans.
It has been noted that the present workforce within the Perbadanan Putrajaya
Lake Management Unit is inadequate to assume navigational responsibilities,
in spite of an essential need for their close involvement in addressing
navigational issues in early Lake Use and Navigation activities.
A suggested Lake Use and Navigation Unit Organisational Structure is set out
in Figure 23.1.
Navigation Unit
Penolong
Pengarah Kanan
(A2)
Jurutera
Pelayaran (A3)
Pembantu Teknik
Kanan (A4)
23.2.1 Function
This unit shall assist the Lake Management Unit in all navigation
operational and support needs, and respond to navigation management
requirements of Putrajaya Lake. Navigation management requirements
include:
Setting up of the Navigation Unit is urgent and critical for the safe and
consistent progress of the Putrajaya lake development.
23.2.2 Responsibilities
23.2.3 Personnel
Putrajaya Lake primarily represents an investment intended to value add to the civic,
commercial and residential functions of Putrajaya and to the financial worth of its real
estate.
iii. Boat registrations for vessels owned by boat clubs or other private or public
organisations;
iv. Marina facility lake bed lease and/or commercial operating license;
In the first phase of the Stage 2 work, a management study will be undertaken
to define management objectives, strategy options and their impacts. The
second phase involves the preparation of a management plan which will
document action needed to achieve the desired goals and management
objectives.
The first phase will establish the regional significance of the lake, its key
values and the anticipated uses and conflicts contributing to both the values
and problems anticipated. It will also assess the likely future uses and
pressures for the lake and surrounding land. From this information, the study
team, with input from wetland configuration, water based activities,
supporting infrastructures, risks and, Perbadanan Putrajaya feedback, will put
forward a range of nature conservation and remediation measures and
management strategies and options.
The second phase of the Stage 2 work will involve the assessment of these
options to determine the desired future management measures for the lake and
its environs. These measures will need to address all issues and provide for
the long-term control and management of the area.
The plan will provide guidelines for the protection, management and
accomplishes Perbadanan Putrajaya tasks in administration, control,
management and supervision of Putrajaya Lake. The plan will also
complement the responsibility of Perbadanan Putrajaya to ensure security,
safety and precautionary measures of boating and recreational activities, and
lake surface management in the Putrajaya Lake.
ii. encourage development of the lake in a manner which will preserve the
lake, encourage recreation activities, protect the lake, and protect
recreation facilities;
iii. preserve the lake‟s danger/hazard zones;
iv. promote water quality;
v. promote and maintain recreation areas on and surrounding the lake;
The Management Plan will form the foundation for the total implementation
of the navigation management within the Putrajaya Lake. The Plan is
projected to contain the following documents:
i. The plan to contain a land & lake use map and detailed management
guidelines designed to ensure protection of the unique qualities of
Putrajaya Lake and surrounding area, while providing recreational
opportunities compatible with the area;
ii. The plan to contain a process for the formation of an advisory committee,
to be composed of Perbadanan Putrajaya and Government agencies, that
will assist in the monitoring of the lake and implementation of the plan.
1. Introduction
1.1 Purpose of the Plan
1.2 Significance of Putrajaya Lake
1.3 Goals of the Plan
1.4 Definition & Glossary
4. Key Issues
5. Environmental Issues
5.1 Putrajaya
5.2 Putrajaya Lake
5.3 Existing Development
5.4 Other Areas of Concern
8. Influences on Management
8.1 Legislative
8.2 Administrative
8.3 Regional Influences
8.4 Visitation Dynamics
1. General Patterns
2. The Putrajaya Lake User
14. Appendices
25.4.1 Background
25.4.2 Purpose
i. Supervise the water traffic (in the lake) within the coverage area;
25.4.3 Integration
i. Accident Investigation
Management
Management
Management Management
FIRE DATA
RECORDER/ TERMINAL
DEPT LOGGING
MARINE
DATA
POLICE ACQ SYS
LAKE
COMMAND
CENTER
SECURITY
ER STN
SYSTEM INTEGRATION
VHF
GPS CCDTV
RADAR SECURITY
TEMP/WIND
ENC WEATHER FORECAST
AIS SENSORS
SAR
DATA HIGHWAY
25.5.1 General
25.5.2 Execution
General outline:
i. To design the C and E plan of the Putrajaya lake area and its
immediate waterfront.
