Module 1
Module 1
INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMY
I. Overview
Welcome to the first module of the course on General Anatomy. In this module, we will travel
back to your learnings in ANPHYD1. This module is diagnostic in nature wherein there will be a
self-assessment part on how well you understood anatomy and physiology during your first year
and how much do you still need to understand. The purpose of this is for you to be refreshed of
what you’ve already learned and at the same time this will give you a chance to be clarified of
areas that you do not still understand. This will serve as your foundation to get along with the
other modules.
Engage
This part should snag your interest, and offer the opportunity for you to share what you already
know about the topic. Try to make connections between your preexisting knowledge base and
the new ideas that will come down the pipeline in this lesson. Answer the pre-assessment.
MULTIPLE CHOICE: The following are statements followed by lettered choices. Choose the correct
answer. Write final answer before the number using CAPITAL LETTERS.
34. To view the thalamus and 40. What system produces hormones
hypothalamus of the brain, we must which is responsible for the control of the
separate the left hemisphere from the right body’s homeostasis?
hemisphere equally using the _____ plane. A. Cardiovascular system
A. Coronal B. Endocrine system
B. Midsagittal C. Excretory system
C. Oblique D. Lymphatic system
D. Parasagittal
41. Which cavity contains the heart?
35. Two major cavities of the human A. Abdominal cavity
body are: B. Cranial cavity
A. Axial and appendicular C. Pericardial cavity
B. Inferior and superior D. Pleural cavity
C. Ventral and dorsal E. Vertebral cavity
D. Visceral and parietal
42. Which of the following is NOT a
36. What gland can be found on the cardinal plane?
superior surface of the kidneys? A. Frontal plane
A. Adrenal B. Median plane
B. Parathyroid C. Midsagittal plane
C. Thymus D. Sagittal plane
D. Thyroid E. Oblique plane
44. Which pairing of directional terms 48. Which terms have the same
most closely approximate opposites? meaning?
A. Medial and proximal A. Back. Dorsal, and posterior
B. Proximal and lateral B. Front, anterior, and ventral
C. Superficial and deep C. Top, superior, and cephalad
D. Superior and posterior D. All are correct
45. Which serous membrane would be 49. Which of the following is NOT a
cut first as a physician removes an infected function of the kin?
appendix? A. Protection from infection
A. Dorsal mesentery B. Removal of excess water
B. Parietal peritoneum C. Sensory reception
C. Parietal pleura D. Temperature regulation
D. Visceral pleura
50. Which of the following is NOT a
46. Which system of the body is part of the reprod-uctive system?
responsible for the breakdown of food and A. Penis
elimination of sold wastes? B. Ovaries
A. Digestive C. Testes
B. Endocrine D. Ureters
C. Respiratory
D. Urinary
ORGAN SYSTEMS. Match the organs in Column A with their corresponding organ systems in Column
B.
Column A Column B
1. _____ Adrenal gland A. Cardiovascular
2. _____ Bronchial tree B. Digestive
3. _____ Capillaries C. Endocrine
4. _____ Large and small intestines D. Integumentary
5. _____ Ligaments E. Muscular
6. _____ Pituitary gland F. Nervous
7. _____ Skin G. Reproductive
8. _____ Spinal cord H. Respiratory
9. _____ Tendons I. Skeletal
10. _____ Testes and ovaries J. Urinary
11. _____ Ureters
ANATOMICALTERMS. Match the body parts in Column A with their corresponding anatomical terms
in Column B.
Column A Column B
12. _____ Ankle A. Antecubital
13. _____ Arm B. Brachial
14. _____ Groin C. Buccal
15. _____ Cheek D. Carpal
16. _____ Ear E. Cervical
17. _____ Front of elbow F. Crural
18. _____ Leg G. Femoral
19. _____ Neck H. Inguinal
20. _____ Thigh I. Otic
21. _____ Wrist J. Sural
K. Tarsal
DIRECTIONAL TERMS. Match the directions in Column A to their corresponding terms in Column B.
Column A Column B
22. _____ Away from the trunk A. Anterior
23. _____ Back B. Contralateral
24. _____ Front C. Distal
25. _____ Near the surface D. Ental
26. _____ Opposite side E. Inferior
27. _____ Same side F. Ipsilateral
28. _____ Towards the head G. Posterior
29. _____ Towards the foot H. Proximal
30. _____ Towards the trunk I. Superficial
J. Superior
Column A Column B
31. The great toe is _____ to the little toe. A. Anterior
32. The vertebrae are located on the _____ B. Deep
aspect of the body. C. Distal
33. The abdomen is _____ to the head. D. Inferior
34. The lungs are _____ to the intestines. E. Lateral
35. The nose is located on the _____ surface F. Medial
of the head. G. Posterior
36. The skin is _____ to the muscles beneath H. Proximal
it. I. Superficial
37. The hand is _____ to the shoulder. J. Superior
38. The knee is _____ to the ankle.
39. The ear is on the _____ aspect of the head.
40. The thumb is _____ to the little finger.
Column A Column B
41. Appendix A. Left lower quadrant
42. Ascending colon B. Left upper quadrant
43. Body of pancreas C. Right lower quadrant
44. Cecum D. Right upper quadrant
45. Duodenum
46. Gallbladder
47. Liver
48. Sigmoid colon
49. Spleen
50. Stomach
K W L
After engage comes explore, in which you carry out hands-on activities. Through your
interactions with the adapted resource material, deepen your understanding of the content.
