Paragraph Writing

Write a paragraph on 'Tree Plantation' in about 200 words answering the

following questions :

a) What is tree plantation?

b) What do we get from trees?
c) Why should we plant more trees?
d) When is the suitable time for tree plantation?
e) How can we take care of them?

Tree Plantation

Tree Plantation means to plant trees in a fixed or different areas to produce

wood. The importance of tree plantation can't be ignored any more.
Through tree plantation our environment remains balanced properly.
Natural calamities can't occur unexpectedly. Our demand of food is met
up. Oxygen is properly balanced in air. The most important thing is that
ecological balance remains fit for the betterment of the maintenance of
humans and animals and plants as well. If trees aren't planted, we can't
get food, oxygen and different kinds of needful elements from the trees.
Therefore, there is a close relationship in between trees and humans. If
there had been no trees, the environment would have lost balance. Floods
and drought may occur repeatedly. Lands would turn into desert place.
The rainy season is the best time for plantation of trees. We should take
some effective measures to grow them well . We should take care of them
properly as to the animals or other concerns can't damage them. We can
get available trees from any nursery or govt. agriculture department. We
can take part in tree plantation campaign. We should make the tree
plantation program successful for a better habitat.

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 (a) What does a tree do for us?
(b) What happens if there were no trees?
(c) What is the effect of the loss of trees?
(d) What should be done to save mankind?
(e) How can be made the earth greener, cleaner and safer?
(f) What part do people play in protecting trees and increasing forests?

Tree plantation
Tree plantation is not an option but a necessity. By tree plantation we
mean the act of planting trees and plants on a regular basis. In other
words, tree plantation is the opposite deed of cutting down trees.
Therefore, tree plantation can be defined as a move to maintain
ecological balance for the common benefit of humans and animals. There
are many vital causes for planting trees. The first and most significant
reason for which we should plant trees is humans' need for oxygen. Trees
produce oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide. We cannot survive a single
minute without oxygen. Again, by sucking up the toxic carbon di-oxide, we
breathe out trees keep our environment habitable. Besides, we ought to
plant trees for fruits, flowers, and timber. Also, trees are necessary to cool
down city life, prevent soil and river erosion, screen ultra violet rays from
the sun, accommodate fauna, and to fight climate change. We should
plant trees mostly during the rainy season. We should plant trees on roads,
around schools and houses, on roof tops of the buildings in cities, on river
banks, and along sea shore. We have to take proper care of the trees we
plant. To do this we should make fence around them, support them with
sticks and water them if necessary. Observation of tree plantation week by
government can go a long way to make people conscious of tree
plantation. Besides, the government can broadcast educative
programmes on this issue on radio and television. Also, the government
should instruct all public offices and institutions to plant trees and check
corruption in forestry sector.

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 Write a paragraph on 'A Book Fair' on the basis of the questions given
below:

a) What does a book fair mean?

b) What is the occasion of the fair?
c) Where is it held?
d) How is the environment of the fair?
e) What is the impact of the fair?

A book Fair
A book fair is a place where books of various kinds are brought for sale and
display. It is a very popular fair. In fact, a book fair is considered to be an
occasion of great festivity to the book-lovers. It is usually held in the winter
season on an open place in most of the major cities of the country. The
main thing about a book fair is not sale but display of books on different
subjects. It is organized by various institutions on various occasions, namely,
Martyrs Day, Victory Day, Independence Day etc. The leading publishers of
the country set up stalls of their recent publications as well as old ones.
Various kinds of novels, poetical works and science fictions are mainly
available in a book fair. A festive look prevails all around. The renowned
artists, poets' intellectuals gather there and take part in the seminars and
cultural programmes. Last year, I paid a visit to the Ekushey Boimela, the
most popular book fair held in the premises of the Bangla Academy. My
personal impression about a book fair is that it can play an important role
in developing the habit of reading books among the people. It is a device
to spread culture, education and knowledge. It changes our outlook on
life and widens our domain of learning.

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 (a) What is a book fair?
(b) What was the occasion of the fair?
(c) Where was it held?
(d) How was the environment of the fair?
(e) What experience did you gather by visiting the fair?

