CSEC Chemistry 2014 Paper 2

Q1 a) i) All 6 points correctly plotted [3 marks]

5-4 points correctly plotted [2 marks]
3-2 points correctly plotted [1 mark]
Lines of best fit (best straight lines) intersecting [1 mark]
ii) 25 cm3 [1 mark]
iii) 11 ºC [1 mark]
iv) (total volume of liquid at neutralization) 25 + 25 = 50 cm3 [1 mark]
(converted to mass) 50 cm3 x 1 g dm-3 = 50 g = 0.05 kg [1 mark]
(correctly substituted) 0.05 x 4.2 x 11 =2.31 kJ [1 mark]
b) i) To investigate the effect of surface area [1 mark]
on the rate of reaction [1 mark] of Mg with iron (III) chloride
ii) The [yellow] colour of the solution will get lighter [1 mark]
The Mg strips will get smaller [1 mark]
A grey/black solid / (iron metal) will form [1 mark] and fall to the bottom of the beaker
Magnesium will displace iron from the solution [1 mark] [max 2 marks]
iii) 3Mg (s) + 2Fe3+(aq) → 3Mg2+ (s) + 2Fe (aq)
OR Mg (s) + 2Fe3+ (aq) → Mg2+ (s) + 2Fe2+ (aq)
Correct species [1 mark] balanced equation [1 mark] Accept correctly balanced molecular equation

iv) in beaker B the [yellow] colour of the solution will not get as light as in beaker A [1 mark]
in beaker B the Mg strips will not get as small as in beaker A [1 mark]
Mg will disappear faster in beaker A than in beaker B [1 mark]
in beaker B less grey/black solid will form than in beaker A [1 mark] [max 2 marks]
v) There is a larger surface area of Mg in beaker A than in beaker B [1 mark] (cf SA)
A larger surface area causes a faster rate of reaction [1 mark] (SA → rate)
so Mg strips in beaker A will react faster with FeCl3 in beaker B /
Mg strips in beaker A will displace iron faster than in beaker B [1 mark] (cf rate rxn)
c) i) acidified potassium dichromate [1 mark]
OR acidified potassium permanganate [1 mark]
Accept any suitable oxidizing agent [1 mark]
ii) Colour of dichromate changes from orange [1 mark] to green [1 mark]
OR Colour of permanganate changes from purple [1 mark] to colourless [1 mark]
Accept correct colour change for incorrect reagent Y

Explanation: potassium dichromate (OR permanganate) is an oxidizing agent [1 mark]

OR potassium dichromate (OR permanganate) is reduced [1 mark]
OR sulphur dioxide is produced [1 mark]
OR sulphur dioxide reduced potassium dichromate (OR permanganate) [1 mark]
iii) Use calcium hydroxide instead as solution Y [1 mark]
OR use lime water instead as solution Y [1 mark] NOT lime juice
OR use Ca(OH)2 (aq) instead as Y [1 mark]
CSEC Chemistry 2014 Paper 2

Q2 a) i) Element X is lower down the group than K

so it would react more vigorously [1 mark] with water than K

ii) The solution will be basic [1 mark]

Group I elements react with water to from metal hydroxides [1 mark]
which dissolve in water to form an alkaline (basic) solution [1 mark]
OR Group I metals react with H2O to form H2 gas and OH- (aq) ions

b) i) 2, 8, 2 [1 mark]

ii) QCO3 [1 mark] [Accept CaCO3]

iii) QCO3 (s) + 2HCl (aq) → QCl2 (aq) + H2O (l) +CO2 (g)
Accept: CaCO3 (s) + 2HCl (aq) → CaCl2 (aq) + H2O (l) +CO2 (g)
Correct formulae [1 mark] balanced [1 mark]

c) ionic [1 mark]
Z is a non-metal [1 mark] Metals react with non-metals to form ionic compounds [1 mark]
OR Z is in Group VI with 6 e- in the valence shell and can accept 2 e- to form an anion
while Na is in Group I with 1e- in the valence shell and it can donate 1e- to form a cation

d) i) A brown gas would be liberated [1 mark]

ii) (mole ratio) 2 mol Ca(NO3)2 → 4 mol NO2 (g)

1 mol Ca(NO3)2 → 2 mol NO2 (g) [1 mark]
164 g Ca(NO3)2 → 2 x 24000 cm3 NO2 (g) [1 mark]
5 g Ca(NO3)2 → 2 x24000 x 5 cm3 NO2 (g) [1 mark] =1463 cm3 NO2 (g)
164
OR moles of CaCO3 = 5/ 164 [1 mark]
mol NO2 = (5/ 164) x 4/2 [1 mark]
vol NO2 = (5/ 164) x (4/2) x 24000 [1 mark] =1463 cm3 NO2 (g)
CSEC Chemistry 2014 Paper 2

Q3 a) i) Compounds which have the same molecular formula [1 mark]

but different structural formulae [1 mark]

ii) H H H H H H H
| | | | | | |
H–C–C–C–C –H H–C – C – C–H
| | | | | | |
H H H H H H–C–H H
|
H
Each complete structure [2 marks] C skeleton complete but H missing [1 mark]

b) i) Bubble gas into (or shake with) bromine solution (or water) in the dark [1 mark]
OR Bubble gas into (or shake with) acidified KMnO4 soln [1 mark]
[Accept: Burn in air]
Observation: Compound A would decolourise bromine solution (or water) [1 mark]
while compound B would not.
OR Compound A would decolourise acidified KMnO4 soln [1 mark]
while compound B would not.
[OR Compound A would burn with a smoky flame while compound B would not.]

