7 Ys Electric Vehicle - Redefining India Part 1 Reece Relceey Unacademy Mechanical Engineering + Apr 9, 2022© unacademy ELECTRIC VEHICLE - REDEFINING INDIA woesINTRODUCTION What is an Automobile ? wos Motorized vehicle consisting of four wheels and powered by an internal engine. Automobiles are used to transport people and items from one location to another location. Various designs, inventors were able to develop a functional general design that is utilized by major automakers as the foundation of their designs. Automobiles generally use gasoline to fuel the internal engine, but technological advances have led to the design of cars that run on electricity and even water.BRIEF HISTORY Who Invented an Automobile? * This question does not have a straightforward answer. The history of the automobile is very rich and dates back to the 15th century when Leonardo da Vinci was creating designs and models for transport vehicles. + There are many different types of automobiles - steam, electric, and gasoline - as well as countless styles. Exactly who invented the automobile is a matter of opinion. If we had to give credit to one inventor, it would probably be Karl Benz from Germany. Many suggest that he created the first true automobile in 1885/1886. + Henry Ford, improved the assembly line for automobile manufacturing and invented a car transmission mechanism, and others. weesINDIAN AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY wv ee == GRR EEE yyINDUSTRY DEMANDS = + The Automotive Industry has been suffering a skills shortage for more than a decade wants to widen it’s pool of applicants anyway, but believes combination of engineering study is some ways can be better than singled. + Technology Advances means a workshop which having skilled workers as well as in various plants. ‘+ As per survey in Indian Automobile industry from 229,500 employees only 129,500 are well skilled and updated with advancements in automotive technologies. OeIp %... COMPARISON OF BEV, HEV, AND FCEV Propulsion ‘Electric motor drives | «Electric motor drives | + Electric motor drives| sICE Energy system | “Battery Battery “Fu cells ‘ultracapacitor + Uttracapacitor ICE generating unit Energy source and | -Hlecrc gid charging | «Gasoline stations Hydrogen infrastructure ae Electric gn charging | * Methanol or gasoline facilis (optional for | «ethanol gin hybrid) Characteristics | -Zew emission Low emission “Zero ension Independence “Independence on fossil ot | «Higher ful economy | on fossil il Commercially availble | «Commercially available | *High eneray efficiency “Under development (are tad) Major issues “Limitations of battery | Dependence on Fossil | «High uc el cost +Short ange (100-200km)_} fuel *Lack of iniastuctre Charging fciites ‘complexWHAT IS AN ELECTRIC CAR ? + Anelectric car is an automobile that is propelled by one electric motor or more, using electrical energy stored in the batteries or another storage device. Electric motors give electric cars instant torque, creating strong and smooth acceleration. + The German Flocken Elektrowagen, built in 1888, was the world’s first electric car. + Electric cars were also popular in the late 19th century and early 20th century.les * Transportation accounts for one third of all energy usage. Use of 10% of ZEV cuts 1 million tons/year of air pollutants With 100% EV - CO2 emission would be cut by half 2. Capital Cost and Maintenance Cost: + EVhas a more capital cost + But life cycle cost of EVis lesser than ICEV 3. Availability of Fuel *+ Fast depletion of fossil juel and dependence on middle east countries for fuel. 4, Well to Wheel Efficiency * The EV is found to have a better WTW efficiency than ICEVWIRING HARNESS ~ The term wiring harness refers to the assembly of wires, terminals, connectors, protection covering and insulations, clips and clamps, fuse and relay box, electronic components, retention devices, guiding channels etc.WIRING HARNESS Contd.. wv + It’s a type of human circulatory and nervous system which connects different systems together. + Transmission Media + Ascomponent doesn’t have its own function to perform except data transmission + Different components used in wiring harness ensure proper connectivity, low resistance, safety and protection of system, security of signals, environment protection and durability/reliability of wiring harnessCOMPONENTS OF WIRNING HARNESS wv ay O® okCOMPONENTS OF WIRNING HARNESS Connectors- consist of male-ended plugs and female ended jacks that can be joined together to relay an electronic signal.