ii. The C and E plan will be designed in such a way that it can be
integrated with other current and future systems.
iii. The C and E plan will also be designed accordingly to the various
levels of infra-structural development of Putrajaya with focus on
the lake area and his immediate waterfront.
i. COC
a. Marine communication
b. Ground communication
c. Ground to air communication
a. Touring water-crafts
b. Water taxis
c. Individual water-crafts
d. Security water-crafts
e. Marine police water-crafts
f. Search and Rescue (SAR) water-crafts
g. Sea plane
h. Others crafts
26.1 INTRODUCTION
Various level of staff participation from top, middle and support group is
required to execute the Management Plan effectively. Although majority of
the support systems are by PPJ, the workforce is expected to be strengthened
and balanced to comprise the resources of other agencies within Putrajaya.
The consultants recommend that all the staff members, both from Perbadanan
and other agencies, to be trained and exposed to essential aspects for carrying
out their respective responsibilities. Perbadanan Putrajaya shall ensure that at
the end of the recommended programs, the relevant personnel are certified by
locally accredited professionals and/or organization in the relevant fields of
expertise. This will ensure that competent and well-trained staff members with
adequate knowledge are assigned to manage and control the Putrajaya Lake.
26.2 SCOPE
The courses to be designed are to provide the knowledge, skills and attitudes
for the personnel that will be responsible for the health, safety, security and
environmental protection of Putrajaya Lake. The recommended essential
courses will cover the various levels of personnel, namely the managerial,
supervisory and operators level.
The range of courses will expose the participants with fundamental elements
of health, safety, security, navigation, emergency response principles and
environmental protection. They will acquire skills that are used in and are
fundamental to the performance of many tasks carried out in a wide range of
duties.
26.3 OBJECTIVE
The Boat
Marine Environment
Emergency Preparedness
Standard 1- Navigation
The course to provide the knowledge and skills to the participants with
the essential navigational aspects of safe and precise navigation.
Standard 2 – Deckwork
The course to provide a greater understanding covering the detail
aspects of the anticipated work on deck of a vessel including the hands
on requirements of a helmsman.
Standard 6 – Engines
The course to provide the participants with a good basic understanding
of the engine maintenance and checks required.
To provide the lake users with the basic first aid at the lake and to give
sufficient practical training so that they will be able to cope quickly
and effectively in dealing with emergencies which can occur at the
lake and the vicinity.
Standard 8 - Bleeding
To explain the various types and dangers of bleeding, methods of
control and precautions to be exercised.
Standard 17 - Drowning
To explain the basic techniques of rescuing drowning person and the
methods of reviving the person using the various proven techniques of
resuscitation specific to the casualty.
Topic will also cover the various types of the boom, skimmers
the principle of their deployment, their limitation related to the
water state, oil state and the effect of wind etc.
Standard 4 - Dispersant
When oil is spilled into the water, natural dispersion of oil
occurs due to wave, wind, turbulence etc. which convert oil into
small droplet which then spread through the water column and
degraded by micro organization.
Standard 5 - Sorbent
Sorbents are material which will recover spilled oil though
absorption and adsorption. They have the ability to pick up oil
and be easily recoverable and disposable. This course will
describe the used of natural and synthetic sorbents and their
limitation.
Rationale – Putrajaya will provide the best live-in environment with regards to
the actual water areas, location for the conduct of the wide ranging activities
and the actual facilities and infrastructures exposed to the participants.