ii) C3H8 (g) + 5O2 (g) → 3CO2 (g) + 4H2O (l)

Correct formulae [1 mark] balanced [1 mark]
[Accept: 2C3H6 (g) + 9O2 (g) → 6CO2 (g) + 6H2O (l)]

iii) Compound A: to make plastic / polymer / polypropene [1 mark]

OR as a starting material to manufacture other compounds / alcohol propanol [1 mark]
Compound B: as a fuel / cooking gas [1 mark]

c) i) H2O [1 mark]

ii) 2-propanol OR propan-2-ol OR isopropanol [1 mark]

Homologous series: alcohols [1 mark] OR alkanols
CSEC Chemistry 2014 Paper 2

Q4 a) i) Oxide of magnesium has ionic bonding [1 mark]

but oxide of sulphur has covalent bonding [1 mark]
Oxide of magnesium has strong electrostatic forces of attraction [1 mark]
between oppositely charged ions
which hold the ions close together in a lattice
and which require a lot of energy to be broken
which causes MgO to be a solid / of high melting point [1 mark]
Oxide of sulphur has weak intermolecular forces of attraction [1 mark] between molecules
[NOT Oxide of sulphur has weak covalent bonds]
which allow the simple molecules to be far apart
and which do not require a lot of energy to be broken
which causes SO2 to be a gas / of low boiling point [1 mark]

ii) Oxide of magnesium will conduct electricity in molten state [1 mark]

OR Oxide of magnesium will conduct electricity in aqueous state [1 mark]
OR Oxide of magnesium will not conduct electricity in solid state [1 mark]
[NOT Oxide of magnesium will not conduct electricity]
because oxide of magnesium has free / mobile ions in molten state [1 mark]
OR because oxide of magnesium has free / mobile ions in aqueous state [1 mark]
OR because oxide of magnesium has no free / mobile ions in solid state [1 mark]

Oxide of sulphur will not conduct electricity [1 mark] in gaseous state / solid state
OR Oxide of sulphur will conduct electricity in aqueous state [1 mark]
because oxide of sulphur has no free / mobile ions or electrons in gaseous state [1 mark]
OR because oxide of sulphur has free / mobile ions in aqueous state [1 mark]

b) i) absence of bulb OR absence of ammeter /

OR absence of something that would show that current is flowing [1 mark]
[NOT switch is open NOT no electrolyte between the electrodes / circuit is not closed]

ii) Drawing showing bulb OR ammeter [1 mark]

and electrodes dipping into electrolyte [1 mark]

iii) Conductor: lead nitrate AND / OR aqueous ammonia [1 mark]

Non-conductor: ethanol [1 mark]
CSEC Chemistry 2014 Paper 2

Q5 a) i) Zn (s) + CuSO4 (aq) → ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)

correct formulae [1 mark] state symbols [1 mark]
ii) Zn is higher in the reactivity series than Cu [1 mark] Zn is more reactive than Cu
so Zn will displace Cu / Cu2+ [1 mark]
Ag is lower in the reactivity series than Cu [1 mark] Ag is less reactive than Cu
so Ag will not displace Cu / Cu2+ [1 mark]
iii) Yes, Al would displace copper from copper sulphate [1 mark]
because Al is higher in the reactivity series than Cu
OR because Al is more reactive than Cu [1 mark]

b) i) presence of oxygen [1 mark] and water / moisture [1 mark]

ii) Paint covers the metal and acts as a barrier to O2 and H2O /
keeps O2 and H2O from coming into contact with the metal [1 mark]

c) Duralumin is an alloy of aluminium [1 mark] with copper and magnesium

It is lightweight like aluminium
It is stronger than pure aluminium
It is more resistant to corrosion than pure aluminium
any two showing comparison [1 mark] each
so it will make the plane easier to lift off the ground / easier to fly
OR so less fuel will be used in flying
OR so the plane will not rust so easily / last longer
relating property to aircraft manufacture [1 mark]
CSEC Chemistry 2014 Paper 2

Q6 a) Nutrients missing: potassium / K [1 mark]

since lack of this nutrient leads to curling of leaf tips OR yellow leaves [1 mark]
iron / Fe OR nitrogen / N OR sulphur / S OR magnesium / Mg [1 mark]
since lack of this nutrient leads to yellow leaves [1 mark]

b) Advantages of organic manure: lower cost

releases nutrients more slowly / over a longer period
retains moisture
improves soil texture / creates better crumb structure
encourages soil microorganisms
more environmentally friendly
any two [1 mark] each

c) Disadvantage of organic manure: smelly [1 mark]

OR encourages pests
OR may spread disease
OR more tedious to apply / more difficult to handle
NOT works more slowly IF used as an advantage
NOT expensive IF cheaper was used as an advantage

d) Mix a sample of the soil with water. [1 mark]

Allow water to settle.
Add universal indicator solution / use pH paper [1 mark]
Accept any suitable indicator
Red / pink / orange (appropriate) colour means soil is acidic [1 mark]

e) Lime is calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2 BOTH [1 mark]

Accept calcium oxide, CaO
Accept calcium carbonate, CaCO3
[Lime is alkaline] Lime should be added if soil is acidic so it would neutralise the acidity [1 mark]

f) When lime is added at the same time as ammonium fertilizer

nitrogen is lost to the atmosphere [1 mark] as ammonia gas
OH- (aq) + NH4+ (aq) → NH3 (g) + H2O (l) [2 marks]
[1 mark] if incorrect but NH3 (g) is formed
Accept balanced molecular equation eg
Ca(OH)2 (s)+ 2NH4NO3 (aq) → Ca(NO3)2 (aq)+ 2NH3 (g) + 2H2O (l)