1. What type of wave is a light wave?

2. The wavelength of a sound wave in a certain material as measured is 18 cm. The frequency of the wave is
1900 Hz. Compute the speed of sound wave?

𝑣 = 𝜆𝑓
1
𝑣 = (18 × 10−2 𝑚) (1900 )
𝑠
𝑚
𝑣 = 342
𝑠

3. A standing wave has 5 loops. How many nodes and antinodes are present?
𝑁𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑠 = 𝑛 + 1 = 5 + 1 = 6
𝐴𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑠 = 𝑛 = 5

4. A horizontal cord 5 m long has a mass of 2.5 grams. What must be the tension in the cord if the wavelength
of a 120 Hz wave on it is to be 50 cm?
𝑣 = 𝜆𝑓
𝑣 = (50 × 10−2 𝑚)(120 𝑠 −1 )
𝑚
𝑣 = 60
𝑠
𝑇
𝑣=√ 𝑚
( )
𝐿
𝑚 𝑇
60 =
𝑠 √ 2.5 × 10−3 𝑘𝑔
( )
5𝑚
𝑇 = 1.8 𝑁

5. A string 2.0 m long is driven by a 240 Hz vibrator at its end. The string resonates in four segments. What is
the speed of transverse waves on the string?
𝑛𝑣
𝑓=
2𝐿
−1
4(𝑣)
240 𝑠 =
2(2 𝑚)
𝑚
𝑣 = 240
𝑠
6. A string vibrates in 5 segments to a frequency of 460 Hz. What frequency will cause it to vibrate in 2
segments?
𝑓𝑛 = 𝑛(𝑓1 )
𝑓5 = 5(𝑓1 )
460 = 5(𝑓1 )
𝑓1 = 92 𝐻𝑧
𝑓2 = 2(𝑓1 )
𝑓2 = 2(92)
𝑓2 = 184 𝐻𝑧

7. What prefix refers to 10 to the negative 18th power?

8. An explosion occurs at distance of 5km from the observer. How long after the explosion does a person hear
if the temperature is 18ºC?
18
𝑣 = 331√1 +
273
𝑚
𝑣 = 341.74
𝑠
 𝑑
𝑡=
𝑣
5000 𝑚
𝑡= 𝑚
341.74
𝑠
𝑡 = 14.63 𝑠

9. What is the speed of sound in a diatomic ideal gas that has density of 3.50 kg/m3 and a pressure of 245kPa?
𝑃𝑉 = 𝑚𝑅𝑇
𝑚
(245000) = 𝑅𝑇
𝑉
(245000) = 3.5 𝑅𝑇
𝑅𝑇 = 70000
𝑣 = √𝑘𝑅𝑇
7
𝑣 = √ (70000)
5
𝑚
𝑣 = 313
𝑠
10. What is the speed of sound in neon gas at temperature of 18 ℃ considering that the molecular mass of this
gas is 20.18 g/mole?
𝑣 = √𝑘𝑅𝑇
5 8.314
𝑣=√ ( ) (18 + 273)
3 20.18
𝑚
𝑣 = 447
𝑠
11. What is the bulk modulus of steel if the sound waves traveled at approximately 5900 m/s? Density of steel
is 7900 kg/m3
𝐸
𝑣=√
𝜌

𝐸
5900 = √
7900
𝐸 = 2.75 × 1011 𝑃𝑎

12. A sound has an intensity of 3x10-8 W/m2. What is the sound level in dB?
𝐼
𝑑𝐵 = 10 log10 ( )
𝐼0
𝑊
3 × 10−8 2
𝑑𝐵 = 10 log10 ( 𝑚 )
𝑊
1 × 10−12 2
𝑚
44.8 𝑑𝐵

13. Loudness of sound proportional to the square of ________.

14. A car moving 20 m/sec with its horn blowing at f0 = 1200 Hz is chasing another car going at 15 m/sec. What
is the apparent frequency of the horn as heard by the driver being chased? Take the speed of sound to be
340 m/sec.
𝑉 ± 𝑉𝐿
𝑓𝐿 = 𝑓𝑆 ( )
𝑉 ∓ 𝑉𝑆
340 − 15
𝑓𝐿 = 1200 ( )
340 − 20
𝑓𝐿 = 1219 𝐻𝑧
15. Two cars A and B are travelling toward each other at speeds of 45 km/hr and 70 km/hr respectively. If A
blowing its horn, what is the relative pitch heard by a passenger in B, considering that the velocity of sound
is 344 m/s.
𝑉 ± 𝑉𝐿
𝑓𝐿 = 𝑓𝑆 ( )
𝑉 ∓ 𝑉𝑆
1
344 + 70 ( )
𝑓𝐿 = 𝑓𝑆 ( 3.6 )
1
344 − 45 ( )
3.6
𝑓𝐿 = 1.096𝑓𝑆

