Forest Resources Management-Related Terms and Definitions

TERM DEFINITION REFERENCES

Aesthetic Value Value of appreciating forest landscapes and amenities that DENR Forest Management
contribute to the art and a person's spiritual, psychological Bureau. Harmonization
and physical well-being Project. Forest Services
Group. 2004.
Afforestation Artificial establishment of forest on lands previously not FAO. 2001. Global Forest
covered with forest vegetation. Resources Assessment 2000
Main Report. FAO Forestry
Paper No. 140. Rome
Agroforest An area that is broadly characterized by combining Proposed Sustainable Forest
agricultural crops with forest crops simultaneously or Management Act. 1999.
sequentially over time through the application of
management practices that are compatible with the logical
climate, topography and slope.
Agroforestry Sustainable management of land, which increases their Proposed Sustainable Forest
productivity by properly combining agricultural crops with Management Act. 1999.
forest crops simultaneously or sequentially over time
through the application of management practices which are
compatible with the local climate, topography and slope
Alienable and Land of the public domain, which has been classified (1) PD 705. Revising PD 389
Disposable Land declared as such and available for disposition. Otherwise Known As the
Revised Forestry Code of the
Philippines. 1975. (2)
Commonwealth Act 141.
Public Land Act. 1945.
Ancestral Domain Area generally belonging to indigenous cultural RA 8371. Indigenous People's
communities/ indigenous peoples (ICCs/IPs) comprising Right Act. 1997.
lands, inland waters, coastal areas occupied or possessed
by ICCs/IPs, by themselves or through their ancestors,
communally or individually since time immemorial,
continuously to the present except when interrupted by
war, force majeure, deceit, stealth, as a consequence of
government projects or any other voluntary dealings
entered into by government and private
individuals/corporations, and which are necessary to
ensure their economic, social and cultural welfare
Ancestral Land Land , subject to property rights within the ancestral RA 8371. Indigenous People's
domain already existing and/or vested upon the effectively Right Act. 1997.
of the Indigenous Peoples' Rights Act of 1997, occupied,
possessed and utilized by individuals, families, clans, who
are members of the ICCs/IPs since time immemorial, by
themselves or through their predecessors-ininterest, under
a claim of individual or traditional group ownership,
continuously to the present except when interrupted by
 war, force majeure , deceit stealth, or as a consequences of
government projects and other voluntary dealings entered
into by the government and private
individuals/corporations, including, but not limited to,
residential lots, rice terraces or paddies, private forests,
swidden farms and tree lots.
Annual Cropland Land cultivated with crops with a growing cycle of up to FAO. 2000. Global Forest
one year, which must be newly sown or planted for further Resources Assessment 2000.
production after harvesting. Rome.
Assisted Natural The process of rehabilitating denuded forest lands by DAO 1991-31. Revised
Regeneration (ANR) taking advantage of trees already growing in the area. This Guidelines for Contract
usually involves the following activities: locating and Reforestation. 1991.
releasing indigenous trees, maintenance, and augmentation
planting and protection.
Bare Are Land not covered by (semi-) natural or artificial cover. FAO. 2001. Global Forest
This includes among others, sand dunes, river wash, lahar- Resources Assessment 2000
laden areas and rocky or stony areas Main Report. FAO Forestry
Paper No. 140. Rome.
Beach Forest A narrow strip of woodland along the sandy and gravelly FAO. 2001. Global Forest
beaches of the seacoast dominated by Terminalia catappa, Resources Assessment 2000
Casuarina equisetifolia, Barringtonia asiatica, Soneratia Main Report. FAO Forestry
caseolaris, Acacia farnesiana and Erythrina orientalis Paper No. 140. Rome.
Biological Diversity The variability among living organism from all sources (1) Convention on
including terrestrial, marine and aquatic ecosystems and Biodiversity. 1993. Philippine
ecological complexes of which they are part. This includes Biodiversity Assessment.
diversity within species, between species and ecosystems. Manila. (2) EFI-CFTD.
Internal Report No. 6 (3) EO
247. Prescribing the
Guidelines and Establishing a
regulatory Framework for the
Prospecting of Biological and
Generic Resources, their
ByProducts and Derivatives,
for Scientific and Commercial
Purposes and other Purposes.
1995.
Biological Resource Includes genetic resources, organism or parts thereof, EO 247. Prescribing the
population, or any other biotic component of ecosystem Guidelines and Establishing a
with actual or potential use or value humanity. regulatory Framework for the
Prospecting of Biological and
Generic Resources, their
ByProducts and Derivatives,
for Scientific and Commercial
Purposes and other Purposes.
1995
Biomass The amount of living matter expressed in terms of weight Ashton-Jones, Nick J. 2001.
 per unit area or unit volume of water. It is total mass of life Ecology Glossary for
in an ecosystem any given time. It is an indicator the Protected Area Managers.
productivity of the ecosystem. Essentials of Protected Area
Management in the
Philippines. Vol. 3. NIPAP,
PAWBDENR. Philippines
Biotic Factor The influence exerted on a habitat by the plant and animal DENR. Policy and Planning
organisms that inhabit an area. Biotic influence includes Office. 2006
grazing, tramping, manuring, predation, parasitism,
migration and territorial behavior patterns of animals.
Botanical Garden Establishment where a collection of wild flora is RA 9147. Wildlife
maintained for recreational, educational, research, Conservation Act. 2001.
conservation of scientific purposes.
Broadleaved Forest Forest with predominance (more than 75 percent of tree FAO. 2001. Global Forest
crown cover) of trees of broadleaved species. Resources Assessment 2000
Main Report. FAO Forestry
Paper No. 140. Rome
Brushland An area characterized by discontinuous cover of shrubby DENR Environmental
and noon wood vegetation including grasses. Management Bureau. 1992.