(types: board-to-board connectors, cable/wire-to- cable/wire connectors, and cable/wire-to-board connectors) Terminals- The terminal is an electromechanical device that terminates a conductor to a fixed post, stud, chassis, etc., to establish that connection. Wires- typical type of wire used in most automotive applications is automotive cross- link wire and automotive primary wire. General Purpose High Temperature automotive wire is ideal for under-hood automotive wiring applications with hard-to-fit areas.FUSES & RELAYS + Fuse Box: A fuse box is the box that houses the fuses and relays of an electrical system. + Automotive Fuses: Automotive fuses, which are designed to interrupt circuits when exposed to overcurrent resulting from a short circuit + Relays: Relays are often used in circuits to reduce the current that flows through the primary control switch. A relatively low amperage switch, timer, or sensor can be used to turn a much higher capacity relay on and off Blade type fuses aint eS Z Ree eetELECTRIC CIRCUITS + Anelectrical circuit contains a power source, conductors, and a load + The load is part of a circuit that converts electrical energy into another form of energy + Aseries circuit has only one conductor path or leg for current through the circuit. if any part of the circuit is “opened”, all of the series circuit stops working * Aparallel circuit has two or more legs or paths for current. One path can be closed and the other opened, and the closed path will still operate + Aseries-parallel circuit has both series and parallel branches in it. + Ohm's Law calculates an unknown electrical value when two values are known giaDIAGNOSIS Locating an electrical fault is not possible without using diagnostic tools A multimeter (VOM) is a voltmeter, ohmmeter, and ammeter combined into one case A digital multimeter (DVOM) has a number readout for the test value An analog multimeter (AVOM) has a pointer that moves across the face of a scale Use of an AVOM can damage sensitive electronic componentsSn Pero Mc wan ec eee ec aoe Pere ete cen es CeO ae Cee CearaDIAGNOSIS Basic computer system consists of sensors, actuators, and a computer Sensors are devices that convert a condition into an electrical signal Actuators are devices that move when responding to signals from the computer The computer is a complex electronic circuit that produces a known electrical output after analyzing electrical inputsDIAGNOSIS > Scan tool is the fastest way to use on-board diagnostics to find electrical- electronic problems Scan tool “talks” to the vehicle's computers and can tell you if it detects any problems Scanner will convert computer or electronic control module (EMC) data into plain English Scan tools are removable cartridges that hold information about the specific vehicle Menu allows you to scan different test functions, Y HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE (HEV) dBHEV — HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE wv A vehicle that has two or more energy conversion technologies combined with one or more energy storage unitsHEV OBJECTIVE + Maximize fuel economy + Minimize fuel emissions + Minimize propulsion system cost to keep affordable + Maintain acceptable performance with a reasonable cost + Reduce the conventional car weightHEV ADVANTAGES OVER CONVENTIONAL VEHICLES = Regenerative Braking Reduction in engine and vehicle weight Fuel ef ncy creased Emissions are decreased Cut emissions of global warming pollutants by 1/3 or 1/2 Reduce the dependency on fossil fuels Some states offer incentives with owning an HEV ~2 times more efficient than conventional engines bon 4HEV MOTOR COMPONENTS Drive train + Electric Motors/Controllers + Electric Energy Storage systems + Hybrid power units TransmissionELECTRIC ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS wv * Batteries: Lithium lon and Nickel-metal hydride batteries * Ultracapacitors: Store energy as an electric charge in a polarized liquid layer between an ionically electrolyte and conducting electrode Primarily used for acceleration, climbing hills and regenerative braking vesVEHICLE PROPULSION COMPARISON Propulsion Benefits Series Configuration Engine never idles reducing emissions Engine drives a generator to run at optimal performance Allows a variety of options in mounting the engine Some don't need a transmission Parallel Configuration Has more power from simultaneous power from motor and engine Don't need a separate generator because the motor generates the battery Power