Basic Education

KwaZulu-Natal Department of Basic Education

REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA

LIFE SCIENCES
Topic Test: Nucleic Acids
MARKS: 50 TIME: 60 minutes

___________________________________________________________________________________

SECTION A

Question 1

1.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions.
Write down the question number (1.1.1 to 1.1.4), choose the answer
and make a cross (X) over the letter (A to D) of your choice in the
ANSWER BOOK.

1.1.1 The structure of the DNA molecule was discovered by …

A Darwin and Lamarck.

B Mendel and Watson.
C Franklin and Wilkins.
D Watson and Crick.

1.1.2 Study the diagram below.

Life Sciences 2 Test: Nucleic Acids
NSC – Grade 12

An observable difference between molecule 1 and 2 is that …

A molecule 1 is double stranded and molecule 2 is single stranded.

B molecule 1 contains deoxyribose and molecule 2 contains ribose.
C molecule 1 has thymine and molecule 2 has uracil.
D molecule 1 is longer than molecule 2.

1.1.3

Which are the TWO adopted children of Zinhle and Ayanda?

A Litzwe and Bandile

B Lindiwe and Gugu
C Bandile and Lindiwe
D Gugu and Litzwe

1.1.4 A DNA molecule codes for a protein containing 150 amino acids.

How many nucleotides are likely to be present in this DNA molecule?

A 15
B 450
C 150
D 900 4x2 (8)
Life Sciences 3 Test: Nucleic Acids
NSC – Grade 12

1.2 Give the correct biological term for each of the following descriptions.
Write only the term next to the question number (1.2.1 to 1.2.4) in the
ANSWER BOOK.

1.2.1 The building block/monomer of a nucleic acid

1.2.2 Gaps in the nuclear membrane through which the mRNA leaves
the nucleus
1.2.3 The natural shape of the DNA molecule
1.2.4 A sudden change in the nucleotide sequence of a DNA molecule (4)

TOTAL SECTION A: 12

SECTION B
Question 2

2.1

2.1.1 Identify the following:

(a) Molecules W and U (2)

(b) Parts of molecules W labelled X and Y (2)

(c) Bond Z (1)

2.1.2 Where in the cell does this process occur? (1)

2.1.3 Name the phase of the cell cycle during which replication takes
place. (1)

2.1.4 Explain the consequences if the type of bond Z is not able to break. (3)

(10)
Life Sciences 4 Test: Nucleic Acids
NSC – Grade 12

2.2

2.2.1 Identify the following:

(a) Molecule X (1)

(b) Organelle Y (1)

(c) Nitrogenous base 1 (1)

2.2.2 Describe the role of DNA during transcription. (3)

2.2.3 The table below shows the amino acids that correspond with
different DNA codes.

AMINO ACID DNA CODE

Arginine TCT
Methionine TAC
Glycine GGT
Arginine TCG

Write down the correct sequence of amino acids coded for by

structure S in the diagram. (3)

2.2.4 If the 9th base on molecule S was changed to C, explain the

consequence to the protein formed. (3)

(12)
Life Sciences 5 Test: Nucleic Acids
NSC – Grade 12
2.3 DNA samples from a patient with an illness showed that there were two
different types of DNA present.

One was from a human and the other was from a virus. The two types of DNA
were isolated and put into different test tubes. The analysis of the nitrogenous
base composition of each type of DNA is shown in the table below.

Type of DNA Nitrogenous base composition (%)

Adenine Cytosine Guanine Thymine
Type 1 22.1 27.9 27.9 22.1
Type 2 31.1 31.3 18.7 18.9

2.3.1 Identify the:

(a) Independent variable

(b) Dependent variable (2)

2.3.2 Draw a bar graph that compares the composition of nitrogenous

bases of Type 2 DNA. (6)

2.3.3 List TWO ways to improve the reliability of this investigation. (2)

2.3.4 State TWO ways in which the validity of this investigation can be
ensured. (2)

2.3.5 Provide evidence for the identification of Type 1 DNA as being that
of a human. (2)

2.3.6 State TWO objections that people may have against keeping a
DNA database of all citizens in the country. (2)

(16)

TOTAL SECTION B: 38

FINAL TOTAL: 50
 Basic Education
KwaZulu-Natal Department of Basic Education
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA

LIFE SCIENCES
Topic Test Memorandum: Nucleic Acids
MARKS: 50 TIME: 60 minutes

___________________________________________________________________________

SECTION A

Question 1

1.1 1.1.1 DPP

1.1.2 CPP
1.1.3 DPP
1.1.4 DPP
(4 x 2) (8)

1.2 1.2.1 NucleotideP

1.2.2 Nuclear poreP
1.2.3 Double helixP
1.2.4 MutationP (4)

TOTAL SECTION A [12]