Philippine Forestry Statistics.
Manila.
Buffer Zone Identified area outside the boundaries of and immediately RA 7586. NIPAS ACT. 1992.
adjacent to designated protected areas that needs special
development control in order to avoid or minimize harm to
the protected area. The buffer zone of twenty meters from
the riverbank or lakeshore or seashore.
Built-Up Area Composed of areas of intensive use with much of the land FAO. 2000. Global Forest
covered by structures. It includes cities, towns, villages, Resources Assessment 2000.
strip developments along highways, transportation, power, Rome.
and communication, facilities, and areas occupied by mills,
shopping centers, etc.
Canopy A continuous cover of branches and foliage formed (1) Canadian Forestry Service
collectively by the crowns of adjacent trees consisting of Science and Technology
one several layers. Program. Glossary of Terms.
2002. (2) Helms, J.A. 1998.
Dictionary of Forestry.
Society of American Foresters
Carrying Capacity The amount of use an area can sustain for recreation, European Forest Institute.
wildlife, etc., without deteriorating its quality and Country Dialogue Workshop
sustainability. Programme Glossary of
Terms. EFI-CFTD Internal
Report No. 6
Certificate Of An agreement entered into by and between the government DAO 2004-29. Revised Rules
Stewardship and individuals/families actually occupying or tilling and Regulations fir the
portions of the forestlands covered by community based Implementation of Executive
forest management agreement. Order 263 or Community
 Based Forest Management
Strategy. 2004.
Clearcutting The removal of all timber species on a designated forest DAO 1993-28. Conduct
stands during one cutting season; usually prescribed for Residual Forest Inventory in
harvesting of plantations. areas Logged by Active TLA
Holders within their Operable
Second Growth Forests. 1993.
Climate The positive influence of forest on the climate change DENR Forest Management
Amelioration Bureau. Harmonization
Project. Forest Services
Group. 2004.
Climate Change A condition attributed directly or indirect to human activity United Nations Framework
that alters the composition of global atmosphere and which Convention on Climate
is, in addition to natural climate variability, observed over Change. 1992.
comparable time periods
Climax Forest The final stage of successional development on a forest site (1) FAO. 2000. Global Forest
under specific climatic and other environmental conditions, Resources Assessment 2000.
leading to a more or less stable equilibrium underlying Rome. (2) EFI-CFTD. Terms
only minor changes in species composition. and Definitions in EFI-CFTD
Internal Report No. 6.
Closed Broadleaved Forest plantation where the crown cover is greater or equal FAO. 2000. Global Forest
Plantation Forest to 70% of the area. Resources Assessment 2000
Main Report. FAO Forestry
Paper No. 140. Rome.
Closed Forest Formation where tress in various storey and undergrowth FAO. 2001. Global Forest
cover a high proportion (>40 percent) of the ground and do Resources Assessment 2000
not have a continuous dense grass layer. They are either Main Report. FAO Forestry
managed or unmanaged forest, in advance state of Paper No. 140. Rome.
succession and may have been logged over one or more
times, having kept their characteristics of forest stands,
possibly with modified structure and composition.
Co-Dominant Trees Trees with crowns forming the general level of crown Siapno, I. B. 1970 Handbook
cover and receiving full light from above but on Selective Logging, Manila.
comparatively little from sides.
Communal Forest A tract of forest land set aside by the Secretary of the DENR-DILG Join
DENR upon the recommendation of the concerned local Memorandum Circular 98-01.
government unit for the use of the residents of a Manual of Procedures for
municipality or city DENR-LGU Partnership of
Development and Other
Forest Management
Functions. 1998.
Community Based An agreement entered into by and between the government DAO 2004-29. Revised Rules
Forest Management and the local community, represented by people's and Regulations fir the
Agreement organization, as forest managers, which has a term of Implementation of Executive
(CBFMA) twenty 25 years renewable for another twenty 25 years. Order 263 or Community
Based Forest Management
 Strategy. 2004.
Community Based Any forest development program which adopts the CBFM DAO 2004-29. Revised Rules
Forest Management strategy as its core concept. and Regulations fir the
Program (CBFMP) Implementation of Executive
Order 263 or Community
Based Forest Management
Strategy. 2004.
Community Based The strategy to improve the well-being of forestdependent DAO 2004-29. Revised Rules
Forest Management communities, and at the same time ensure sustainable and Regulations fir the
Strategy (CBFMS) management, rehabilitation and protection of forest lands Implementation of Executive
and the resources therein, through the active participation Order 263 or Community
of various stakeholders. Based Forest Management
Strategy. 2004.
Community A strategic plan of the community on how to manage and DAO 2004-29. Revised Rules
Resources benefit from the forest resources on sustainable basis. It and Regulations fir the
Management describes the community's long term visions, aspirations, Implementation of Executive
Framework commitments and strategies for the protection, Order 263 or Community
rehabilitation, development and utilization of forest Based Forest Management
resources Strategy. 2004.
Coniferous Forest Forest with predominance (more than 75 percent of tree FAO. 2001. Global Forest
crown cover) of trees of coniferous species. Resources Assessment 2000
Main Report. FAO Forestry
Paper No. 140. Rome
Conservation Protection of plant and animal habitat including the Helms, J. A. 1998. The
management of renewable natural resource with the dictionary of Forestry. Society
objective of sustaining its productivity in perpetuity while of American Foresters.
providing for human use compatible with sustainability of
the resources.
Co-Production An agreement entered into by and between a qualified Proposed Sustainable Forest
Agreement person's and the government for the former to develop, Management Act. 1999.
utilized and manage consistent with the principle of
sustainable development, a specified portion of the
forestland.