My Visit to a Book Fair/ A Book Fair I Have Recently Visited

A book fair is a kind of fair where different types of books are displayed for
sale. Nowadays, it has become very popular in our country. Last month, I
visited a book fair. I went there with my elder brother. The fair was
arranged on the occasion of 21st February. It was held at the Bangla
Academy premises. As it was my first visit to a book fair, I was really
surprised when I entered the fair. There were hundreds of stalls in the fair.
The environment was really charming. The stalls were arranged
systematically. There were information counters. There were also some stalls
for taking snacks. I saw that all kinds of books such as fiction, drama,
poetry, novel, biography, translation, children literature, story books, etc.
were available in the fair. I bought some books on science fiction and
comics. After walking for a long time, we became tired. So, we entered a
food stall and took some light foods. Suddenly, I noticed a crowd in front of
a stall. I went there and became really surprised seeing my favourite writer
Dr. Muhammad Zafor Iqbal the seminar some renowned personalities of
our country delivered speeches on the importance of books in our life.
After that we left the fair, but I took with me a lot of pleasant experiences.

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 Deforestation
Deforestation means cutting down trees in large number. The causes of
deforestation are many. Bangladesh is one of the most densely-populated
countries in the world. Her population is much more in proportion to its
area. This huge number of population needs more food, shelter, agricultural
land, fuel, furniture, medicine etc. People cut trees for various purposes.
Most of the villagers cut down trees to use them as fuel. Some of them use
trees as wood, wooden furniture and some sell trees for getting quick profit.

There are some dishonest people who cut trees in the forests to make
money. The effects of deforestation are too many to describe. This
destruction disturbs our ecological balance. The existence of wildlife is
going to be threatened. Due to deforestation carbon dioxide is increasing
worldwide. As a result, the world is becoming warmer. The sea level is rising
and many parts of the world are going to be engulfed by the sea in near
future. On the other hand, new areas of the world are turning into deserts
as a result of deforestation. It also causes serious damage to the soil, as
trees give protection to soil as well. Aftermaths, the soil gets sediment in the
riverbed and causes frequent floods. So, if we destroy trees at random,
one day the country may turn into a great desert. All living animals and
birds will not find any food or shelter to live in. The temperature will rise and
it will cause green house effect. The country will be unsuitable for living and
various natural calamities like flood, drought, storm, earthquake etc. will
occur in our country. Immediate measures should be taken to combat
deforestation. People should be made aware of tree plantation through
mass media. In addition, tree plantation program should be extended
throughout the country to make our country evergreen, fruitful and
prosperous.

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 Imagine that you are studying on Environment Pollution. Read the questions
below and write a paragraph by answering them.

(a) What is environment pollution?

(b) What are the elements of the environment?
(c) How are the elements of environment being polluted?
(d) What is the effect of pollution?
(e) How are people responsible for environment pollution?
(f) What should we do to stop environment pollution?

Environment Pollution

The surroundings in which a person, animal or plant lives are called

environment. There are many elements in our environment. Air, water, soil,
plants, animals, etc. are such elements. They are essential for the
environment as well as human beings. These elements should be sound for
our sound living. But when they are polluted and their essential balance is
disrupted, this phenomenon is known as environmental pollution.
Nowadays, almost everywhere, our environment is being seriously polluted.
In many places in our country, the environment has become extremely
polluted. We ourselves are responsible for this severe pollution. Industries
and factories emit huge amount of smoke, gases and fume. Motor vehicles
also emit large amount of smoke and gases. All these pollute air seriously
and polluted air is very harmful for us. Water gets polluted due to dumping
of industrial wastes and chemical fertilizers and insecticides which are
washed away into rivers and canals. Due to the indiscriminate use of
vehicle horns, loud speakers, mikes, etc. sound is polluted. Soil is polluted by
harmful chemical fertilizers and insecticides. Besides, people are cutting
down trees at random. All these are causing environmental pollution.
Consequently, man becomes sick, animals and fishes are reducing, global
warming is increasing, polar icecaps are melting, frequent floods are
occurring and so on. We all should be aware of this harmful pollution and
take effective measures to check it.