SECTION B

Question 2

2.1 2.1.1 (a) W - nucleotideP

U - DNAP (2)

(b) X - PhosphateP
Y - Deoxyribose P (2)

(c ) Z- Hydrogen bondP (1)

2.1.2 NucleusP (1)

2.1.3 InterphaseP (1)

2.1.4 - The two strands would not separateP

- The DNA will not replicateP
- and proteins synthesis will not take placeP (3)
(10)
Life Sciences 2 Memo: Nucleic Acids
NSC – Grade 12

2.2 2.2.1 (a) DNAP (1)

(b) RibosomeP (1)
(c) GuanineP (1)

2.2.2 - DNA codes for a particular proteinP

- One strand of DNA is used as a templateP
- to form mRNAP (3)

2.2.3 MethionineP, GlycineP, ArginineP (in the correct order) (3)

2.2.4 - The change in the mRNA codon does not change the amino
sequenceP
- and hence the protein formed remains the sameP,
- since the changed DNA triplet still codes for the same amino acidP,
arginine. (3)
(12)

2.3 2.3.1 (a) Type of DNAP

(b) Composition/Percentage of nitrogen basesP (2)

2.3.2 (6)

Nitrogenous base composition of Type 2 DNA

33 31,1 31,3
Nitrogenous base composition (%)

30
27
24
21 18,7 18,9
18
15
12
9
6
3
0
Adenine Cytosine Guanine Thymine
Bases of Type 2 DNA

Criteria Mark Allocation

Bar graph drawn for Type 2 DNA only 1
Title of graph (2 variables) 1
Correct scale for X-axis (equal width and spacing of
1
the bars) and Y-axis
Correct label X-axis (including unit) and Y-axis 1
Plotting of the bars 0: No bars plotted correctly
1: 1 to 3 bars plotted correctly
2: All 4 bars plotted correctly

NOTE:
If a line graph is drawn – marks will be awarded for the ‘title and label for X and Y axes' only
If a histogram is drawn – marks will be lost for the ‘type of graph and correct scale’ only
Life Sciences 3 Memo: Nucleic Acids
NSC – Grade 12

2.3.3 - Repeat the investigationP

- Take several readings and determine the averageP
- Increase the sample size P Any 2 (2)
(Mark first TWO only)

2.3.4 - Same amount of sample for both test tubes 1 and 2P

- Technique used to extract or determine amount of nitrogen base
composition must be the same for both test tubesP
- The environmental conditions must be the sameP Any 2 (2)
(Mark first TWO only)

2.3.5 - Since the ratio of adenine:thymine is the sameP

- and the ratio of guanine:cytosine is the sameP (2)

2.3.6 - Invasion or personal privacyP

- May be used for other unintended purposesP
- Too costlyP
- Confidentiality may not be maintainedP
- Mistakes in compiling the databaseP Any 2 (2)
(Mark first TWO only)

(16)

TOTAL SECTION A [38]

FINAL TOTAL [50]

Life Sciences 4 Memo: Nucleic Acids
NSC – Grade 12

Life Sciences Analysis Grid

Topic Test - Nucleic Acids

Cognitive
Levels
Question A B C D
1.1.1 2
1.1.2 2
1.1.3 2
1.1.4 2

1.2 4

2.1 .1 (a) 2
(b) 2
(c) 1

2.1.2 1
2.1.3 1
2.1.4 3

2.2.1 (a) 1
(b) 1
(c) 1

2.2.2 3
2.2.3 3
2.2.4 3

2.3.1 2
2.3.2 1 4 1
2.3.3 2
2.3.4 2
2.3.5 2
2.3.6 2

Actual Marks 19 11 11 9 50
Norm Marks 20 12,5 10 7,5 50
 Basic Education
KwaZulu-Natal Department of Basic Education
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA

LIFE SCIENCES
Topic Test: Meiosis and Reproductive Strategies
MARKS: 50 TIME: 60 minutes

___________________________________________________________________________________

SECTION A

Question 1

1.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions.
Write down the question number (1.1.1 to 1.1.5), choose the answer
and make a cross (X) over the letter (A to D) of your choice in the
ANSWER BOOK.

1.1.1 Which one of the following occurs during meiosis?

A A haploid cell gives rise to two haploid cells

B A diploid cell gives rise to two haploid cells
C A haploid cell gives rise to four haploid cells
D A diploid cell gives rise to four haploid cells

1.1.2 Which ONE of the following is most likely the chromosome

complement of a person with Down syndrome?