Cultivated Land Land not classified as forest or other wooded land used by FAO. 2001. Global Forest
man for agriculture or pastures. Resources Assessment 2000
Main Report. FAO Forestry
Paper No. 140. Rome.
Cutting Cycle The number of years between major harvests in the same PD 705 Revising PD 389,
working unit and region within a rotation. Otherwise Known as the
Revised Forestry Code of the
Philippines. 1975.
Deforestation The conversion of forest to another land use or the long- FAO. 2001. Global Forest
term reduction of the tree canopy cover below the Resources Assessment 2000
minimum 10% threshold. Main Report. FAO Forestry
Paper No. 140. Rome.
Degradation A decline in the productivity of an area of land or in its Gilpin, A. 1996. Dictionary of
ability to support natural ecosystems or types of Environment and Sustainable
agriculture. Development. England. John
Wiley and Sons Ltd.
Desertification The progressive destruction of a vegetative cover that will Helms, J. A. 1998. The
lead in formation of dry land condition. dictionary of Forestry. Society
of American Foresters.
Dipterocarp Forest A forest dominated by at least 50% Dipterocarp species. PD 705 Revising PD 389,
Otherwise Known as the
Revised Forestry Code of the
Philippines. 1975.
Dominant Trees Trees with crowns extending above the general level of the Helms, J. A. 1998. The
crown cover and receiving full light from above and from dictionary of Forestry. Society
the sides: larger that the average trees in the stand with of American Foresters.
crowns well-developed
Economic An intervention designed to influence the behavior of those FAO. 2001. Global Forest
Instrument who highly regard the natural environment, utilize it or Resources Assessment 2000
cause adverse impacts as a side effect of their activities, Main Report. FAO Forestry
e.g. user's fee, forest charges, performance bonds, user's Paper No. 140. Rome
right, etc.
Ecosystem The capacity of an ecosystem to maintain its composition, USDA Forest Service.
Sustainability function, and structure over time, thus maintaining the Available:http://
productivity of the land and diversity of plants and www.fs.fed.us.
animals.
Ecotourism Form of sustainable tourism within a natural and cultural National Symposium on
heritage area where community participation, protection Ecotourism. 1994.
and management of natural resources, culture and Philippines.
indigenous knowledge and practices, environmental
education and ethics as well as economics.
Ecozone or Special Selected area with highly developed, or which have the NEDA. 2002. National
Zone potential to be developed into, agroindustrial, tourist Framework for Physical
recreational, commercial, banking investment and financial Planning
centers whose meters and bounds are fixed or determined
by Presidential proclamation.
Encroachment The act or action of using forest land contrary to the FAO. 2000. Global Forest
provisions provided for in forestry laws and regulations Resources Assessment 2000.
with regard to forest land uses. Rome.
Enrichment Planting The introduction of valuable species in forest areas, where Agpaoa, A. et.al. 1976.
economical species are lacking. Manual of Reforestation and
Erosion Control for the
Philippines, Manila.
Equity Equal opportunity to resource utilization and sharing of DENR Forest Management
benefits derived there from. Bureau. Harmonization
Project. Forest Services
Group. 2004.
Even-aged Forest Stand of trees in which there are only small differences in DENR. Forest Management
 age among individual trees. Bureau. Harmonization
Project. Project Expert Group,
2005.
Experimental Forest Forest land set aside by the DENR Secretary exclusively DAO 1987-42. Experimental
for scientific, educational and research purposes. Forest Regulations. 1987.
Ex-Situ The conservation of components of biological diversity Convention of Biological
Conservation outside their natural habitats Diversity. 2002.
Fallow A woody vegetation resulting from the clearing of natural FAO. 2001. Global Forest
forest for shifting agriculture. It is an intermediate class Resources Assessment 2000
between forest and non-forest land uses. Part of the area Main Report. FAO Forestry
which is not under cultivation may have the appearance of Paper No. 140. Rome.
a secondary forest.
Forest Land with an area of more than 0.5 hectare and tree crown FAO. 2000. Global Forest
cover (or equivalent stocking level) of more than 10%. The Resource Assessment 2000.
trees should be able to reach a minimum height of 5 meters Rome.
at maturity in situ. It consist either of closed forest
formations where trees of various storeys and undergrowth
cover a high proportion of the ground or open formations
with a continuous vegetation cover in which tree crown
cover exceeds 10%. Young natural stands and all
plantations established for forestry purposes, which have
yet to reach a crown density of more than 10% or tree
height of 5 meters are included under forest.
Forest Biome Reflects the ecological and physiognomic characteristics of Proceedings of the Second
the vegetation and broadly corresponds to climatic regions Expert Meeting on
of the earth. In this document, it is used in reference to Harmonizing Forest-Related
boreal, temperature and tropical forest biomes. Definitions for Use by
Various Stakeholders. Rome.
11-13 September 2002.
Forest Biological The variability among forest living organisms and the FAO. Experts Meeting on
Diversity ecological processes of which they are part. It includes Harmonizing Forest-related
diversity in forest within species, and ecosystems and Definitions. 2003.
landscapes.
Forest Charges Levies imposed by the government on naturallygrowing DENR Forest Management
timber and other forest products cut/harvested by the Bureau 2003. Philippine
licenses and from plantations established by compliance Forestry Statistics. Manila.
with Timber License Agreement (TLA) reforestation
obligations. The rate of which is provided under Section
70, 71 and 72 of R.A. 716, otherwise known as the Forest
Charges Law.
Forest Concession Any tract of forestland under license agreement, lease, or DENR Forest Management
permit. Bureau 2003. Philippine
Forestry Statistics. Manila
Forest Cover Natural and man-made forests, including forests within FAO. 2000. Global Forest
wetlands and built-up areas Resource Assessment 2000.
