Inr. .I. Solids Strucrures Vol. 32, No. 20, pp. 2961-2965.

1995
Copyright 0 1995 Elsevier Science Ltd
Pergamon Printed in Great Britain. All rights reserved
002&7683/95 19.50 + .lO
002&7683(94)00274-6

A NOTE ON THE TORSION OF A NON-

HOMOGENEOUS SOLID BY AN ANNULAR DISC

B. M. SINGH and H. T. DANYLUK

Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon,
Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N OWO

A. P. S. SELVADURAI
Department of Civil Engineering and Applied Mechanics, McGill University, Montreal,
Quebec, Canada, H3A 2K6

and
J. VRBIK
Department of Mathematics, Brock University, St. Catherines, Ontario, Canada, L2S 3Al

(Received 26 February 1994 ; in revised form 19 October 1994)

Abstract-The present paper examines the elasto-static problem concerning the axisymmetric
rotation of a rigid annular circular punch perfectly bonded to the surface of a non-homogeneous
isotropic, elastic half-space possessing a shear modulus, p(z), varying with depth according to the
relation p(z) = p,(c+z)‘!, where c, p, and c(are constants.

1. INTRODUCTION

The problem of determining the torsional deformation of a semi-infinite isotropic, homo-

geneous, elastic solid when a circular cylinder is fully bonded to its planar surface and
forced to rotate about its longitudinal axis was considered by Reissner and Sagoci (1944),
Sagoci (1944) and Sneddon (1947). Later on, Sneddon (1966), Uflyand (1959), Gladwell
(1969) and Freeman and Keer (1967) investigated the torsion problem for a cylinder and
for a layer.
The Reissner-Sagoci problems for a vertically non-homogeneous, isotropic, elastic
half-space were considered by Kassir (1970) and Chuaprasert and Kassir (1973). Moreover,
Dhaliwal and Singh (1978) generalized the results of Kassir (1970) and Chuaprasert and
Kassir (1973) assuming that the half-space consisted of two horizontal layers. In this paper
we determine the deformation induced by rotating an annular rigid disc fully welded to the
planar surface z = 0 of a vertically non-homogeneous half-space. The surfaces z = 0,
0 < r < a and r > b with a < b are stress-free. Finally, the moment required to produce
rotation of the rigid disc is calculated and the results are shown graphically.

2. BASIC EQUATION AND ITS SOLUTION

In the case of an axisymmetric torsion problem, the displacement vector U assumes

the form (o,u,o) in a cylindrical polar coordinate system (r, 8,~). The equation of equi-
librium takes the form :
2961
2962 B. M. Singh ef al.

(1)

If one assumes that the shear modulus ,u(z) is of the form :

P(Z)= PI (c+z)“, c > 0, (2)

where p,, c and a are real constants, then the general solution of eqn (3) can be taken as

v(r, z) = (c + z)”
s=
0
~(tWp[(c+451J, G-5)dt, (3)

where

l-a
p=- (4)
2 .

JP( ) and K,( ) are, respectively, the Bessel function of the first kind and the modified Bessel
function of the second kind of order p. A(@ is an arbitrary function of 5. With eqn (3) we
find that

a&,z) = -p,(c+zp
IK
0
MW- I [(c+4514 (4 d5. (5)

3. BOUNDARY CONDITIONS AND SOLUTION OF THE PROBLEM

The boundary conditions of the problem can be written as :

u(r, z) = f(r), a < r < b, (6)

noz(r, z) = 0, 0 < r < a, r > b, (7)

wheref(r) is a prescribed function of r. Making use of eqns (3) and (5) and conditions (6)
and (7), we find the following triple integral equations :

<-‘WO(l +h(W, (r5) d5 = c-W), a< r < k (8)

s0
m

B(t)J, (r{) d5 = 0, 0 < r < a, r > b, (9)

where

h(l) = KJct)- 1,
Kp- I (~5)
B(5) = MOKp- I (~5).