A 46 + XY
B 46 + XY
C 45 + XX
D 44 + XY

1.1.3 During meiosis II in humans …

A homologous pairs of chromosomes separate.

B chromosomes arrange singly at the equator.
C only the sex chromosomes separate.
D DNA replication takes place.

Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over

Life Sciences 2 Test: Meiosis and Reproductive Strategies
NSC – Grade 12

1.1.4 Internal fertilisation is the fusion of haploid nuclei of …

A male and female gametes in the body of the female.

B male and female gametes outside the body of the female.
C A haploid male gametes with a diploid female gamete inside the
body of the female.
D A haploid male gamete with a female somatic/body cell inside the
body of the female.

1.1.5 During which phase in meiosis does the chromatin network first
become visible as chromosomes?

A Prophase 1
B Telophase 2
C Anaphase 1
D Metaphase 2

(5 x 2) (10)

1.2 Give the correct biological term for each of the following descriptions.
Write only the term next to the question number (1.2.1 to 1.2.5) in the
ANSWER BOOK.

1.2.1 The structure in the amniotic egg used for gaseous exchange and the
storage of waste products
1.2.2 The structure that splits to form centrioles

1.2.3 Chromosome condition describing the presence of a single set of

chromosomes in a cell

1.2.4 The number and type of chromosomes possessed by an individual

1.2.5 Division of the cytoplasm

(5 x 1) (5)

1.3 Indicate whether each of the descriptions in COLUMN I applies to A ONLY,

B ONLY, BOTH A AND B or NONE of the items in COLUMN II. Write A only,
B only, both A and B or none next to the question number (1.3.1 to 1.3.3) in
the ANSWER BOOK.

COLUMN I COLUMN II
1.3.1 A phase during which chromatids A: Anaphase 1
separate and move to the opposite B: Anaphase 2
poles
1.3.2 The development in birds where the A: Precocial development
hatchling can move soon after being B: Altricial development
born
1.3.3 Eggs incubated in nests A: Ovovivipary
B: Ovipary
(3 x 2) (6)
Life Sciences 3 Test: Meiosis and Reproductive Strategies
NSC – Grade 12

1.4 The diagram below represents an animal cell in a phase of meiosis.

1.4.1 Identify part:

(a) A (1)

(b) B (1)

1.4.2 State whether the phase of meiosis shown above is a part of Meiosis I or
Meiosis II. (1)

1.4.3 Name the process responsible for the genetic variation represented in the
diagram. (1)

1.4.4 How many:

(a) Chromosomes are present in the cell above (1)

(b) Chromosomes will be present in each cell at the end of meiosis (1)

(c) Daughter cells will be present at the end of meiosis (1)

1.4.5 Name the:

(a) PROCESS that makes the chromosomes double stranded (1)

(b) MOLECULES involved in the process named in Question 1.4.5 (a). (1)

(9)

TOTAL SECTION A: 30
Life Sciences 4 Test: Meiosis and Reproductive Strategies
NSC – Grade 12

SECTION B

Question 2

2.1 The diagram below represents a phase in meiosis.

Cell 1 undergoes division to give rise to cells 2 and 3. Some alleles are
indicated by letters.

Cell 1

Cell 3
Cell 2
R R R R

T T t t

2.1.1 Explain why cell 1 does NOT belong to a human. (2)

2.1.2 How many chromosomes would be present in:

(a) Cell 2 at the end of telophase I (1)

(b) The daughter cells produced by cell 3 after meiosis II (1)

2.1.3 Draw a labelled diagram of a gamete that will result from cell 2. (5)

(9)
Life Sciences 5 Test: Meiosis and Reproductive Strategies
NSC – Grade 12

QUESTION 3

3.1 An investigation was conducted on the chances of women of different ages

having a baby with Down syndrome as a result of errors in Meiosis I and
Meiosis II.

The results of the investigation are shown in the diagram below.

Maternal age Incidence of Down syndrome

(years) (per 1 000 births)
Error in Error in
Meiosis I Meiosis II
<25 0,4 0,1
25–29 0,5 0,2
30–34 0,8 0,3
35–39 1,2 0,5
40+ 5,9 1,9
[Adapted from Developmental Biology Online: Human Meiosis 2014]

3.1.1 Draw a histogram to represent the information in the table above

regarding the error occurring in Meiosis II that leads to Down
syndrome. (6)

3.1.2 Name the error during meiosis that could eventually result in a child
with Down syndrome. (1)

3.1.3 According to the information in the table, is the error mentioned in

QUESTION 3.1.2 more likely to occur during Meiosis I or
Meiosis II? (1)