26.10 EXAMINATIONS
26.11 CERTIFICATIONS
It is recommended that PPJ, the organization that has the pool of competent
professionals as consultants and trainers; issue certificates to the participants
that have satisfactorily participated in the program with a minimum of 90%
attendance and passed the exams.
26.12 EXEMPTIONS
It is anticipated that there will be users of the lake who are already possessing
the relevant qualifications obtained from other organizations be it in Malaysia
or other countries. As PPJ lake has its uniqueness, it is recommended that PPJ
will have an examination syndicate that will provide part or in whole
exemptions for all other certificate holders. A bridging program and specific
written and/or oral examination is recommended for these users.
PART F
27.1 INTRODUCTION
The lake and wetlands system within the Master Plan for Putrajaya has been
planned with the objectives of achieving aesthetic and multi-functional use in
line with the ―City in a Garden‖ concept. The water quality of the lake and
wetlands is aimed to be clean enough for body contact, water sporting and
recreational activities. The activities in the lake should have great recreational
values and undertaken in a safe and healthy environment.
The waterfront of the Lake adjoins various land uses proposed under the
Putrajaya Master Plan. Six Land Use Classes have been identified within the
Master Plan, these being Residential, Government Institutions, Opens Spaces,
Commercial, Services Industry and Infrastructure. A listing of the potential
types of development activities that may be associated within these six classes
of land uses have also been identified. It is critical therefore that activities in
and around the Lake are regulated to ensure compatibility with land uses
identified in the Master Plan. Priority should be given to the protection of the
quality of water, protection of lake shoreline, preservation of aquatic habitats
and generally enhancing the waterfront environment.
In line with Perbadanan Putrajaya‘s policy, the Lake has been an integral part
of the community. It is a showpiece but one that will also be available for the
activities of the community. A review of the types of activities and works that
are likely to be allowed has indicated that fishing, boating (both motorised and
non-motorised), restaurants, swimming and other related recreational
activities, construction of floating and fixed structure, and other activities and
works on and along the water front, that are compatible with Perbadanan‘s
policy for the Lake, will be encouraged. Such activities, if left unmanaged,
have the potential to adversely affect the lake. Legislative controls need to be
instituted to ensure that the Perbadanan is able to manage the lake in a manner
that is compatible with the objectives and purposes of an integrated
management plan for the lake and Master Plan for Putrajaya.
27.3.1 Background
27.3.2 Wetlands
Wetlands have been developed in the upper reaches of the lake system
which receives inflows from the Sg. Chuau and its tributaries namely,
the Sg. Bisa and the three other unnamed streams. The six wetlands
areas consist of the Upper North Wetland (39.1 hectares), Upper West
Wetland (30.3 hectares), Upper East Wetland (14.9 hectares), Lower
East Wetland (10.1 hectares), Upper Bisa wetland (21.1 hectares) and
the Central Wetland (47.8 hectares). These wetland areas may be
seasonally, intermittently or permanently submerged or inundated with
water that is static or flowing.
These artificial wetlands, which are located in the upper reaches of the
lake system, have been designed to trap and remove in-flowing
pollutants that are carried by runoff from the surrounding catchment.
Pollutants levels in runoff are expected to be reduced within the
wetlands as a result of physical settling of particles, chemical
precipitation and adsorption of inorganics and organics, biological
uptake of nutrients by plants, and uptake and decomposition of
organics by animals and microbes.
The role and function of the wetlands in the overall development of the
lake system is critical in ensuring that pollutant loads discharged into
the primary lake are not excessive as to cause its water quality to
deteriorate and render it aesthetically unacceptable and unusable. In
this regards, the wetlands have been designed to achieve a level of
efficiency for removal of pollutants, with emphasis given to the effects
The drainage system has been designed to match the operating and 1%
AEP water levels, within the wetlands and the primary lake. Based on
the Putrajaya Lake Management Guide report, about 40 per cent of the
catchment runoff is expected to drain directly into the lake.