is directly coupled to the Toad so can be more efficientves EXAMPLES AND COMPARISON Electric Output 273.6V (228 cols @1.2V) | 144V (120 cells @ 1.2V) nerator/Powe Storage Battery Type ‘Nickel Metal Hydride Nickel Metal Hyerie Power Output ‘33KW @ 8600rpm 1OKW @ 8000pm ‘Transmission EOvT ovr Mileage City/Highway 52145, 61/68 Gasoline Engine Horsepower @ rpm | TOhp @ 4500%pm (67m @ 5700rpm Emission Rating | SULEV ULEV fWHATIS AN EV ? It is a vehicle which has following featuresCLASSIFICATION OF ALTERNATIVE VEHICLE Electric Vehicle Hybrid Electric Vehicle Plug-in Hybrid Electric VehicleCOMPONENTS OF AN EV Battery + Itpowers the electric motor. Its capacity is defined in Ah. + The design of battery includes complex calculations which determines various battery parameters Power convertor + The electrical energy stored in battery is fixed DC which should be converted to either variable DC or Variable AC which depends on the type of electric motor used for power the wheels Electric Motor + DC series, induction motors were used at the earlier stage. Now the scope has shifted towards woes special electrical machinesCOMPONENTS OF AN EV Contd.. Clutch + The engine must be decoupled from the wheels to shift from low speed to high speed gears or vice versa, this is done by the clutch. Transmission + The gearbox is also called as transmission which allows transfer of power from engine to wheels, Drivetrain + The combination of Electric motor, Clutch, Gearbox is referred to as drivetrainARCHITECTURE OF AN EV = Drive Control Signals DRIVETRAIN,HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE + An Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) uses both a conventional internal combustion engine and an electric source. + This mainly facilitates regenerative braking.REGENERATIVE BRAKING = + A significant amount of energy is consumed by braking. + Braking a 1500 kg vehicle from 100 km/h to zero speed consumes about 0.16 kWh of energy. + This energy lost in brake shoes can be utilized to charge the battery. dBCLASSIFICATION OF HEV 1. Based On Architecture Series Parallel Series — Parallel 2. Degree Of Hybridization Mild Power Energy %... tyCLASSIFICATION OF HEV Contd ¥ Charge Depleting: + The HEV which doesn’t have the onboard electricity generation unit is called as charge depleting HEV. Charge Sustaining: + The HEV which has onboard electricity generation facility is called as charge sustaining HEV. dBDEGREE OF HYBRIDIZATION wv + It is the progression from mild to energy hybrids is related to degree of downsizing the engine and upsizing the electric motor. + That is the traction power provided by the IC engine is reduced and that of the electric motor is increased by varying the capacity of the prime movers respectively dBSERIES HYBRID DRIVETRAIN HEV ARCHITECTURE Y Series Hybrid Drivetrain “scamSERIES HYBRID DRIVETRAIN IC engine and Battery operate in series The IC engine is fueled by diesel or petrol. which acts as a prime mover to an on board electric generator which generates electricity and charges the battery through a power converter. The electric energy stored in the battery is used to drive the electric motor which provides the full propulsion power. Advantage Simplicity of control algorithms used to control the power converters and hence achieving speed control of electric motors Disadvantage .* Power train components has to be rated for the full rating.PARALLEL HYBRID DRIVETRAIN HEV ARCHITECTURE wv Parallel Hybrid Drivetrain Clutch Clutch & ClutchPARALLEL HYBRID DRIVETRAIN IC engine and Battery operate in Parallel + Based on the rating of the IC engine and battery, electric motor the propulsion power is shared between the sources + The battery can be charged through wheels by increasing the power output of the IC engine by using the control algorithm for regenerative braking Advantage + Reduction in size of drive train components Disadvantage + Power blending from two sources becomes difficult and it requires additional mechanical equipment like planetary gear arrangement neSERIES PARALLEL HYBRID DRIVETRAIN wv HEV ARCHITECTURE Series Parallel Hybrid DrivetrainSERIES-PARALLEL HYBRID DRIVETRAIN = + It combines both the architecture to extract respective benefits + A power splitter is used to feed a part of IC engine power to drive the on board electric generator which is used to charge the battery through a power converter when the SoC of the battery is below the threshold value. dBshies WHAT IS PHEV ? PHEVs are charge depleting HEV They operate in fully