Rome
Forest Degradation Changes within the forest whether natural or human- DENR Forest Management
induced which negatively affect the structure of function of Bureau. Harmonization
the stand or site, and thereby lower the capacity to supply Project. Land Use Group.
products and/or services resulting to a degraded forest. 2004.

Forest Disturbance Any relatively discrete event in time that disrupts Helms, J. A. 1998. The
ecosystem, community or population structure and changes Dictionary of Forestry.
resources, substrate availability, of the physical Society of American Foresters
environment.
Forest Ecosystem A dynamic complex of plant, animal and microorganism FAO. Experts Meeting on
communities and their abiotic environment interacting as a Harmonizing Forest-related
functional unit, where trees are a key component of the Definitions. 2003.
system. Humans, with their cultural, economic and
environmental needs are integrated.
Forest (1) Break up of a forest landscape by various forest and (1) Helms, J. A. 1998. The
Fragmentation non-forest uses. (2) Any process that results in the Dictionary of Forestry.
conversion of formerly continuous forest into patches of Society of American
forest separated by non-forest lands. Foresters. (2) Proceedings of
the Second Expert Meeting on
Harmonizing ForestRelated
Definitions for Use by
Various Stakeholders. Rome.
11- 13 September 2002
Forest Improvement Changes within the forest, which positively affect the FAO. 2000. Global Forest
structure or function of the stand or site, and thereby Resource Assessment 2000.
increase the capacity to supply products and services. Rome.
Forest Influences All the modifying effects of forest cover on the Helms, J. A. 1998. The
environment, particularly on water supplies, soil, and Dictionary of Forestry.
microclimate. Society of American
Foresters.
Forestland Includes public forest, permanent forest or forest reserves, PD 1559. Further Amending
and forest reservations. PD 705,otherwise Known as
The Revised Forestry Code of
the Philippines. 1978.
Forest Land Grazing A production sharing agreement between a qualified DAO. 1999-36. Revised
Management person, association and/or corporation and the government Rules and Regulations
Agreement to develop, manage and utilize grazing lands. Governing the
Administration, Management,
Development and Disposition
of Forest Lands Used for
Grazing Purposes. 1999.
Forest Management The process of planning and implementing practices for FAO. Global Forest
stewardship and use of forest land aimed at fulfilling Resources Assessment 2003.
relevant ecological, economic, and social function of the Rome.
forest in a sustainable manner.
Forest Management A clearly defined forest area, managed under a set of FAO. Global Forest
Unit objectives and according to a long-term management plan. Resources Assessment 2002.
Rome.
Forest Occupant A person actually and directly occupying and/or cultivating DAO. 1988-75. Guidelines
forest land including civil, military and other forest and Procedures on the
reservations. Inventory of Forest
Occupants. 1988.
Forest Products Goods and services derived from the forest such as but not DAO. 1987-80. Regulations
limited to timber, lumber, veneer, plywood, fiberboard, Governing the Measurement,
pulpwood, firewood, bark, tree top, resin gum, wood oil, Assessment and Payment of
honey, beeswax, nipa, rattan or other forest growth such as Forest Charges on Timber and
grass, shrub and flowering plant, the associated water, fish, Other Forest Products. 1987.
game, scenic, historical, and educational.
Forest Productivity The rate at which biomass is produced per unit area by any DAO. 1987-80. Regulations
class of organisms or the relative capacity of an area to Governing the Measurement,
sustain a supply of goods or services in the long run. Assessment and Payment of
Forest Charges on Timber and
Other Forest Products. 1987.
Forest Regulation The technical aspect of controlling stock, harvest growth, Helms, J. A. 1998. The
and yields to meet a certain management objective. Dictionary of Forestry.
Society of American
Foresters.
Forest Reservation Forest land which has been reserved by the President of the PD 705 Revising PD 389,
Philippines for any specific purpose or purposes. Otherwise Known as The
Revised Forestry Code of the
Philippines. 1975.
Forest Reserve Land of the public domain which has been a subject of the PD 1559. Further Amending
present system of classification and declared to be needed PD 705,otherwise Known as
for forest purposes. Also known as Permanent Forest. The Revised Forestry Code of
the Philippines. 1978.
Forest Resources Includes soil and all elements found on it, above and below DAO. 2000-65 – Guidelines
the ground in an area classified as forest land. Governing the Creation of
Sub project Sites
Management Office and It's
Institutionalization in the
forestry Sector Project
Implementation. 2000.
Forest Resources The application of integrated and sustainable development, DAO. 2000-65 – Guidelines
Management regulation, production and conservation strategies for each Governing the Creation of
of the different forest resources. Sub project Sites
Management Office and It's
Institutionalization in the
forestry Sector Project
Implementation. 2000.
Forest Restoration A management strategy applied in degraded primary forest Proceedings of the Second
to enhance and accelerate natural processes of forest Expert Meeting on
regeneration in order to regain the elastic capacity of the Harmonizing Forest-Related
 forest ecosystem. Definitions for Use by
Various Stakeholders. Rome.
11-13 September 2002.
Forest Services Services that forests provide (economic and ecological) to http://www.forest-trends.org/
people, plants and animals. Key services and biodiversity,
ecotourism, forest carbon, and watershed protection.
Forest Type A community with generally similar species composition, Proceedings of the Second
structure and function. Expert Meeting on
Harmonizing Forest-Related
Definitions for Use by
Various Stakeholders. Rome.
11-13 September 2002.
Forested Wetlands Forested wetland growing along tidal mudflats and along DENR Forest Management
shallow water coastal areas extending inland along rivers, Bureau. Harmonization
streams and their tributaries where the water is generally Project. Project Expert Group.
brackish and composed mainly of Rhizopora, Bruguiera, 2005.