16. A train blowing its whistle at 750 Hz approaches a station at the rate of 35 mph. What frequency is heard by
a man standing at the station considering the velocity of sound in air 1100 ft/s?
𝑉 ± 𝑉𝐿
𝑓𝐿 = 𝑓𝑆 ( )
𝑉 ∓ 𝑉𝑆
1100
𝑓𝐿 = 750 ( )
5280
1100 − 35 ( )
3600
𝑓𝐿 = 786.7 𝐻𝑧

17. Calculate the speed at which an object must travel so that it’s mass will increase by 10%?
𝑚0
𝑚=
2
√1 − (𝑉 )
𝑐
𝑚0
1.1𝑚0 =
2
√1 − (𝑉 )
𝑐
𝑉 = 0.416𝑐
18. A particle travelling at a speed of 0.98c. Find the ratio of the relativistic mass to the rest mass?
𝑚0
𝑚=
2
√1 − (𝑉 )
𝑐
𝑚 1
=
𝑚0 2
√1 − (0.98𝑐 )
𝑐
𝑚
= 5.025
𝑚0
19. Two twins are 25 years old when one of them sets out on a journey through space at nearly constant speed.
The twin in the space ship measures time with an accurate watch. When he returns to earth, he claims to be
31 years old, while the twin left on earth is then 43 years old. What was the speed of the spaceship?
𝑡0
𝑡=
2
√1 − (𝑉 )
𝑐
31 − 25
43 − 25 =
2
√1 − (𝑉 )
𝑐
𝑉 = 0.943𝑐
20. A beam of photon has a wavelength of 526 nm. Compute its energy.
𝑣
𝑓=
𝜆
𝑚
(3 × 108 )
𝑓= 𝑠
526 × 10−9 𝑚
𝐸 = ℎ𝑓
1 𝑒𝑉
𝐸 = 37.791 × 10−21 𝐽 ×
1.6 × 10−19 𝐽
𝐸 = 2.361 𝑒𝑉
21. What is the frequency of photon has energy of 2 eV?
1.6 × 10−19 𝐽
2 𝑒𝑉 ×
1 𝑒𝑉
𝐸
𝑓=
ℎ
𝑓 = 483 𝑇𝐻𝑧
22. Compute the index of refraction of a material if the speed of light through the material is 2.37 x108 m/s?
𝑐
𝑛=
𝑣
3 × 108
𝑛=
2.37 × 108
𝑛 = 1.27
23. The ratio of the sines of the angles of incidence and refraction is equal to the ratio of the speeds of the light
in the two media. This statement is known as_____?
24. A glass plate is 0.6 cm thick and has a refractive index of 1.55. How long does it take for a pulse of light to
pass through the plate?
𝑐
𝑣=
𝑛
(3 × 108 )
𝑣=
1.55
𝑚
𝑣 = 1.94 × 108
𝑠
𝑑
𝑡=
𝑣
0.6 × 10−2 𝑚
𝑡= 𝑚
1.94 × 108
𝑠
𝑡 = 3.09 × 10−11 𝑠

25. What is the critical angle for a light passing from diamond to air if the index of refraction of diamond is 2.42?
sin 𝜃1 𝑛1
=
sin 𝜃2 𝑛2
𝜃2 = 90
sin 𝜃1 1
=
sin 90 2.42
𝜃1 = 24.41°

26. How far is the object from the image formed by a converging lens of focal length 50 cm, if the real image
formed is 2 times larger than the object?
1 1 1
+ =
𝑝 𝑞 50
𝑞 = +2𝑝
1 1 1
+ =
𝑝 2𝑝 50
𝑝 = 75 𝑐𝑚
𝑞 = 150 𝑐𝑚
𝑑 = 225 𝑐𝑚
27. A converging lens of focal length 20 cm is placed 37 cm in front of a screen. At what distance that the object
be placed so that its image appears on the screen?
𝑞 = 37 𝑐𝑚 (+)
𝑓 = 20 𝑐𝑚 (+)
1 1 1
+ =
𝑝 37 20
𝑝 = 43.53 𝑐𝑚

28. A lens has a convex surface of radius 17 cm and a concave surface of radius 38 cm and is made of glass of
refractive index 1.55. Calculate the focal length of the lens and classify the type of lens whether diverging or
converging.
 1 1 1
= (𝑛 − 1) ( + )
𝑓 𝑅1 𝑅2
1 1 1
= (1.55 − 1) ( + )
𝑓 17 −38
𝑓 = 55.93 𝑐𝑚 (+) ∴ 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑔

29. Which of the following electromagnetic waves has the maximum frequency?
30. What wavelength must electromagnetic radiation have if a photon in the beam is to have the same
momentum as an electron moving with a speed 2 x105 m/sec?
ℎ
𝜆=
𝑚𝑣
ℎ
𝜆=
𝑚𝑒 (2 × 105 )
𝜆 = 36.4 × 10−10 𝑚