electric mode up to certain distance and then as a regular hybrid vehicle for longer distances. thas a large rated storage system compared to HEVs It has to be plugged in for recharging the batteryy MARKET FINISHED PRODUCTSRAW PICS OF ELECTRIC CAR wv wesBENEFITS + Benefits of electric cars over internal combustion engines automobiles include a significant reduction of local air pollution, as they do not emit tailpipe pollutants, in many cases, a large reduction in total greenhouse gas and other emissions. + Less dependency on foreign oil, which in several countries is cause for concern for vulnerability to oil price volatility and supply disruption. + Electric vehicles show significant reductions in overall well-wheel global carbon emissions due to highly carbon intensive production in mining, pumping, refining and the efficiencies obtained with gasoline. wesCONTROLLER The electric vehicle controller is the electronic package that operates between the batteries and the motors to control the vehicle's speed and acceleration. The controller transform dc from the battery current into ac and regulates the energy flow from the battery. + The controller will also reverse the motor rotation and convert the motor into a generator ates, BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES idST Peer ee ne eedCOMPARISON: LEAD vs LITHIUM IN EVS + Lead-acid batteries charges well in a long string + Over voltage in a cell is not good, but generally passes the current to the next cell in an equalization cycle with little damage. + Cell balancing can be done with a sophisticated charger (IUla cycle) + Lithium batteries OK in a string, but over voltage on a individual cell can do serious cell damage. * Individual cell chargi solution, or * Balancing cells and charge in a string. Discharging + Lead can tolerate discharging to 0% State of charge (SOC) with some cycle life damage. jum will have serious damage when discharging below 2.0V, can be completely ruined.LEAD-ACID DISCHARGE CURVE WV Acid Bi Disch: rv State of Charge braneLITHIUM DISCHARGE CURVES uv State of Charge + Lithium Batteries have a fairly flat discharge curve with sharp shouldersLITHIUM BMS CHALLENGES * Must not Over-Charge an individual cell + Must not Over-Discharge an individual cell + Must not let cells get too hot during charge or dischargeENTER THE LITHIUM BMS Many thoughts and discussions on what constitutes a Battery Management System (BMS): + Monitor and Detect Cell Over-Charge, and cut off charger + Monitor and Detect Cell Over-discharge and alert operator, or cut off system power. + Cell Balance for string charging * Temperature Monitoring + Remaining State of Charge determination This is done in your cell phone & laptop, why not in your car? * High voltages and high currents make it difficult, Sparse BMS technology availability has held up Lithium conversion projects. neBMS TOPOLOGY: DISTRIBUTED + Put voltage monitor and discharge balancer on each cell, 3 with digital communications for charger cutoff and status. Advantages: Simpler design and construction and its potential for higher reliability in an automotive environment. Disadvantages: Large number of mini-slave printed circuit boards which are needed and the difficulty of mounting them on some cell types. wesBMS TOPOLOGY: MODULAR + Several Slave controllers consolidate data to a master Advantages: Does not need printed circuit boards connected to individual cells. Disadvantages: Master-Slave isolated communications can be challenging in an EV.BMS TOPOLOGY: CENTRALIZED wv < * Centralized Master Control Unit penis Advantages Single installation point. No complex inter- vehicle communications Disadvantages: Typical EV batteries are distributed in S the vehicle, requiring wiring to a central location. Single source for balancer heat generation. INNOVIANS aLI-ION BMS MARKET OPTIONS + Investigate BMS solution for highway capable EV conversion + Needs to support typical DC system: * 160 AH prismatic LiFeP04 (3.2V), 250A + systems + 40-48 cells (128 to 153 volts) ‘Must monitor * Should manage, report and balanceLI-ION BMS OPTIONS wv ‘Agni Distr | 1-200 | yf - | - | - | - | Wie] $1000 >. Stybrook Black wea [~4many fv |v | - | v | v | Sena] Paste? | ~s2200 Sheep ular 1 | metal Technolo Lov Elion | Baer | a=255-|y |v |v |v] v | wre | > | ~$2000- >. cAN $4000 R523 2 Einonar | Deen | imeny |v | > > Wire | Metal | ~~31800" b. =~ 2 me ER 4y LILION BMS OPTIONS.