Individual Task. Read and understand chapter 1 of our adapted resource material. Then,
derive your answer to the following questions. Answer completely, do not use abbreviations.
You understand that searching from Google is easier but it will not help you develop higher
order thinking skills. The process of reading the adapted resource material will sharpen and
stimulate your thinking capability. Help yourself now or regret later – your choice!
1. What is anatomy?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
5. Enumerate and describe briefly the three major groups of anatomical planes that
pass through the body in the anatomical position.
a. _____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
b._____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
c. _____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
8. What are the two other terms used to describe the position of structures in the body?
a. ______________________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________________
10. What are the other organ systems in which their specific information about the
organization and components will be discussed in the other chapters of the adapted
resource material?
a. ______________________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________________
c. ______________________________________________________________
18. The vessel which is usually one per bone that directly enters the internal cavity of
the bone and supplies the marrow, spongy bone, and inner layers of compact bone.
_____________________________
20. A layer of cartilage that usually covers the articulating surfaces of the skeletal
elements. _____________________________
21. What are the two components of a joint capsule and their function?
a. ______________________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________________
22. What are the two components of a joint capsule and their function?
a. ______________________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________________
23. What are the additional structures within the area enclosed by the capsule or
synovial membrane and their function?
a. ______________________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________________
c. ______________________________________________________________
24. Enumerate the description of synovial joints based on the shape of their articular
surfaces.
a. ______________________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________________
c. ______________________________________________________________
d. ______________________________________________________________
e. ______________________________________________________________
f. ______________________________________________________________
g. ______________________________________________________________
h. ______________________________________________________________
28. The _______________ is the largest organ of the body. It consists of the
a. ______________________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________________
30. Give the three types of muscle tissue and their characteristics - whether they are
controlled voluntarily or involuntarily, whether they appear striated (striped) or
smooth, and whether they are associated with the body wall (somatic) or with organs
and blood vessels (visceral).
Muscle tissue Control Appearance Location
31. What are the components of cardiovascular system and their function?
a. ______________________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________________
34. Arteries are usually further subdivided into what three classes, according to the
variable amounts of smooth muscle and elastic fibers?
a. ______________________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________________
c. ______________________________________________________________
35. Veins are usually further subdivided into what three classes?
a. ______________________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________________
c. ______________________________________________________________
37. It is a protein-coated lipid droplets, which are released from the epithelial cells and
enter the interstitial compartment. _______________________________
39. The fluid in most lymphatic vessels is clear and colorless and is known as
____________________.
40. What is carried by lymphatic vessels from the small intestine that is opaque and
milky because of the presence of chylomicrons. ____________________.
43. Give the major lymphatic vessels that drain into large veins in the neck.
a. ______________________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________________
c. ______________________________________________________________
d. ______________________________________________________________
50. Give the connective tissue covering of the brain and spinal cord from external to
internal.
a. ______________________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________________
c. ______________________________________________________________
51. Generally, all sensory information passes into the _______________ aspect of the
spinal cord, and all motor fibers leave _______________.
52. A _______________ is that area of skin supplied by a single spinal cord level, or on
one side, by a single spinal nerve. Meanwhile, a _______________ is that portion of
a skeletal muscle innervated by a single spinal cord level or, on one side, by a single
spinal nerve.
53. The visceral part of the nervous system, as in the somatic part, consists of
_______________ and _______________ components. The visceral motor
component is commonly referred to as the autonomic division of the PNS and is
subdivided into _______________ and _______________ parts.
For the Laboratory: Be familiar with the Chapter 1 figures given in our adapted resource
material. Go over the parts and locations. You may use other references for clarification and
will help you be adept of the given structures.
Explain
Elaborate
From there, you elaborate on your understanding, apply what you have learned to deepen
your skills. Please visit the given e-books. Answer the questions then check your answers on
the given key. Note the questions that you were not able to answer correctly and discover
why by going back to the lesson to be clarified.
Make sure you answer first before looking at the key answer or else you are defeating the
purpose to identify your strengths and weaknesses and target the areas that needs more
attention. You may go over all the exercises if needed. If you think you have already
mastered the topic, you may skip the other reference materials. Supposedly, the task will help
improve your learning.
3. Review Exercises
Shier, D., Butler, J., & Lewis, R. (2007). Hole's human anatomy &
physiology, eleventh edition. McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
4. Review Questions
Scanlon, V.C. & Sanders, T. (2007). Essentials of Anatomy and physiology, fifth
edition. F. A. Davis Company.
5. Review Questions
Marieb, E. N. &Keller, S. M. (2018). Essentials of human anatomy &
physiology, twelfth edition. Pearson Education, Inc.
For laboratory:
Check out the reference material and answer the pre-lab activities, reviewing your
knowledge and using your knowledge of exercises 1 to 2.
Allen, C. & Harper, V. (2011). Laboratory manual for anatomy and physiology,
fourth edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Evaluate
In the final phase, evaluate, reflect on and provide evidence of your new understanding of the
material. Be ready with a summative assessment for both lecture and laboratory which will be
now graded to see how much you learned from the engage to elaborate activities. Schedule
will be announced, but usually it is given weekly and most probably last day of meeting in a
week.