Ceriops, Avicenia, Aegicera spp
Forestry The profession embracing the science, art and practice of Helms, J. A. 1998. The
creating, managing, using and conserving forests and Dictionary of Forestry.
associated resources for human benefit in a sustainable Society of American
manner to meet desired goals, needs and values. Foresters.
Game Refuge A forest land designated for the protection of game PD 1559. Further Amending
animals, birds and fish, and closed to hunting and fishing PD 705,otherwise Known as
in order that the excess population may flow and restock The Revised Forestry Code of
surrounding areas. the Philippines. 1978.
Geographic An integrated system of hardware, software, personnel and DENR Forest Management
Information System procedures for the capture, storage, analysis, manipulation Bureau. Harmonization
(GIS) and display of graphically referenced data for decision Project. Project Expert Group.
making. 2005.
Grassland Areas predominantly vegetated with grasses such as Interagency Task Force on
Imperata , Themada, Saccharum spp ., among others Geographic Information
Resolution No. 1 Series of
1995.
Grazing Land Portion of the public domain which has been set aside, in PD 1559. Further Amending
view of its topography and vegetation, for the raising of PD 705, Otherwise Known as
livestock. The Revised Forestry Code of
the Philippines. 1978.
Habitat Management A portion of the protected area which has significant (1) RA 7586. NIPAS Act.
Zone habitat and species values where management practices are 1992. (2) DAO 1992-25. IRR
required periodically to maintain specific non- climax of NIPAS Act. 1992.
habitat types or conditions required by rare, threatened or
endangered species. Examples would be forest openings
for the tamaraw or brushy forest for the Philippine tarsier.
Human habitation and sustainable use may be allowed if
they play a habitat management role.
INDIGENOUS A group of people of homogenous societies identified by RA 8371. Indigenous Peoples
CULTURAL selfascription ascription by others, who have continuously Rights Act. 1997.
COMMUNITIES/ lived as organized community on communally bounded
INDIGENOUS and defined territory, and who have, under claims of
PEOPLES ownership since time immemorial, occupied, possessed
(ICCs/IPs) and utilize such territories, sharing common bonds of
language, customs, traditions and other distinctive cultural
traits, or who have, through resistance to political, social
and cultural in-roads of colonization, non-indigenous
religions and cultures, became historically differentiated
from the majority of the Filipinos. ICCs/IPs shall likewise
include people who are regarded as indigenous on account
of their descent from the populations which inhabited the
country, at the time of conquest or colonization, or at the
time of inroads of non-indigenous religious religions and
cultures, or the establishment of present state boundaries,
who retain some or all of their own social, economic,
cultural and political institutions, but who may have
resettled outside their ancestral domains.
Indigenous Systems, institutions, mechanisms, and technologies RA 8371. Indigenous Peoples
Knowledge Systems comprising a unique body of knowledge evolved through Rights Act. 1997.
and Practices time that embody patterns of relationships between and
among people and between people, their lands and
resource environment, including such spheres of
relationships which may include social, political, cultural,
economic, religious spheres, and which are the direct
outcome of the indigenous people's responses to certain
needs consisting of adaptive mechanisms which have
allowed indigenous people to survive and thrive within
their given socio-cultural and biophysical conditions
Industrial Forest Any tract of land planted mainly to timber producing DAO 1999-53 – Regulations
Plantation species, including rubber, and/or nontimber species such as Governing the Integrated
rattan and bamboo, primarily to supply the raw material Forest Management Program.
requirements of existing or proposed wood processing 1999.
plants and related industries.
In-Situ Conservation Conditions where genetic resources exist within Convention of Biological
ecosystems and natural habitats, and in the case of Diversity. 2002.
domesticated or cultivated species, in the surroundings
where they have developed their distinctive properties.
Integrated Forest An agreement entered into by the DENR and a qualified DAO 1999-53 – Regulations
Management person to occupy and possess in consideration of a Governing the Integrated
(IFMA) specified rental, any forestland of the public domain in Forest Management Program.
order to establish as industrial forest 1999.
Integrated Social The national program provided for by Letter of Instructions DAO 1991-04. Revised
Forestry (LOI) No. 1260 designated to maximize land productivity Regulations Governing
and enhance ecological stability, and to improve the Integrated Social Forestry
socioeconomic conditions of forest occupants and Program. 1991.
 communities.
Integrated The development and management of forest and EO 318. Programming
Watershed forestlands including the coastal forest in a holistic, Sustainable Forest
Management (WEM scientific, right-based, technologybased, community- based Management in the
Approach) and collaborative manner for the highest and widest public Philippines. 2004
benefit and based on the inherent productive capacity and
sustainable use of these resources for the present and future
generations.
Kaingin A portion of the forest land, whether occupied or not which PD 1559. Further Amending
is subjected to shifting and/or permanent slash-and-burn PD 705, Otherwise Known as
cultivation having little or no provision to prevent soil The Revised Forestry Code of
erosion. the Philippines. 1978.
Kaingin Making A farming system based on shifting, or slash and burn DENR. 1999.Guidelines for
clearing of forest for the planting of agricultural and agro- Watershed Management and
forestry crops. Development in the
Philippines. Manila.
Land Resources both man-made and natural, found on the Alvarez, H.. House Bill No.
surface, below, and above the ground including inland 170. An Act Providing for the
waters and the air therein. National Land Use Code of
the Philippines and for Other
Purposes. 1998.
Land Classification A system for determining land of the public domain into NEDA. 2002. National
forest land, mineral land, national parks, and agricultural Framework for Physical
land based on the 1987 Constitution. In current practice, Planning.
land of the public domain are classified into either forest
land and alienable & disposable land
Land Cover The observed physical and biological cover of the earth's FAO. 1999. Global Forest
land, as vegetation and man-made features. Resources Assessment. Rome.