The lake has a long shoreline which generally follows the natural
topography to the designed standing water level (EL 21.0 m) except
where substantial modifications to the land abutting the lake have been
made through excavation and reclamation. However, it is to be noted
that the shoreline may change as a result of flood events that may
cause water level in the lake to rise above EL 21.0 m. The general
design of the main dam allows for a 0.5 m rise in the water level for 1
in 100 year flood event. However, the rise for the same events is 1.5 m
in the case of the lake created by the temporary dam.
The land area that is within this ―flood zone‖ will vary around the lake
since this depends on the steepness of the banks of the lake. A wider
area will be inundated where the banks are gently sloping as opposed
to areas which are steeper. All developments are expected to be above
the flood zone except for the developments such as beaches, boat
ramps, jetties and others. For the most of the lake, the flood zone is
likely to be a buffer where natural vegetation will be allowed to be
established for the protection of the shoreline against erosion.
The exercise of zoning of the lake has been approached taking into account the
following considerations:
i. The physical structure and organization of the lake which consists of its
various components. These include the wetlands, the open water body,
the collector drains and streams, and the water bodies constituting the
retention basins;
ii. The bathymetry of the lake, indicating the shallow and deep areas. This
is important for example in the terms of the type and nature of boating
activities that may be allowed; and
iii. The designated land uses adjacent to the lake which dictates that
activities undertaken near the lake should be compatible to the land uses
proposed for the Putrajaya development.
The most difficult problem in creating acceptable risk criteria is the poor
perception of risk by the general population. Communities, in general, are very
inconsistent in their approach to, and understanding of risks. In many cases,
the levels of risk are beyond the normal realm of everyday life. The
uniqueness of Putrajaya Lake and the Wetlands will require an assessment of
its own taking into consideration the host of factors that have direct impact on
the risks posed.
Each activity will expose a risk unique to itself. Apart from the mixing of
compatible activities, other important criteria to consider are the competency
of the lake users, the standard of safety and design of the facilities and crafts,
and the environmental elements such as lake water conditions and weather.
For the suitability of various water activities in the Lake and Wetlands, the
consultants have used the Suitability Classifications namely:
The Risk Management Process will enable personnel within PPJ to identify
potential problems, document these problems and handle them as necessary.
It provides a simple analytical flowchart that is to be used to assess, strategize
and evaluate potential risk, to determine if and when particular risks require
action and who will manage the risk. The plan will provide determination
factors for low-level and high-level management handling, triggers, and
frequency of reviews. It also offers enablers to encourage communication
throughout the project, and will illustrate a cyclical flow process framework
for continuous risk management.
ii. Risk Assessment - Stage 1, based on identified risk with approved broad
concept of development.
27.9 COMMUNICATION
27.9.1 Background
The PPJ staff will often communicate with personnel external to the
lake project about activities status, unresolved issues, schedules, as
well as other relevant project-related topics. Sharing risk information
is a part of PPJ‘s approach to internal and external communication
because it keeps personnel informed and aware of potential problems.
External communication is also used to elicit additional information
that is needed to identify and/or understand risks or to acquire
additional resources or assistance when mitigating risks.
The paths for communicating risk information flow between the PPJ
staff and its support contractors, Industry Teams and their
subcontractors. Risk Management communication, at a minimum,
requires:
Status/Trends
Track Identify
Status/
Forecast Risks
Required Individuals/Team
Indicators Members (TATs)
Handle Assess
Recommend Review
Mitigation Plans Priorities
Approve Mitigation Evaluate
Plans Classify
ALDs/Team Members
Analyze
Review
Integrate across AORs
D/ALDs
Select Select
top top
priority priority
risks risks
External Industry
Groups Team(s)
Awareness PPJ Internal Awareness
and Risk Communication and Risk
Mitigation Mitigation
Mitigation Mitigation
Plans, Status Plans, Status
Reports Reports
i. Alleviate confusion.
ii. Keep project personnel, senior management, and Industry Teams
informed.
iii. Bring about consistent expectations across the project.
iv. Enable everyone to see the ―big picture.‖
v. Allow Industry, Government and PPJ personnel to solve
problems together when appropriate.
vi. Bring potential issues to light early.