- BMS HONORABLE MENTION Lithium Balance — No published specs or pricing Gary Goodrum — DIY BMS Ckt, 24 cell on Endless Sphere, Low current device for bikes Metric Mind ~ Custom BMS, no pricing for BMS products Boundless — creates custom battery packs. Hot Juice Electric BEQ- Balance only Manzanita Micro ~ Partial solution, 4 cells for $250 ‘Open Source BMS projects ~ no resolutionsHARDY EV FLEX BMS Centralized BMS Architecture Miniature in car display and operator alerts Battery monitoring for over-voltage, under voltage 3 versions in production © Up to 36 cells - For NEVs and small EVs @Up to 48 cells— For DC systems © Up to 84 cells ~ Prius plug-in conversions and AC systems Temperature monitoring ‘Adjustable voltage and temperature thresholds Cell balancing with built-in thermal management Full diagnostic self test identifies faulty wiring Internal Log allows identification of problem batteries USB Log Option for detailed cell monitoring logs Current monitor option for state of charge determination ‘Works with charger up to AC: 258 240V Priced for EV conversions: $891 for 48 cell system ‘© Data logger option $50 ‘current Monitor option $60, »REFINEMENT OF ANALYTICAL SCOPE wvAUTOMOTIVE REESS ‘System Description © Battery Pack © Battery Management System Controller © Power Distribution Unit System Function ‘@ Stores electrical energy received from the charger or the vehicle © Delivers energy to the vehicle systems ‘© Communicates with other vehicle module for proper vehicle functions © Maintains safe vehicle operation atsBATTERY PACK Battery Pack Box & Seal Description: + Sealed vented box + Includes the battery modules, voltage sensors, cell voltage balancers, temperature sensors, condensation sensors, and ground fault detection circuitry Function: + Stores electrical energy * Delivers electrical energy + Communicates cell status and isolation statusBattery System Management Controller wv Description: + Algorithms including State of Charge (SOC), State of Health (SoH), Diagnostics and Prognostics * — Communication * Data Storage Safety Controls Function: + Manages the energy in and out of the battery pack based on the SOC + Acts on safety related requests from other vehicle systems Maintains the safety of the REESS Ty RSISOANSPOWER DISTRIBUTION UNIT wv Description: + Main contactor + Pre-charge contactor + Relays and fuses Function: + Controls connection between the battery pack and the High Voltage bus + Ensures that the system power limits are respectedREESS EXTERNAL INTERFACES wv Crash Detection Signal ee 26...SCOPE OF EXTERNAL INTERFACES wv + Analysis must consider external vehicle interfaces in terms of their impact on the safe operation of the REESS * _ REESS must tolerate external failures and maintain a safe state HIGH eg VOLTAGE dBDIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES w nse * Communication * Contactors + Batery and Eelcronics Cooing ‘HY Battery Diagnoses ‘HY Battery Votage Love * HY Battery Temperature HY Battery Other + Motor Contraler * ChargingCOMMUNICATIONS AND MESSAGING + Identify safety-critical information needs of owners and operators * Describe effective means to communicate this information * Describe barriers to effective communication and opportunities to remove themy HEV/PHEV STATUS INDICATIONS uvy Best Range of Electric vehicles -2021 = y 7 BEST RANGE ELECTRIC CARS = = =. = Deats MATERIALS REQUIRED Battery Horn * Connecting wires . Pipe tubes . Tool box : Ignition Key Barrel * Voltage Regulator . CDI- Capacitor discharge ignition . Light and cut-out switch Starter Motor Thermo fan Relay Tail light Brake oil Wiring accessories Other AccessoriesSUSPENSION SPECIFICATION Suspension to be used are * Double wishbone Macpherson suspension(front suspension)SUSPENSION SPECIFICATION Suspension to be used are + A-arm Macpherson suspension(rear suspension)OTHER SPECIFICATION Battery(4) 12 volt 5 amp Tyre 28x13ESTIMATED COST & TIME Some major cost of parts of quad bike are + BLDC Motor Rs 50,000 + Tyre with rim (4) Rs 7,000 + Brakes Rs 6,000 + Suspensions(4) Rs 6,000 + Electrical equipment Rs 7,000 + Mild steel rods Rs 7,000 + Seat Rs 4,000 + Other accessories Rs 18,000 + Batteries Rs 26,000 + Controller Rs 10,000 + Steering System Rs 7,00 ‘Wheel hub RS 4,000 wesESTIMATED COST & TIME + Net total estimated cost of finished project is Rs 1,50,000 + As per the feasibility and compatibility of our project ‘ELECTRIC CAR’, the estimated time for completion is 3 months from the day the project starts. yes, ACCELERATING ELECTRIC « MOBILITY IN INDIA eal Som)IMPROVED AIR QUALITY IN INDIAN CITIESPOTENTIAL GAINS FROM EV increases Promotes Enhances