Scribd
Upload
127 views

Dialysis

Dialysis is a treatment for kidney failure that removes waste and excess fluid from the blood. There are two main types: hemodialysis, where blood is filtered through an external dialysis machine for 3-5 hours 3 times a week; and peritoneal dialysis, where a cleansing fluid is circulated through a catheter in the stomach over 24-36 hours to absorb wastes. Both help control blood pressure and prevent toxic buildup by doing the job of failed kidneys. Dialysis does not cure kidney disease but is lifesaving for kidney failure patients.

Uploaded by

Lakshmi Rj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
127 views

Dialysis

Dialysis is a treatment for kidney failure that removes waste and excess fluid from the blood. There are two main types: hemodialysis, where blood is filtered through an external dialysis machine for 3-5 hours 3 times a week; and peritoneal dialysis, where a cleansing fluid is circulated through a catheter in the stomach over 24-36 hours to absorb wastes. Both help control blood pressure and prevent toxic buildup by doing the job of failed kidneys. Dialysis does not cure kidney disease but is lifesaving for kidney failure patients.

Uploaded by

Lakshmi Rj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

DIALYSIS

Introduction:

Dialysis is a treatment for people whose kidneys are failing. When you have failure,

your kidneys don’t filter blood the way they should. As a result, wastes and toxins build up in

your bloodstream. Dialysis does the work of your kidneys, removing waste products and

excess fluid from the blood.

Dialysis definition:

Dialysis is an artificial way to eliminate waste and excess fluid from the body.

Indication:

Acute renal failure or chronic renal failure.

Severe metabolic acidosis.

Hyperkalameia.

Fluid over load.

Acute pulmonary oedema.

Purpose:

 It controls blood pressure.


 It removes excess water and metabolic wastes from the body.
 Prevents chemicals such as potassium, bicarbonate and sodium from reaching
hazardous levels.
Types:

Haemodialysis.

Peritoneal dialysis.

Haemodialysis:
In this method, the patient’s blood is passed through the dialysis machine where it is purified
and returned to the patient’s body.

This 3- to 5-hour process may take place in a hospital or a dialysis center three times a week.
The are prevent for death does not cure kidney disease.

Before dialysis the have do procedures.

Types :

Arteriovenous fistula

Arteriovenous graft

Arteriovenous fistula:

A surgeon connects an artery and vein in your arm.

Arteriovenous graft:
the artery and vein are too short to connect, your surgeon will use a graft (soft, hollow
tube) to connect the artery and vein.

AV fistulas and grafts enlarge the connected artery and vein, which makes dialysis
access easier. They also help blood flow in and out of your body faster.
Dialyzer:

A dialyzer is often referred to as an “artificial kidney.” Its function is to remove the


excess wastes and fluid from the blood, when the patient’s kidneys can no longer perform that
task. Dialyzers are made of a thin, fibrous material. The fibres form a semipermeable
membrane, which allows smaller particles and liquids to pass through.

The dialyzer has four ports, one inlet, and one outlet port each for blood and dialysate.
The semipermeable dialysis membrane separates the blood compartment and the dialysate
compartment. The transport processes across the membrane are diffusion (dialysis) and
convection (ultrafiltration). The removal of small solutes occurs primarily by diffusion; larger
components, such as β2-microglobulin, are more effectively removed by convection.

There are majorly two types of Dialyzers – High Flux and Low Flux Dialyzers.

Procedure:

Removes blood from a needle in your arm.

Use for large needle 14 to 16 gauge insert in to the fistula.

One needle is placed to pull blood from the circulation to the haemodialysis machine
and another needle is use to return the dialyzed blood to the patient.

Circulates the blood through the dialyzer filter, which moves waste into a dialysis
solution. This cleansing liquid contains water, salt and other additives.

The blood comes in contact with forging metrial it has tendency to clot heparin id
added to the blood to prevent clotting.

Haemodialysis is used to diffusion.

Returns filtered blood to your body through a different needle in your arm.

Monitors your blood pressure to adjust how fast blood flows in and out of your body.

Peritoneal dialysis:
Peritoneal dialysis is done by surgically implanting a catheter in the stomach of the
patient. A cleaning fluid (dialysate) is then circulated throughout the catheter that absorbs the
waste materials from the blood vessels in the walls of the stomach. It is then drawn out and
discarded. Peritoneal dialysis is considered to be more versatile and convenient than
haemodialysis.

With peritoneal dialysis, tiny blood vessels inside the abdominal lining (peritoneum)
filter blood through the aid of a dialysis solution. This solution is a type of cleansing liquid
that contains water, salt and other additives.

It’s a simple procedure but takes 24-36 hours.

Its osmosis depending dialysis. Waste product move from higher concentration to
lower concerntration.

About three weeks before you start peritoneal dialysis, you’ll have a minor surgical
procedure. A surgeon inserts a soft, thin tube (catheter) through your belly and into the
peritoneum. This catheter stays in place permanently.

Types:
Automated peritoneal dialysis
Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis:
Patient exchange the dialysis 4-6 time a day.
In this procedure person in still 2to3 dialysate from the plastic bag in to the peritoneal
cavity through a disposable administration line.
The maintain antiseptic technique to avoid peritonitis.
Automated peritoneal dialysis:

It done in night with patient sleep.


It performed 10-14 hours three or four times a week by the procedure.
Intermittent peritoneal dialysis:
It performed 8-12 hours at night.
Advantages:
Control over daily activity.
Increase in fluid intake.
Free from haemodialysis machine.

Disadvantage:
Dietary alteration related to protein and potassium loss.
Continuous dialysis 24hr per day.
Complication:
Pain
Tenderness.
Swelling.
Discolouration.
Fever.

Bibliography:
Lewis “medical surgical nursing 3rd edition published elsever publication page
no:1042,1043

You might also like