Making use of the paper of Cooke (1963) the solution of triple integral eqns (8) and (9)
can be expressed in the following form :
 Torsion of a non-homogeneous solid 2963

(11)

where g(u) is determined from the integral equation

2d b sG(s) d.r
g(u) = - ; ;I; ” (r2 _U2)W ’ (12)
I

s2G(s) = F(s) + b [K, (s, t) +K,(s, f)]G(f)

dt, a < s < b, (13)
I (1

-2st
K, 0, 0 = [s(a’-s’)logI~l-r(n’-Z)logl~~],
712[t2-?] (s2--u~)(t%J~)

(14)

K2@,f) = -1 m h(W(s, W(t, 0 d5, (1%

Ks 0

SaJl(&I
4% 5) = (S2 4)W
+&l(s) , (16)
1

s s rJJ<r) dr
e,(s) = (I (s2 _r2)‘/2 ’ (17)

F(s) =
s
c-pi s r2f(r) dr
ds (I (S2_r2)‘/2 * (18)

Equations (12) and (13) are an Abel integral equation and a Fredholm integral equation
of the second kind, respectively. For determining g(u), we first find G(s) from eqn (13) and
then finally g(u) from eqn ( 12).
Iff(r) = yr, then we find from eqn (18) that

ys(2s2- a2)c-P
F(s) = (19)
(s2_a2)1/2 .

If a + 0, then eqn (13) reduces in form to be in complete agreement with the result obtained
by Chuaprasert and Kassir [1973 : p. 709, eqn (20)]. The moment required of the disc as
prescribed by the condition (7) is given by

b
T= -2n br2c0z(r,0)dr = 27t~,c’-P r2g(r) dr. (20)
I I) I (I

Making use of eqn (12), we find from eqn (20) that

2964 B. M. Singh et 01.

h SC(S) ds
I
(, ($2-02)’ z
f2 hsJFl
i‘<I
-a* G(s) ds (21)

If a + 0 and c( = 0, we can easily find that

(22)

For computational purposes we assume that

.s = asec 0, t = a set 4, G(a set 0) set* H = yH, (Q)c”. (23)

Making use of eqns (19) and (23), we write eqn (13) in the following form :

vx ‘lh ‘II

sin 8 cos’flH, (d) = 1 + sin’ H+ sin 0 cos’ 0

I0
[K, (U) + K2 (W)l

x sin c#IH(~~)
d4, 0 < 8 < set- ’(b/a), (24)

where

4secdsec$ 4
K, (O,q5)= ___--
7~’tan 0 tan 4[sec’ $J- set* fI]
set $ tan’ C$log tan
0 2

6,
-set 0 tan’ H log tan 012 (25)

1.4

r
a=0.3 , b.1

1.2 -

0.2
t

0
I I I I I
0.5 1.0 I.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
C

Fig. 1. Plot of (T/T,)c ’ versus c for various z when a = 0.3 and h = 1

 Torsion of a non-homogeneous solid 2965

and

(26)

With the help of eqns (21)-(23), we find that

’(b/a)

[ 1 + 2 tan* 8]H, (0) de . (27)

I

Solving numerically eqn (24) and using eqn (27), we get the numerical results for T/T,.
The values of (T/T,&-’ are plotted for different values of c and a for particular values
ofa=0.3andb = 1. The results are shown in Fig. 1.

REFERENCES

Chuaprasert, M. F. and Kassir, M. (1973). Torsion of non-homogeneous solid. J. Engng Mech. Div., Proc. Am.
Sot. Civil Engng !W,703-714.
Cooke, J. C. (1963). Triple integral equations. Quart. J. Mech. Appl. Math. 16, 193-201.
Dhaliwal, R. S. and Singh, B. M. (1978). Torsion by a circular die of a non-homogeneous elastic layer bonded to
a non-homogeneous half-space. Inr. J. Engng Sci. 14,649-658.
Freeman, N. J. and Keer, L. M. (1967). Torsion of a cylindrical rod welded to an elastic half-space. J. Appl. Mech.
34.687-692.
Gladwell, G. M. L. (1969). The forced torsional vibration of an elastic stratum. In?. J. Engng Sci. 7, 101I-1024.
Kassir, M. K. (1970). The Reissner-Sagoci problem for a non-homogeneous solid. In?. J. Engng Sci. 8,875-885.
Reissner, E. and Sagoci, H. F. (1944). Forced torsional oscillations of an elastic half-space I. J. Appl. Phys. 15,
652-654.
Sagoci, H. F. (1944). Forced torsional oscillations of an elastic half-space II. J. Appl. Phys. 15,65%62.
Sneddon, I. N. (1947). A note on a boundary value problem of Reissner and Sagoci. J. Appf. Phys. 18, 130-132.
Sneddon, I. N. (1966). The Reissner-Sagoci problem. Proc. Glas. Math. Assoc. 7, 13&144.
Uflyand, Ia. S. (1959). Torsion of an elastic layer. Dokl. Akad. Nauk., S.S.S.R. 129,997-999.