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 Answer the following questions to write a paragraph on Global Warming.

a) What is global warming?

b) What are the causes of global warming?
c) What are the effects of it?
d) How can we prevent global warming?
e) If we fail to prevent it, what may happen in near future?,

Global Warming
The term 'Global Warming' refers to the rise in the temperature of the
planet, earth. Nowadays, global warming has made the environmentalists
think about the dreadful consequences. It has become a threat to all living
beings on earth. Global warming is the result of greenhouse effect. It is the
gradual warming of the air because of heat being trapped in earth. This is
happening because of environmental pollution. We are destroying our
tropical rain forests by establishing industries, mills and factories and using
CFC gas. Thus, we are polluting our environment. By the destruction and
burning down of our forests, the amount of carbon dioxide is increasing.
The increased amount of carbon dioxide around the earth has made a
layer in space. The sun rays are coming through the layer but the heat
cannot pass through that layer. This is why, the heat is being trapped in
earth and making our globe warmer. As a result, the temperature of the
world is increasing day by day. The weather pattern is changing. The
alarming news is that the polar ice caps are melting and this might cause
the flooding of huge areas of the globe. Bangladesh cannot escape the
paws of this enemy. The lower southern part of the country may go under
water one day. Effective measures should be taken by the world
community to control global warming. Emission of carbon dioxide should
be reduced. Deforestation must be stopped and more trees should be
planted. Above all, people should be aware of preventing the pollution of
the environment.

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Write a paragraph on Bangabandhu Satellite-I' based on the answers to the
following questions,
(i) What is a satellite?
(ii) Where was the Bangabandhu satellite designed and launched from?
(iii) What is the location of this satellite?
(iv) What is the longevity of it?
(v) How will Bangladesh be benefited by this satellite?

Bangabandhu Satellite-1
A satellite (man-made) refers to an artificial body placed in orbit round the
earth or another planet in order to collect information for communication.
The Bangabandhu Satellite-l is the first Bangladeshi geostationary
communication satellite. The satellite has been named after the father of
the nation, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. It was designed and
manufactured by Thales Alenia Space and its launch provider was SpaceX.
It was launched on May 11, 2018. Its launch station was Kennedy Space
Center on Merritt Island, Florida, USA and the ground control stations are in
Betbunia, Rangamati & Gazipur in Bangladesh. The satellite is located at
the 119.1° East longitude geostationary slot. With a total mass of 3700 kg
and powered by 2 deployable solar arrays and batteries, the expected
longevity of the satellite is 15 years. The satellite provides Ku-band and C-
band television broadcast and data relay services across Bangladesh and
neighboring areas. This satellite will bring about enormous development
and uninterrupted telecommunication system in Bangladesh. At present
the country's television channels have been renting bandwidth from
Chinese, Indian and Singaporean satellites at a cost of about $14 million a
year. It is expected that Bangladesh will not only save such amount of
money in the future, but also would earn a lot by letting other countries to
lease the unused bandwidth. Besides, some other sectors like telemedicine,
e-learning, video conference, defense and disaster management system
will be improved for this satellite in Bangladesh. The launch of satellite
Bangabandhu-1 by Bangladesh brings both prospects and challenges as it
is expected to help the country save foreign currency, while the challenges
remain in effectively running the venture.

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 Physical Exercise

Physical exercise is the movement of our limbs. Our body is like a machine.
Our body needs movement. Regular exercise is essential to keep our body
sound. It is good for health. It gives us health and energy. It is necessary for
the preservation of health. We cannot enjoy sound health without it.
Physical exercise makes a man active and strong. It keeps him free from
various fatal diseases. Physical exercise develops all parts of our body. It
keeps us sound. It helps us to be cheerful and active. It also helps us digest
food and keeps the body free from various diseases. Our life is full of
struggles and activities. One can tackle them simply if one has physical
fitness and mental alertness. Physical exercise is essential to make our body
physically fit. A person can have a sound mind only when he has a sound
body. So, in order to have a sound mind in a sound body physical exercise
is of greatest significant for all. Exercise takes our mind away from the
drudgery of work and fills it with joy. It increases our vitality. Physical exercise
also gives us fresh energy refreshes our mind and helps us to return to work
with improved strength. So we should take physical exercise every day.
Health is the root of all happiness. Physical exercise keeps us healthy. Many
people do not take physical exercise regularly. Then soon lose their health.
They fall victims to many diseases. It helps a student to a great extent. It
helps him to concentrate his mind to his studies. So the necessity of taking
exercise should not be ignored. Physical exercise prolongs our life and
strengthens our mind. We can say that the importance of physical exercise
is great. For a happy and cheerful life, it is essential. So we all should take
regular exercise.

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Answer the following questions to write a paragraph on 'Drug Addiction'.

(a) What is drug addiction?