Plant Load Beterair GHG Enewabes “energy Factor quality tigatior security Improving Towardsa ‘Through Reduces Increases bles peener EV. imported efclency neathin “ina atenes—fecinen power hie Wensport pane sector Social, Environmental and Economic bate Technological leadership 9% Position India as @ leaderin auto-techGROWTH IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE GROWTH PROJECTIONS Vv The USEIA forecasts vey low lop of eect cars (PEC protons forget cr stoxks 20) 920) m0 2035 w 209 wa0T waCOMPOSITION OF THE VEHICLE FLEET ¥ Domestic Auto Sales in Percentage of cars sold India 2012 to 2018 in India 2016-16 ° so 100150 ‘Passenger Vehicles Commercial Vehicles Tree Wheelers = Two Wneslers "Below 2600,000 = 8500K to 1 mallon a meter weve Rito 15millon Above E15 milion ‘+ small and affordable vehicles (two-wheelers and economy cars) + public transport + goods vehicles (three-wheelers, small goods vehicles, buses and trucks) Jyydvians + Only 2% of the vehicles are high end cars, unlike in developed countriesTRIP LENGTHS = High urban densities. India lives o: and movesdifferently. ™ + Anaverage vehicle would travel «s— much lessin India as compared to x No travel the developed world wR O-1km 25km un | aes 6-10km Lengths Vee Ofthe tips are oflessthan 5km 31-50km = 178 @ Siekm Ofthe tips are of length greater than 10 kmy ELECTRIC MOBILITY FORUM "7 IwnOviansPILLARS OF AN ELECTRIC MOBILITY ECOSYSTEM “‘& ELECTRIC VEHICLE RE-ENERGISING SYSTEMS All-electric, plug-in Charging and swapping hybrid, hybrid infrastructure 4 y \ Pillars y BATTERIES Lithium fon batteries — Sania cae NMC, LTO, LFP BRAY Battery Management Research ad. System development, power grid, EV MARKET IN INDIAy WHY INDIA SHOULD GO FOR EV? India need to reduce dependency on a fossil-fuel based economy. India's crude oil imports for 2014-15 was 112 billion dollars (approximately 7,00,000 crore rupees) Aspects related to global warming needs a shift to automobile solutions that reduces/ do not produce greenhouse gas emissions. Air Quality Indices related to India indicate that the air in many cities of india is no longer healthy. Automobile related pollution has been one of the causes for this. India can become a global provider for clean mobility solutions and processes that are affordable and scalable. People living in some of the Indian cities are being affected by noise pollution. Some of the Indian Cities have the worst noise pollution levels in the world. Electric vehicles may contribute to a reduction in noise pollution levels in the cities. Energy efficiency and emission reduction has improved in automobiles but energy efficiency measures and pollution control measures did not keep pace with the sales growth in vehicles.CURRENT STATUS OF EV IN INDIA The Indian electric vehicles (EV) market is at a very nascent stage comprising of only 1% of the total automobile sales. 195% of the Indian EV market is dominated by 2 and 3-wheelers The EV market in india was about 25,000 units at the end of 2016-17 and $6,000 units at the end of 2017-2018 4,330 EVs were sold in Gujarat, 2,846 in West Bengal, 2,467 in Uttar Pradesh and 2,388 in Rajasthan during the fiscal year 2016-17 ‘The EV market in India is set to see the entry of a flurry of new players of foreign and domestic origin in the 2 and 3- wheeler segments CChinese firms such as BYD Auto Co. Ltd will supply electric buses to some state transport firms. Mahindra has a first to the market advantage in 4 wheeler segment. The company plans to make 60,000 electric vehicles annually from 2020. ‘The Indian unit of South Korea's Hyundai Motor Co. Ltd is expected to launch its electric vehicle in 2019. Maru Suzuk willenter the market by 2020, Tata Motors has launched its electric vehicle Tata Tigor in 2018, EV MARKET AND CHALLENGES IN INDIA dBGOVERNMENT INITIATIVES FOR PROMOTING EVININDIA & *+ In 2012, the National Electric Mobility Mission Plan (NEMMP) 2020 was established to promote hybrid and electric vehicles + Under the NEMIMP 2020, an incentive scheme, Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Hybrid and Electric Vehicles (FAME Phase 1 82), was launched in 2015 to reduce the upfront purchase price of hybrid and electric vehicles and to stimulate their early adoption + In early 2018, the Ministry of Power launched the new National Electric Mobility Program to focus on creating the charging infrastructure and a policy framework to set a target of more than 30% electric vehicles by 2030 + The Program will be implemented by Energy Efficiency