Land Use The manner of utilizing the land, including its allocation, RA 8435. Agricultural
development and management. Fisheries Modernization Act.
1997.
Land Use Allocation The classification procedure that signifies the degree of Andersen. 1987. Land
suitability of a particular land unit. Evaluation and Decision
Support. Chapter 2.
Land Use The process of delineating or allocating lands according to Alvarez, H.. House Bill No.
Classification protection, production, settlements, and infrastructure. 170. An Act Providing for the
National Land Use Code of
the Philippines and for Other
Purposes. 1998.
Land Use The process of changing the current use of a piece (1) NEDA. 2002. National
Conversion of land into other uses. Framework for Physical
Planning. (2) Alvarez, H..
House Bill No. 170. An Act
Providing for the National
Land Use Code of the
Philippines and for Other
 Purposes. 1998.
Land Use Plan A document containing a set of policies embodying the (1) NEDA. 2002. National
desired pattern of population distribution, allocation of Framework for Physical
plan to various land use activities, and the social economic Planning. (2) Alvarez, H..
activities of the people. House Bill No. 170. An Act
Providing for the National
Land Use Code of the
Philippines and for Other
Purposes. 1998.
Managed Forest A forest under a deliberate system of protection, DAO 1999-53 – Regulations
rehabilitation and development which may include Governing the Integrated
utilization of resources, to ensure the sustainable Forest Management Program.
production of desired products and services and the 1999.
conservation of soil, water, wildlife and other resources
therein.
Mangrove Forest Forested wetland growing along tidal mudflats and along (1) Center for International
shallow water coastal areas extending inland along rivers, Forestry Research. (2) PD 705
streams and their tributaries where the water is generally Revising PD 389, Otherwise
brackish and composed mainly of Rhizopora, Bruguiera, Known as The Revised
Ceriops, Avicenia, and Aegicera spp Forestry Code of the
Philippines. Section 2. 1975.
Medium Closed Forest plantation where the crown cover is at least 40% of FAO. 2001. Global Forest
Broad-Leaved the area and less than 70%. Resources Assessment 2000
Plantation Forest Main Report. FAO Forestry
Paper No. 140. Rome.
Mineral Land Any area where mineral resources are found. RA 7942. An Act Instituting a
New System of Mineral
Resource Exploration on
Development, Utilization and
Conservation. 1995.
Mixed Forest Forest in which none of the species groups such as conifer, FAO. 2001. Global Forest
broad-leaved, bamboo and palm account for more than Resources Assessment 2000
75%of the tree cover. Main Report. FAO Forestry
Paper No. 140. Rome.
Model Forest An approach that helps various stakeholders recognize the International Model Forest
impact of their activities on the land base and develop a Network. 2002. Spreading the
shared understanding of sustainable forest management. Seeds for a Sustainable Future
Mossy Forest Forest stand found principally on high elevations and very DENR Forest Management
rough mountainous regions characterized by steep ridges. Bureau. 1998. Natural Forest
The trees are mostly dwarf with stem and branches usually Resources of the Philippines.
covered by epiphytes (moss) and dominated by Philippine-German Forest
Podocarpaceae, Myrtaceae, and Fagaceae. Resources Inventory Project
Report.
Multiple Use The harmonized utilization of land, soil, water , wildlife, PD 1559. Further Amending
recreation value, grass and timber of forest lands. PD 705, Otherwise Known as
The Revised Forestry Code of
 the Philippines. 1978.
Multiple-Use Zones A portion of the protected areas where settlement, (1) RA 7586. NIPAS Act.
traditional and/or sustainable land use , including 1992. (2) DAO 1992-25. IRR
agriculture, agroforestry, extraction activities and other of NIPAS Act. 1992.
income generating or livelihood activities, may be allowed
as prescribed in the management plan.
Expanded National The classification and administration of all designated REPUBLIC ACT No. 11038.
Integrated Protected protected areas to maintain essential ecological processes ENIPAS Act of 2018
Areas Systems and life-support systems, preserve genetic diversity, ensure
(ENIPAS) sustainable use of resources found therein, and maintain
their natural conditions to the greater extent possible.
National Park A forest reservation essentially of natural wilderness RA 7586. NIPAS Act 1992.
character which has been withdrawn from settlement,
occupancy or any form of exploitation except in
conformity with approved management plan and set aside
as such exclusive to conserve the area, preserve the
scenery, the natural and historic objects, wild animals and
plants therein, and provide enjoyment of these physical
features in such areas.
Natural Forest Forest composed of indigenous trees, not planted by man. FAO. 2001. Global Forest
Resources Assessment 2000
Main Report. FAO Forestry
Paper No. 140. Rome.
Old Growth Forest A primary natural forest, sometimes referred to as virgin DENR Forest Management
forest, never been modified of which the composition, Bureau. harmonization
structure and function has not been altered. Areas that are Project. Land Use Group and
identified initial components of the National Protected Harmonization Group. 2004.
Areas System of 1992.
Open Broadleaved Forest plantation where the crown cover is between 10% to FAO. 2001. Global Forest
Plantation Forest 40% of the area. Resources Assessment 2000
Main Report. FAO Forestry
Paper No. 140. Rome.
Open Forest Formations with discontinuous tree layer with coverage of FAO. 2001. Global Forest
at least 10% and less than 40%. They are either managed Resources Assessment 2000
or unmanaged forests, in initial state of succession. Main Report. FAO Forestry
Paper No. 140. Rome.
Other Land Land with tree cover, less than 5%. It includes agricultural FAO. 2001. Global Forest
land, pastures, built- up areas, bare areas, grassland, etc. Resources Assessment 2000
Main Report. FAO Forestry
Paper No. 140. Rome.