(b) What are the causes of drug addiction?
(c) How does it affect young generation?
(d) Why should the young generation have knowledge on drug addiction?
(e) Give your own suggestion to get rid of this menace.

Drug Addiction

Drug is usually used as medicine to cure diseases. But sometimes it is taken

by some people as a habit to get amusement or relief from pain. This abuse
of drug is called drug addiction. Drug addiction is a curse to modern
civilization. Nowadays, it has become a global problem. Drug addiction
has grasped the young generation of our country. The people who take
drug cannot stop taking it. There are some reasons behind this addiction.
Some take drugs to forget their painful past or present. Again, some take
drugs as a pursuit of pleasure. The youngsters, at first, take drugs for fun but
afterwards it turns into an addiction. The after effects of drug addiction are
very harmful and serious. The health of the addicts break down. They lose
their mental and physical health. They lose their social status and the love
of their near and dear ones as well. Everybody dislikes or hates them.
Various kinds of diseases attack them. They suffer from amnesia, insomnia,
nausea, physical weakness, blood pressure and many other critical
diseases. Their lungs, kidneys and livers also get damaged. Drugs are
expensive. So, the addicts often go for stealing, hijacking, killing and all
sorts of misdeeds to manage money. For this reason, it should be stopped
at any cost. Addiction to drugs can be checked by creating social
awareness. The mass media can play an effective role in this regard.
Seminars, discussion and debate should be held in schools, colleges and
universities now and then. The government alone cannot solve this problem
People must cooperate with it. Above all, the rules of religion can play the
most important role in this regard

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 Board Questions
1
Climate Change

Climate change is one of the burning issues the world is facing currently. It
is an issue that isn’t targeted to any specific group of people rather it will
affect the whole of mankind. But it will affect people living below the
poverty line the most. Global warming is considered one of the main
reasons for climate change. Global warming indicates the rise in
temperature worldwide which is caused by different reasons. As the
developed countries are producing tons of greenhouse gases regularly, it is
damaging the nature very fast. But the developing or underdeveloped
countries have to face the result of climate change first. As a result of
global warming, different natural calamities like floods, cyclones, drought
will occur and they will take thousands of lives. As poor people worldwide
have no safety measure against all these, they will suffer the most.
Moreover, polar ice packs will also melt with the rise of temperature which
is very risky for the people living in coastal areas. It has been found in
researches that if the average temperature rises by 2 degrees Celsius, sea
level will rise by 1 meter. It will cause thousands of people living in coastal
areas to leave their accommodation. As Bangladesh is surrounded by the
Bay of Bengal in the southern part of the country, Bangladesh is also at risk
of being affected by climate change. With the industrial revolution, millions
of factories are set up and they are emitting chemicals that are very
harmful to nature. If they don’t take proper steps to prevent this, it will take
a short time to damage the atmosphere of this planet. Even using
excessive motor vehicles leads to carbon emission which damages nature
greatly. Though the world leaders are discussing to reduce the carbon
emission globally, we should be aware of the upcoming danger. Our
government should take proper steps to save the greenery and tree
plantation can play a vital role to fight climate change. Also, the factories
should be compliant with the safety rules so that no harmful chemicals can
enter nature without being treated. This way, we would be able to build a
world for our next generation which will be healthier and safer. It is our duty
to save our planet from the adverse effects of climate change and it is
high time we should take steps.

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 2

The Importance of Female Education

Female education means education to a nation. Because, if a nation

wants to be educated, it needs an educated mother first. An educated
mother can educate her child well. Moreover, in order to maintain its
existence and build a successful and beautiful national life, it is necessary
to focus on female’s education. So men as well as women have to be
educated. Through education a woman can make herself worthy. Female
contribute more than male in education. Because every child grows up in
his mother’s lap. The mother spends much more time behind the child than
the father. As a result, the child develops in the ideal of the mother. Only
an educated mother can bring up her child in good education. Referring
to the influence of women in education, Napoleon said, ‘Give me an
educated mother, I will give you an educated nation. Therefore, in the
overall development of the country and the nation, women’s education
must be given priority. Educated women are one of the tools to fulfill the
biggest interests of the nation. Although women in our country generally
considered as housewives and mothers, they have come a long way
today. Women have a special role to play in building a peaceful society by
maintaining happiness and peace in family life as well. Only an educated
woman can keep the happiness, peace, income and prosperity of the
world in order. Today’s children are the leaders of tomorrow. And we want
an ideal mother to raise these children. If children do not develop into
ideals, the nation will soon be destroyed. Women’s education needed to
raise an ideal child as an ideal mother. Women’s education is invaluable in
gifting an educated nation to the next generation and improving national
life.