Services Limited (EESL) which will aggregate demand by procuring electric vehicles in bulk to get economies of scale + Ministry of Power (MoP) has notified the charging infrastructure for electric vehicles-guidelines and standards on 14th December 2018 *+ Special incentives for Indigenous OEM and EV manufacturers were announced under FAME ‘+ Many state governments ike Delhi, Maharashtra, Tamilnadu have announced state policies for adoption of EVats India is also a member of the Electric Vehicles Initiative (EVI) multi-governmental policy forum. The EVI forum was established in 2009 to accelerate the deployment of electric vehicles worldwide and facilitate exchanges between policymakers and various stakeholders. Countries currently active in the EVI include Canada, China, Finland, France, Germany, India, Japan, Mexico, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, the UK and the US. The initiative is jointly led by Canada and China. The International Energy Agency serves as the Evi coordinator, : CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES-GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS dBwes OBJECTIVES To enable faster adoption of electric vehicles in India by ensuring safe. reliable, accessible and affordable Charging Infrastructure and eco-system To promote affordable tariff chargeable from EV owners and Charging Station Operators/Owners To generate employment/income opportunities for small entrepreneurs To proactively support creation of EV Charging Infrastructure in the initial phase and eventually create market for EV Charging business To encourage preparedness 01 Electrical Distribution System to adopt EV Charging infrastructurePUBLIC CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE (PCI)- MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: ‘An exclusive transformer with all related substation equipment including safety appliance. 33/11 KV line/cables with associated equipment including as needed for line termination/metering ete, Appropriate civil works. ‘Adequate space for Charging and entry/exit of vehicles Current international standards that are prevalent and used by most vehicle manufacturers internationally are CCS and CHadeMO. Hence, Public Charging Stations shall have, one or more electric kiosk/boards with installation of all the charger models as follows: [Type ZAG (min 22K) | [__Braratocoor(tsKw) [72200 [ice naan a ecae|PUBLIC CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE (PCI)- MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS: Contd.. ‘+The kiosk/board may have options for installation of additional chargers if required ‘+The Public Charging Station Providers are free to create Charging Hubs and to install additional number of Kiosk/Chargers in addition to the minimum number of chargers prescribed above. ‘+ Tie up with at least one online Network Service Providers (NSPs) to enable advance remote/online booking of + charging slots by EV owners. Such online information to EV owners should also include information regarding + location, types and numbers of chargers installed/available etc. Share charging station data with appropriate DISCOM and to maintain appropriate protocols as prescribed by such DISCOM for this purpose. CEA shall have access to this database ‘+ Appropriate public amenities ‘+ Where, in addition to the above, fast charging facility is also planned to be provided at the PCS by the PCI provider, the following additional infrastructure must be provided: Appropriate Liquid Cooled cables if High Speed Charging Facility for onboard charging of Fluid Cooled Batteries % (FCBs) is also planned. TYNOVIANS ¥- Appropriate Climate Control Equipment for Fast Charging of Batteries to be used for swapping (ie. not onboard)ae LOCATION OF CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURES In case of Public Charging Stations, the following minimum requirements are laid down with regard to density or distance between two charging points: ¥ At least one Charging Station should be available in a grid of 3 Km X 3 Km. Further, one Charging Station be set up at every 25 Km on both sides of highways/roads ¥ For long range EVs (like long range SUVs) and heavy duty EVs like buses/trucks etc, there should be at least one Fast Charging Station with Charging Infrastructure Specifications as standards every 100 Kms. one on each side of the highways/road located preferably within/alongside the stations ¥ Within cities, such charging facilities for heavy duty FVs shall be located within transport