Other Land with The land primarily not under forest having more than 0.5 FAO. 2001. Global Forest
Tree Cover hectare with a canopy cover of more than 10% of trees at Resources Assessment 2000
maturity. It includes urban parks and gardens. Main Report. FAO Forestry
Paper No. 140. Rome.
Other Wooded Land Lands either with a crown cover (or equivalent stocking FAO. 2001. Global Forest
level) of 5-10% of trees able to reach a height of 5 meters Resources Assessment 2000
 at maturity; or a crown cover (or equivalent stocking level) Main Report. FAO Forestry
of more than 10% not able to reach a height of 5 meters at Paper No. 140. Rome.
maturity (e.g. dwarfed or stunted trees); or with shrubs or
bush cover of more than 10%.
Pasture Land A grazing land planted to improved grasses, forage, and DENR Forest Management
fodder for animal consumption. Bureau. Harmonization
Project. Expert Group. 2005.
People's A group of people, which may be an association, DAO. 1996-29. Rules and
Organization cooperative, federation, or other legal entity, established by Regulation for the
the community to undertake collective action to address Implementation of Executive
community concerns and need, and mutually share the Order 263, Otherwise Known
benefits from the endeavor. as the Community Based
Forest Management Strategy.
1996.
Pine Fores Forest stand composed primarily of native pine species, DENR. Ecosystems Research
e.g., Pinus kesiya and the Pinus merkusii. Development Bureau.
Plantation Forest Forest stands established by planting or seeding in the FAO. 2001. Global Forest
process of afforestation or reforestation. Resources Assessment 2000.
Main Report. FAO Forestry
Paper No. 140. Rome.
Production Forest Forest lands that can be made available for timber and Alvarez, H. House Bill No.
agroforestry production, range lands for grazing, and other 170. An Act Providing for the
forest lands special uses. National Land Use Code of
the Philippines and for other
Purposes. 1998.
Protected Area An identified portion of hand and water set aside by reason RA 7586 Nipas act 1992.
of their unique physical and biological significance,
managed to enhance biological diversity and protected
against destructive human exploitation.
Protected Area An agreement entered into by and between the DENR and
Community Based- the organized tenured migrant communities or interested
Resource indigenous people in protected areas and buffer zones
Management which has a term of 25 years; renewable for another 25
Agreement ( years.
PACBRMA)
Protected Area A decision-making body created by RA 7586, which RA 9147. Wildlife
Management Board exercises jurisdiction over a protected area within its are of Conservation Act. 2001.
(PAMB) responsibility.
Protection Forest An area wholly or partly covered with woody vegetation DAO 1995-15. Revised
managed primarily for its beneficial effects on water, General Guidelines in the
climate, soil, aesthetic value and preservation of genetic Implementation of the Sub
diversity. classification of Forestlands
and other Inalienable Lands of
the Public Domain. 1995.
Public Forest Land of the public domain which has not been the subject PD 1559. Further Amending
of the present system of classification for the determination PD 705, Otherwise known as
 of which lands are needed for forest purposes and which the Revised Forestry Code of
are not. the Philippines. 1978.
Pure Stand A stand in which a certain percentage, or instance at least SAF-USA. 1989.
80% of the trees in the main crown canopy consist of a Recommended Changes in
single species. Silviculture Terminology as
cited in EFI-CFTD, Internal
report No.6.
Rangeland Land on predominantly covered with grasses or shrubs http://www.about.com/
suitable for grazing.
Reforestation The establishment of forest plantations on temporarily FAO. 2001. Global Forest
unstocked lands that are considered as forest. Also called Resources Assessment 2000.
as artificial regeneration. Main Report. FAO Forestry
Paper No. 140. Rome.
Resource Reserve An extensive and relatively isolated uninhabited area (1) RA 7586. NIPAS Act.
normally with difficult access designated as such to protect 1992. (2)DAO 1992-25 IRR
natural resources of the area for future use, and to prevent of NIPAS Act.(1992)
or contain development activities that could affect the
resource pending the establishment of objectives which are
based upon appropriate knowledge and planning.
Restoration Zone A portion of the protected area comprising of degraded (1) RA 7586. NIPAS Act.
habitat where the long term goal will be to restore natural 1992. (2)DAO 1992-25 IRR
habitat with its associated biodiversity and to rezone the of NIPAS Act.(1992)
area to a more strict protection level.
Shrubland Land where the dominant woody vegetation are shrubs, FAO. 2001. Global Forest
generally of more than 0.5 meter and less than 5 meters in Resources Assessment 2000.
height in maturity and without a definite crown. The Main Report. FAO Forestry
growth habit can be erect, spreading or prostate. The height Paper No. 140. Rome.
limits for trees and shrubs should be interpreted with
flexibility, particularly the minimum tree and maximum
shrub height, which may vary between 5 to 7 meters
approximately
Soil and Water A field of human endeavor included in the concept of DENR. 1999. Guidelines for
Conservation "watershed management" but specifically devoted to the Watershed Management and
effective use of water resource for human good Development in the
Philippines. Manila.
Sustainable Development that meets the needs of the present without http://www.unstat.un.org./uns
Development compromising the ability of future generations to meet d/environmentgl
their own needs.
Sustainable Forest The process of managing a forest to achieve one or more (1) ITTO. 2005. Criteria and
Management clearly specified objectives of management with regard to Indicators for Sustainable
production of a continuous flow of desired forest products Management of Natural
and services without undue reduction of its inherent values Tropical Forests. (2) FAO.
and future productivity and without undesirable effects on Global Forest Resources
the physical and social environment. Assessment 2002. Rome.
Sustainable Rights of ICCs/IPs to (i) pursue their economic, social, and RA 8371. Indigenous People
Traditional Resource cultural development; (ii) promote and protect the integrity Rights Act. of 1997. 1997.