The Importance of Learning English

English being an International Language dominates all over the world. It is

the only language to communicate with other countries internationally.
Hence arises the question of Communicative English. Communicative
English means to express oneself willingly. It refers to the ability to use a lan-

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guage in an appropriate way in different circumstances. There are two
ways of developing communicative competence in a language. The first is
the acquisition which is similar to the way people develop their ability in
their mother tongue. It is a natural subconscious process in which users are
not usually aware of acquiring a language. They are aware only of the fact
that they are using a language to communicate. In non- technical terms
acquisition is picking up a language spontaneously. The second way of
developing communicative competence in a language is learning that
language. It also refers to conscious knowledge of a language knowing
the rules of language use, being aware of using them and being able to
talk about them. In non-technical terms learning is to know consciously
about a language. It is described as explicit learning. Language specialists
believe that acquiring a language is more successful and longer lasting
than learning. It needs perseverance, hard working, concentration etc. At
present teachers also encourage the learners of a second language to
practice and experience the language in different situations where they
are involved in communicating with others. A statistical data shows that
about 350 million people speak English as their first language and another
300 million people use it as a second language. English is the official or
semi-official language in more than 60 countries and of many international
organizations. The International Olympic Committee, for example, always
holds meetings in English. English helps the international community and the
business world to communicate across national borders. More than 80% of
all information in the world’s computers is in English. Some companies
provide English language training for their staff. It is a wonder that job
facility often asks for a good working knowledge of English. Many experts
believe that English usually helps them to get good jobs with handsome
salaries. Communicative English has been introduced both at SSC and HSC
levels all over the country. It is a new system so it is taught everywhere in
the country. Questions will be set in accordance with the communicative
style. This system will help the learners establish good communication with
foreign countries. English is an international language. It has an influence all
over the world. A man in any country can speak and write something in
English. It is a particular or specific language to communicate with different
countries. An English knowing person of any country has a great
value/demand in the international business and community as well.
Without the power of vision a man can become blind likewise a man
without an optimum knowledge of English is not nationally and
internationally important. Conscious knowledge of any language except
English may help a man to be important in his own country for it can
express itself to the common people. That’s why teachers encourage

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learners to concentrate on their mother tongue. Mother tongue of any
nation is a limited language within the range and area of the country. Such
a knowledge of English makes a man internationally important. To
communicate with people of other countries needs a good command
over a language especially English. Since it is a predominating language, it
needs a good and long lasting verbal and non-verbal communication that
can easily be established with the learning of English.

Food Adulteration

Food is the basic need for human life. It helps human beings to grow up
and ensures to survive on earth. So, it is called human fuel. But it is a great
regret that these life leading foods are being adulterated indiscriminately.
Basically, vegetables, oil, fruits, fishes, mill, milk products, baby foods, fast
food, are being adulterated daily. There are many reasons for food
adulteration. Various food and beverage industries use poisonous
chemicals to keep food fresh look, longer-lasting, and high profit. The main
reason for food adulteration is the endless greed of the immoral and
dishonest businessmen. Human life is less valued to their profit. Different
researches initiated by National Food Safety Laboratories, Food and
Agricultural Organization (FAO), and many health organizations prove that
most of the foods are being adulterated randomly. Adulterated foods
contain harmful substances like DDT, Aldrine, formalin, Chlordane, etc.
which cause many serious diseases such as cancer, liver damage, kidney
failure, heart diseases, high blood pressures, headache, etc. All
adulterated foods are very detrimental to our health and life. It creates
slow poisoning in the body and leads to certain death. So, it is high time to
stop food adulteration anyhow. Though our government has already taken
some positive steps, it is not sufficient. A monitoring cell has to be formed to
monitor the food manufacturing, wholesale, and retail sales sections.
Dishonest businessmen should be identified and punished. After all the
govt. law enforcement agencies, mass media, and common people have
to work through a concerted effort to solve the issue.