nagars, bus depots ¥ Moreover, swapping facilities are also not mandatory within cities for Buses/trucksEV INFRASTRUCTUREBATTERY LEASING & SWAP SCHEMES + It help negate consumer concerns about battery durability and performance, while simultaneously reducing the initial/upfront EV purchase price + Service providers retain the ownership of batteries * This model puts the operational costs of an EV on par with conventional ICEs + It allows manufacturers to retain ownership of the battery for various ‘second-life’ applications that would provide additional value. + At the end of the contracted subscripti to the franchised dealer network, »n/rental period, the EVs would then return back iving them greater control over its assets. + Manufacturers, battery suppliers and service operators can partner to collectively develop ‘battery swap/switching stations atsaos INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICE MODELS Public Infrastructure Model: Provides EV station at public parking spaces Only EVs are allowed to park at these spots, they are likely to act as an incentive to consumers in urban cities This model would have to be supported by local municipalities in partnership with infrastructure providers It seeks to provide access to charging for those consumers that lack home charging Private Infrastructure Model : More preferable in the early stages of EV adoption as it responds to direct consumer demand It involves installing charging points for EV adopters at their residence or at private sites such as malls, office parking etc This ensures higher usage of charging points based on actual demand, as reflected by EV purchases, thus providing a greater return on investment.END TO END SOLUTION * Involves close partnerships between OEMs, infrastructure facility providers, maintenance services providers and local Governments * Provide consumers with an integrated package of end-to-end value added services, thereby minimizing the number of interfaces that the consumer has to. manage. * Evolve as a subscription service where EV adopters pay a monthly/annual fee for an integrated services package that involves access to charging facilities, vehicle maintenance services and free parking at public pay-and-park lots, that are managed by local municipalities weeFUTURE OF EV’S IN INDIA ‘+ The report by Bloomberg New Energy Finance (BNEF) says that India will have better progress on electric two-wheelers, rickshaws and electric buses over the next 10 years. + The report believes that by 2040, EVs will constitute only 40 per cent of the total passenger vehicle fleet in India + Atthe end of 2017, there were just 6,000 highway-capable electric cars plying on Indian roads, which is a minuscule number when compared to the overall numbers of total cars on Indian roads ‘+The BNEF study says that the annual sales of EVs will reach 30,000 units in 2022 as opposed to 2,000 units in 2017 ‘+ And if the sale of EVs grows as the study has predicted, they will constitute about 6.6 per cent of annual vehicle sales by 2030 and go up to 27 per cent by 2040 + Also, by 2040, about 13 per cent of the passenger vehicles plying on Indian roads will be electric by 2040. nomeSUGGESTIONS FOR DEVELOPING EV MARKET IN INDIA ats The government needs to implement significant subsidy schemes and put up mandates which will encourage car buyers to look at electric vehicles The next most important thing is to develop a good network charging infrastructure across the country. A good idea will be to involve private players in this as well although that is easier said than done Factors such as unreliable electricity supply, lack of co-ordination between different government levels and lack of demand for EVs keep private players away from investing in charging infrastructure Also, the state-owned utilities will need to invest in charging infrastructure as well although their financial health is not at par with state-owned electric utilities in other parts of the world Government should try to converge schemes such as “Make in india Initiative” with the EV policy EV stakeholders should come up with robust business models for charging infrastructure and for EV such as retrofitting and etc.These Next-Gen Courses are available at unbelievable prices [=o -sseny Engineering students, time to get ready for srl mete Male tails elle Strengthen Your Boies ‘Alktn-One Se CO ears meee CuaTE Cea en ee nu oaks IyNOviansTHANK YOU ! Thank you foe listening. ‘any questions? 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