Use Rights of their values, practices and institutions; and (iii)
determine, use, and control their own organizational and
community leadership systems, institutions, relationships,
patterns and processes for decision making and
participation such as Council of Elders, Bodong Holders.
Dap-ay, Ator, Council of Mangkatdaong, or any other
body of similar nature.
Sustainable Use The use of the components of biological diversity in a way DAO 1999-45. Rules and
and at a rate that does not lead to a long-term decline Regulations on the Sale and
thereby maintaining its potential to meet the needs and Farming of Saltwater
aspirations of present and future generations. Crocodile (Crocodylus
porossus). 1999.
Sustainable Use A portion of the protected area comprising of natural areas (1) RA 7586. NIPAS Act
Zone where the habitat and its associated biodiversity shall be 1992. (2)DAO 1992-25. IRR
conserved consistent with the management plan and with of NIPAS Act. 1992.
PAMB approval: (i) indigenous community members
and/or tenured migrants and/or buffer zone residents may
be allowed to collect and utilize natural resources using
traditional sustainable methods that are not in conflict with
biodiversity conservation requirements; (ii) research,
including the reintroduction of indigenous species, may be
allowed limited use, Provided, no clearing, farming,
settlement, commercial utilization or other activities
detrimental to biodiversity conservation shall be
undertaken. The level of allowable activity can be expected
to vary from one situation to another
Sustained Yield The yield that a forest can produce continuously at a given Helms, John A. 1998. The
intensity of management. Dictionary of Forestry.
Society of American
Foresters.
Sustained Yield A continuous or periodic production of forest products in a PD 1559. Further Amending
Management working unit for the purpose of achieving at the earliest PD 705, Otherwise Known as
practicable time an approximate balance between growth the Revised Forestry Code of
and harvest or use. the Philippines. 1978.
Tenure Guaranteed peaceful possession and use of specific forest DAO 1996-29 - Rules and
and land area and the resources found therein, covered by Regulations for the
an agreement, contract or grant which cannot be altered or Implementation of Executive
abrogated without due process. Order 263, Otherwise Known
as the Community Based
Forest Management Strategy.
1996.
Tropical Forest Any type of forest within the tropics of Cancer and DENR Forest Management
Capricorn. Bureau. Harmonization
Project. Expert Group. 2005.
Tropical Rainforest A type of forest found in areas with high regular rainfall http://www.psdn.org.ph/
and no more than two months of low rainfall, and
 consisting of a completely closed canopy of trees that
prevents penetration of sunlight to the ground and
discourages groundcover growth.
Uneven-Aged Forest A forest which is not regularly managed and have an FAO. 1994 & Waldbauliche
increment in volume less than 1 m³/ha/year in the Terminologies 1980
foreseeable future. Generally, the term also includes IUFROGruppe Okosystem,
protection forest in critical watersheds Institute for WaldbauIn cited
in EFICFTD, Internal Report
No.6.
Water Resources Refers to the quality and quantity of water produced DENR. 1999. Guidelines for
naturally as one of the Earth's major resources. Watershed Management and
Development in the
Philippines. Manila.
Watershed (1) A land area drained by a stream fixed body of water (1) PD 1559. Further
and its tributaries having a common outlet for surface- Amending PD 705, Otherwise
runoff. (2) A land area drained by a stream or fixed body known as the Revised
of water and its tributaries having a common outlet for Forestry Code of the
surface- runoff Also basin, catchments. Philippines. 1978. (2) PD 705
Revising PD 389, Otherwise
Known as the Revised
Forestry Code of the
Philippines. 1975.
Watershed The process of guiding and organizing land and other DENR 1999. Guidelines for
Management resource uses in a watershed to provide desired goods and Watershed Management and
services without adversely affecting soil and water Development in the
resources. Philippines. Manila.
Watershed A forest land reservation established to protect or improve PD 705 Revising PD 389,
Reservation the conditions of water yield thereof or reduce Otherwise Known as the
sedimentation. Revised Forestry Code of the
Philippines. 1975.
Wildlife All wild species of plants and animals. DENR Protected Areas and
Wildlife Bureau. 1991.
Manual on the Restoration of
Degraded Habitats within
Protected Areas.
Wildlife The practical application of scientific and technical Helms, John A. 1998. The
Management principles to wildlife and population and habitat so as to Dictionary of Forestry.
maintain or manipulate such population essentially for Society of American
recreational or scientific purposes. Foresters.
Wildlife Refuge An area designated for the protection of wild animals, DENR Protected Areas and
within which hunting and fishing are either prohibited or Wildlife Bureau. 1991.
strictly regulated. Manual on the Restoration of
Degraded Habitats within
Protected Areas.
Wildlife Sanctuary A protected area under the NIPAS which assures the RA 7586 NIPAS Act 1992.
natural conditions necessary to protect nationally
 significant species, groups of species, biotic communities
or physical features of the environment where these may
require specific human manipulations for their
perpetuation.
Wooded Grassland Areas predominantly vegetated with grasses, such as FAO. 2001. Global Forest
Imperata, Themeda, Saccharum and where the trees cover Resources Assessment 2000.
between 5 to 10% of the area and their height may reach 5 Main Report. FAO Forestry
meters at maturity. Paper No. 140. Rome
Young Plantation A forest plantation where trees have not yet reached a FAO. 2001. Global Forest
Forest height of 5 meters. Resources Assessment 2000.
Main Report. FAO Forestry
Paper No. 140. Rome.
Zoning The demarcation of a planning area by designation, Helms, John A. 1998. The
ordinance or law into zones and establishment of Dictionary of Forestry.
regulations to govern the use of land and structure within Society of American
each zone. Foresters.

Source: http://anyflip.com/mjyy/hpsg/
Module (FRM 166) – Bernard Daipan