PPJ will have its own Lake and wetlands project management structure
and also describes particular methods of communication, such as
required reports and planning documentation. These methods and
meetings organized by project management will open the doors for
communication. Since meetings and regular discussions are ongoing,
information and feedback on risk activities, current risks, and emerging
risks will be exchanged both internally and externally to the project as
part of the continuous Risk Management Process.
Capture
Potential
Risk Information
Sheet (RIS)
Document Potential Risk on
a RIS (disregard ID#)
Determine if Potential
Risk is in Proper AOR
YES
YES
RISK ASSESSMENT
i. Risk Identification,
ii. Risk Assessment,
iii. Risk Analysis, and
iv. Risk Handling;
Risk - A risk is any factor that may potentially interfere with the
successful conduct of the stipulated activities. By recognizing
potential problems, the responsible person can attempt to avoid a
problem through proper and decisive action. ―A risk is not a
problem – a problem has already occurred; a risk is the recognition
that a problem might occur.‖
i. risk classification,
ii. probability of risk,
iii. severity of risk,
iv. impact of risk,
v. overall risk rating,
vi. risk timeframe and
vii. risk prioritisation.
Select/
Review Risk
Determine a timeframe
for the Risk
Document
Categorize Risk
On RIS
Within Proper
Impact Group
ii. The ALC will determine if the risk requires ALC action or
intervention. If so, the ALC will keep responsibility and
authority. If the risk does not require ALC action or
intervention, the ALC will delegate responsibility and
authority to the appropriate team member within the AOR.
iii. Determine if the risk has a High Impact. If so, and the ALC
is unable to handle the risk at the AOR level, or the risk has
an overall impact to the project, refer the risk to the Risk
Management Steering Team (RMST) for Project Watch-list
consideration. If not, place on the AOR Watch-list.
Risk Reviewed
by ALD
Does Risk
Require ALD
Action?
DELEGATE KEEP
Submit to RMST
High or for Project
RIS Overall YES
Supplement Watch-list
Impact? Consideration
NO
Does Risk
Refer to D for
NO Merit D
YES Risk Management
Retain in
AOR Watch-list
Awareness & Planning
Monitoring?
Add to
Project Watch-list
RISK HANDLING
iii. Control (passive action): Monitor the risk. Risk control does
not attempt to eliminate the source of the risk as avoidance
does, but seeks to reduce or mitigate risk by continually
monitoring and managing the risk in a manner that reduces the
likelihood of its occurrence or minimizes its effect on the
Deepwater Project. Risks that are controlled usually have:
Effective triggers:
Review
Risk
Data
Is enough info
known about this RESEARCH
risk?
YES
YES
NO NO
Can my AOR Can I or do I
live with the need to act on
Risk? this risk?
Go to Risk Analysis
Risk Info Sheet Continuously Process or Risk
Document Mitigation Review Risk
Strategy & Plan Handling Process
(TRACK)
27.11.1 Background
Level P3L Oily water, Oil spill with Low risk (below
50 litres for wetlands and below 100 litres
for others)
Level P3H Oil spill with High risk (50 litres and
above for wetlands and 100 litres and
above for others)
LEVEL OF
NATURE OF RISK REMARKS
RISK
U1 NOISE Affect the lake users, public and the residents in the
vicinity.
L1 WAKE GENERATION Affect the lake soft edge, destabilizing shorelines, and
disturbing other water activities.
U2 ADVERSE WEATHER Heavy rain and poor visibility by fog/mist could be main
reason for special caution to be exercised when
navigating in the lake. Less frequent is also the strong
winds that could pose problems to some crafts and lake
activities.
ANCHORED
U2 VESSELS/CRAFTS Can pose hindrance to other crafts and lake users.