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 5

Uses and Abuses of Mobile Phones

Now a day Mobile Phones have become a basic need for us. So Mobile
phones have completely changed the lives of humans for many years.
Mobiles have become widespread all over the world. With the invention of
the mobile phone, the writing of letters has become a history. In addition,
mobile phones also play an anti-social role in mankind. It depends on the
use of it. In summary, we can say that mobile phones have their uses and
misuses that depend entirely on the user. There are lots of uses of mobile
phones. Mobile phones are an integral part of our daily communications.
All mobile phones have the ability to voice and simple text messaging
services. Their small size, relatively low cost, and many uses make these
devices very valuable to advocates who are increasingly using them for
communication and organization. On the other hand mobile phones
especially smartphones are used to watch movies, play games, listening to
music or to browse the internet as well. On the other hand, there are some
disadvantages of mobile phones as well. Teenagers or students are greatly
influenced by the evil side of mobile phones. Instead of using the mobile
phone for their benefits some students or teenagers are seen wasting their
valuable time indulging in listening to songs, playing online games,
spending hours after hours in social networking sites, sending offensive
messages, watching pornographic videos etc. Again some physician
claims that excessive use of mobile phones can be health hazardous. The
Mobile phone is the most popular and useful gadget in the present time.
Though there are a few disadvantages of mobile phones, we cannot deny
the usefulness or necessity of mobile phones in our day to day life.

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 6

Diaspora

Diaspora is a term that means that a group of people is leaving the

homeland and settle down to another place. Movement of people from
homeland to another place is the main thing. Sometimes it does willingly
and sometimes under pressure. Jews people are well known as the first
diaspora people. Abraham was leaving from the homeland of Iraq under
pressurized conditions. Refer to diaspora due to take shelter in Egypt.
Aryans are the second diaspora. They took shelter in the Indian
subcontinent around a thousand years ago from the European homeland.
Many reasons are present behind the diaspora. Force, personal interest,
war, natural harmful calamities, threat or any other unknown reasons are
present behind causing diaspora. People ware partitioned between India
and Pakistan in 1947. Most recently Rohingyas are taking shelter in
Bangladesh from Arakan, Myanmar. It is a very recent issue and religion is
the main reason for the diaspora. Due to globalization, people are spread
out worldwide countries. Settle in UK, USA, Italy, German, Canada, Australia
is terming as very familiar now. More opportunities, better placement,
corruption present in the country, to get higher study and others are the
causes of willing diaspora. Diaspora prefers as a burden for the giving
shelter country. A developed country can manage it. But for the
underdeveloped or developing country, it looks like a burden. For stopping
diaspora worlds’ leaders should aware to stop war, dissimilarities, improving
lifestyle and fulfill peoples’ desires.

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 7

Modern Technology
Technology is the most useful form of science for the general population. In
simple words, technology is when we take the concepts of science and
transform them into gadgets and devices that are useful to us as human
beings. When we look around us, almost everything is a result of or a form
of technology. For example, the device you are using right now is a form of
technology made for communication, or the refrigerator in your kitchen is a
use of science that helps to keep your food fresh and cool. With these
examples, we see how dependent we are on technology and how
important it is for us in our daily lives. It isn’t easy to imagine our lives without
using any form of technology. For the smallest of communications, we tend
to turn to our mobile phones. Even most of the food we eat is packaged in
factories using various technologies. Thus, imagining a life without
technology is impossible. It is not only a fact of life but also a necessity for
all of us. In fact, the smartphone, that is, a mobile phone which can
connect to the internet, is becoming one of the fastest-growing and most
accessible forms of technology around the world. On a smartphone, you

can click photographs, browse the internet, listen to music, and use social
media. With the advent of smartphone technology, the practical purpose
of not only communicating with your friends is met, but also so many others,
as mentioned. Thus, in today’s world, the importance of technology
becomes more and more as the years pass. Scientists have done so much
to advance humans using technology, and we still have a long way to go.