(only allowed in
emergency)
LEVEL OF
NATURE OF RISK REMARKS
RISK
U2, F2 COLLISION/ Between crafts, crafts and facilities such as terminals and
RAMMING navigational marks and those involving personnel.
U2, F2 DAM/WIER FAILURE Due to public accessibility and facilities near the area,
risk exposed to personnel is high unless strict measures
are adopted.
L2, U2 DROP OF WATER Mainly due to dry season with excessive evaporation.
LEVEL Crafts may get stuck to the lake bed or strike bottom due
to false impression as to actual depth of water.
U2 GROUNDING Vessel with deeper drafts may wander into shallow areas
not designed to accommodate its utilization. Could be due
to drop in water level.
U2, F2 IGNORANCE No lake users are allowed to plead ignorance with regards
to safe utilization of facilities.
U2, F2 LIGHTNING Lightning could easily strike crafts out in the open waters.
LEVEL OF
NATURE OF RISK REMARKS
RISK
L2, U2, F2 OVERSPEEDING Could cause accidents and damage to properties and loss
of lives; and damaging to soft lake edge due to wake
generation.
U2, F2 UNLAKEWORTHY Can affect safety of users and others in the vicinity.
BOATS
Fines and other forms of penalties to be Fines rates and penalties compared
incorporated for lake safety and elsewhere, standardized, instituted and
environment offenders. revised as necessary.
Safety procedures required to be Input from consultant in Stage 2.
developed for all activities.
Sewage, waste and oily water pumping Regular checks made by PPJ enforcement
station to be effective. officers. More than one system is
recommended.
Develop a navigation chart both paper Consultant to provide details in Stage 2 and
and electronic, that will indicate all critical integrate information into INMS.
areas for the safety of navigation and
water activities.
Provide proper signage system for lake Specifications to be developed and location
users, both ashore and in the waters. identified by consultant.
Critical areas such as the weir, dam and To obtain detail designs and specifications
spillway, ferry terminal, fueling station addressing the issues. Safety and pollution
and repair yard to have a more elaborate prevention measures to be developed in Stage
safety design and features, and greater 2 of study. Emphasis on these areas to be
supervision. Additional safety and pollution made.
prevention measures in these areas will
need to be developed.
The sensitive wetlands will require special The emergency response plan will have
care with regards to the water quality, and specific coverage for this area. Closer
the flora and fauna. supervision is required in the area.
For special national events with more To identify policy issues involved. Apart
crowd, back-up enforcement is required from support facilities, the police and military
from other agencies. personnel assistance is required.
Medical attention centers to be located Areas will be identified in Stage 2. For big
at/near critical areas. events, additional centers to be incorporated.
Balancing means of the water level in the In cases of long drought season or during
lake to be provided such as by having period of filling in Lake 1B.
upstream storage.
Routine monitoring of water quality and A PPJ unit to be identified to undertake the
water level. task.
Professional management of facilities and Under active and close supervision of PPJ.
water crafts.
Position E4: Due to its potential of being the most critical position
in the lake; an ERP Centre is recommended to be situated on the
western part of the spillway. A launching/recovery facility could be
installed. Response to emergency is expected to be most rapid in
this area where it is expected that the rate of drift is anticipated to be
the fastest. The dam area is exciting to the public and is made
accessible to viewers which can be concentrated near the spillway.
This Centre will cover the South Sector well. It is not recommended
to be the main ERP Centre because of the intensity of activities
taking place and the minimal land area suitable for storage of
equipment. It is suggested that at least one boat will always be on
standby near the intake tower ready for use.
This study indicated that the anticipated activities in and near the lake will
expose the users and facilities to a host of environmental and safety
challenges. Without a control system in place, it would not be possible to
manage the various activities recommended.