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 8

The Qualities and Duties of an Ideal Student

A student who is sincere to his/her classmates and obedient to his/her

teachers is an ideal student. Actually, he/she must possess some qualities so
that he/she may be followed by other students. The first and foremost duty
of an ideal student is to study hard. She/he should not idle away his/her
time. She/he should be punctual, and disciplined and industrious. He/She
should avoid bad companies. It is also his/her responsibility to help his/her
weaker classmates. He/She should also be cooperative to his/her family.
She/he will never be a self-centered person. He/She must engage
himself/herself in different kinds of social activities for the betterment of the
society as well as the country. An idle student does not confine
himself/herself to the prescribed books only; rather he/she studies many
other reference books to enrich his/her knowledge. He/She never learns
his/her lessons by rote. He/She always takes an active part in other co-
curricular activities of school. These make him/her different from other
students. An ideal student should be polite in his/her behaviour as it
highlights his/her other qualities. He/She must obey his/her elders and love
his/her youngers. I want to be an ideal student. For this, I always try to utilize
my time. I study while it is time for studying and play while it is time for
playing. I am cooperative towards my classmates. I read newspapers,
magazines and other books beside my academic ones.

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 9

The Sundarbans

Sundarbans Mangrove Forest is the largest mangrove forest in the world.

This forest is Situated both Bangladesh and West Bengal, India delineating
to the seaward of the delta. Sundarban is well-known for its rich biodiversity
(both flora and fauna). This mangrove forest is considered the words best
mangrove forest for its natural treasure. The total area of Sundarban is
about of 38,500 sq. km, however, 1/3 of Sundarbans covers with the marshy
canal which spread all across the Sundarban. However, the actual forest
area is 10,000 sq. km of which all most 6,000 sq. km placed I in Bangladesh
and the rest in West Bengal, India. The name of Sundarbans Mangrove
Forest originated from “beautiful jungle” or “beautiful forest”, in the Bengali
language (Sundar means beautiful” and forest means jungle). The name of
the forest might be derived from the Sundari trees which are most common
and dominant tree species in Sundarbans. Alternatively, there are also
some controversies that the name might come from the term Samudraban
or Chandra-bandhe (name of a primitive tribe of that area). However, until
now scientists and people believe that the name came from Sundari trees.
The regularly flooded Sundarbans saltwater swamp forests lie island within
the mangrove forests. The Sundarbans intersected having a complex
network of the tidal canal from the Bay of Bengal, mudflats and small
islands of salt-tolerant mangrove forests. Sundarbans including Sundarban
national park declared as UNESCO world heritage site in 1997. The region is
recognized for the eponymous Royal Bengal Tiger, along with numerous
fauna which includes parrots, spotted deer, crocodiles and snakes. It’s
thought there are around 500 Bengal tigers along with 30,000 spotted deer
in the Sundarbans. Sundarban also selected a Ramsar site on May 21, 1992.
The fertile soils of Sundarban delta got intensive human use for the last
several centuries, this extreme pressure causes the destruction of the
natural condition of Sundarban, converting the forest area into agricultural
land and shrimp cultivation. For more information, around 4 million people
live around the Sundarban and of whom 32% people depend on the
resources of Sundarban mangrove forest directly or indirectly. Over the last
several decades because of added pressure on Sundarban mangrove
forest Royal Bengal Tiger has been losing its natural habitat and being an
endangered species. However, across the Sundarban forest area, Royal
Bengal Tigers act as the defensive barrier against the local intruder.

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 10

Digital Bangladesh

Digital Bangladesh' means digitalizing Bangladesh by ensuring an ICT

based society where information will be available on the line and where all
possible activities of the government and other non-government or semi-
government organizations will be performed using digital technology.
Making a digital Bangladesh was an election manifesto (2008) of Awami
League, one of the leading political parties in Bangladesh. In the 9th
National Parliamentary election, Awami League declared to develop
Bangladesh into a digital country by the next decade. Bangladesh is an
independent country. She achieved her freedom more than 39years ago.
But still she is burdened with many problems like poverty, overpopulation,
unemployment, corruption, food deficit, natural calamities, power crisis
etc. Considering all these, the present government has aimed at making a
Digital Bangladesh to overcome these problems. The motto of Digital
Bangladesh is to establish technology based digital governance, e-
commerce, e-agriculture, e-production, e-education, etc. emphasizing the
overall development of the country and the nation. The benefits of Digital
Bangladesh is many. If we can establish a Digital Bangladesh, corruption
will drastically reduced. Besides, it will save people's time and money and
will make people more enterprising and thus will reduce unemployment
problem. It will connect people with the whole world economically,
politically, socially, academically and even culturally. It will open doors for
the people to improve their conditions. It will also improve banking and
financial activities. Money transfer and transaction of business could be
made within seconds by clicking the mouse of a computer. Agriculture,
health, education, commerce - all these sectors will be highly benefited by
making Bangladesh a Digital one.

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