28.1 INTRODUCTION
28.1.1 General
28.1.2 Purpose
28.1.3 Scope
i. The Putrajaya Lake & Wetland ERP concepts will apply to all
disaster or emergency as defined in the ERP, which includes a
natural catastrophe; environmental problems; fire or
explosion; or any other occasion or instance for which the
Plan determines that assistance is needed.
ii. The ERP will cover the full range of complex and constantly
changing requirements following a disaster: saving lives,
protecting property, and meeting basic human needs
(response); restoring the disaster-affected area (recovery); and
reducing vulnerability to future disasters (mitigation). The
ERP will not specifically address long-term reconstruction and
redevelopment.
ii. Within this framework, the PPJ and Government agencies could provide
personnel, equipment, supplies, facilities, and managerial, technical, and
advisory services in support of Putrajaya Lake emergency
response/assistance efforts. Various Government statutory authorities
and policies establish the bases for providing these resources.
vi. The Putrajaya Lake & Wetland ERP will be further implemented
through various operations manuals, field operations guides, and job
scope that detail specific agency actions to be taken.
vii. The Putrajaya Lake & Wetland ERP will state, along with their
jurisdictions, emergency operations plans describing who will do what,
when, and with what resources. In addition, develops relationship
between Putrajaya Lake & Wetland ERP with government agencies and
other organizations emergency or contingency plans.
The Putrajaya Lake & Wetland ERP will consists of the following sections:
i. The Basic Plan will present the policies and concept of operations
during an emergency/disaster. It will also summarize Perbadanan
Putrajaya planning assumptions, response and recovery actions, and
responsibilities.
The Emergency Response Plan will form the foundation for the total
implementation of the emergency management within the Putrajaya Lake &
Wetland. The Plan is projected to contain the following documents:
The proposed content of the Lake and Wetland Emergency Response Plan is
as follows:
Basic Plan
I. Introduction
A. Purpose
B. Scope
C. Putrajaya Lake Emergency & Wetland Response Plan Framework
D. Organization of the Putrajaya Lake Emergency Response Plan
II. Policies
A. Authorities
B. Resource Coordination and Management
C. Outreach/Information Dissemination
VI. Responsibilities
A. ESF Primary Agencies
B. ESF Support Agencies
C. Recovery Agencies
D. Other Federal Agencies
E. Planning
Support Annexes
Perbadanan Putrajaya Departments
Government Agencies
Financial Management
Logistics Management
Occupational Safety and Health
Public Affairs
Incident Annexes
Appendices
Appendix A — Terms and Definitions
Appendix B — Acronyms and Abbreviations
Appendix C — Putrajaya Lake Emergency Response Plan Changes and
Revision
Appendix D — Overview of an Emergency/Disaster Operation
List of Figures
Figure 1 — Emergency Response Framework
Figure 2 — Emergency Planning Relationships
Figure 3 — Organization of the Putrajaya Lake & Wetland Emergency
Response Plan
Figure 4 — Emergency Support Function Designation Matrix
Figure 5 — Regional Operations Center Organization
Figure 6 — Emergency Response Team Organization
Figure 7 — Emergency Response Team Operations Section
Organization
Figure 8 — Emergency Support Team Organization
FINAL REPORT (2nd Revision)
AUGUST 2001
APPENDIX A
REFERENCE PLANNING
AND DESIGN DOCUMENTATION
The following documents relating to planning and design of aspects of Putrajaya with relevance to
Putrajaya Lake have been provided by Perbadanan Putrajaya and have been reviewed as part of this
Lake Use study.
By Perbadanan Putrajaya
Overall Putrajaya Monorail By T&T Konsult Sdn Bhd -
Alignment
Taman Botani Plan Laporan Cadangan Pemajuan May 1998
Cadangan Pembangunan Taman Botani,
Precinct 1, Putrajaya
By KLCC Bhd
Bridge 8 Cadangan Membina Jambatan Seri Saujana June 1999
(Jambatan Seri Saujana) (BR 8) di Putrajaya, Mukim Dengkil, Daerah
Putrajaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan
Precinct 12 Layout Plan By RDA Harris Architects Sdn Bhd 30 April 2001
Precinct 19 Layout Plan By RMA Perunding Bersatu Sdn Bhd 27 June 2001