3.1.4 Over a five-year period a hospital recorded a total of 44 Down

syndrome babies born to mothers who were forty years and older.
How many of these babies were likely to have had the error that
caused Down syndrome occurring during Meiosis II? Show ALL
working. (3)

(11)

TOTAL SECTION B: 20

FINAL TOTAL: 50
 Basic Education
KwaZulu-Natal Department of Basic Education
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA

LIFE SCIENCES

Topic Test Memorandum: Meiosis and Reproductive Strategies

MARKS: 50 TIME: 60 minutes

_______________________________________________________________________________

SECTION A

Question 1

1.1 1.1.1 DPP

1.1.2 CPP
1.1.3 BPP
1.1.4 APP
1.1.5 APP
(5 x 2) (10)

1.2 1.2.1 AllantoisP

1.2.2 CentrosomeP
1.2.3 HaploidP
1.2.4 KaryotypeP
1.2.5 CytokinesisP
(5 x 1) (5)

1.3 1.3.1 B onlyPP (2)

1.3.2 A onlyPP (2)
1.3.3 B onlyPP (2)
(6)

1.4 1.4.1 (a) Centromereü (1)

(b) Spindle fibreü (1)

1.4.2 Meiosis Iü (1)

1.4.3 Crossing Overü (1)

1.4.4 (a) 4ü (1)

(b) 2ü (1)
(c) 4ü (1)

1.4.5 (a) DNA Replicationü (1)

(b) DNAü (1)
(9)

TOTAL SECTION A: 30
Life Sciences 2 Test: Meiosis & Reproductive Strategies
NSC – Grade 12

SECTION B

Question 2

2.1 2.1.1 - Human somatic cells have 46Pchromosomes

- and this cell only has 4P chromosomes (2)

2.1.2 (a) 2P (1)

(b) 2P (1)

2.1.3

Criteria to mark diagram

Heading 1
Only 2 daughter chromosomes in drawing 1
Large unreplicated chromosome indicating R 1
Small unreplicated chromosome indicating T 1
Any ONE correct label 1

(5)

(9)
Life Sciences 3 Test: Meiosis & Reproductive Strategies
NSC – Grade 12

Question 3

3.1 3.1.1

The incidence of Down syndrome as a result of errors in

meiosis II at different maternal ages P
2,0 2
P
1,8
1,8 1,9 TP

1,6
1,6
Incidence of Down syndrome

1,4
1,4
(per 1 000 births)

1,2
1,2

1,0 1

0,8
0,8
PP
0,6
0,6

0,4
0,4 0,5

0,2
0,2 0,3
0,2
0 0 0,1
P
<25 25-29 30-34 35-39 40+

Maternal age (years)

Criterion Elaboration Mark

Type of graph Histogram is drawn of Meiosis II 1
Caption Including both variables: 'Incidence of Down
syndrome and Maternal age' 1
Axis title Correct label and unit for X-axis and Y-axis 1
Scale Equal width of bars and spacing between bars 1
in the X-axis and correct scale for Y-axis
Plotting of the 1 – 4 bars plotted correctly – 1 mark 2
bars 5 bars correctly plotted – 2 marks
(6)
Life Sciences 4 Test: Meiosis & Reproductive Strategies
NSC – Grade 12

3.1.2 Non-disjunctionP (1)

3.1.3 Meiosis IP (1)

3.1.4 !,#
Number of Down syndrome babies = Px 44P
$,%
= 10,71P/11 babies (3)
(11)

TOTAL SECTION B: 20

FINAL TOTAL: 50
Life Sciences 5 Test: Meiosis & Reproductive Strategies
NSC – Grade 12

Life Sciences Analysis Grid

Topic Test - Meiosis and Reproductive Strategies

Cognitive Levels
Question A B C D
1.1.1 2
1.1.2 2
1.1.3 2
1.1.4 2
1.1.5 2
1.2 , 1.2.1-
1.2.5 5
1.3
1.3.1-1.3.5 6
1.4
1.4.1 2
1.4.2 1
1.4.3 1
1.4.4 2 1
1.4.5 2
Question 2
2.1.1 2
2.1.2(a) 1
2.1.2(b) 1
2.1.3 3 2

Question 3
3.1.1 1 4 1
3.1.2 1
3.1.3 1
3.1.4 3

Actual Marks 20 15 8 7 50
Norm Marks 20 12,5 10 7,5 50
 Basic Education
KwaZulu-Natal Department of Basic Education
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA

LIFE SCIENCES
Topic Test: Human Reproduction
MARKS: 50 TIME: 60 minutes
__________________________________________________________________________________

SECTION A

Question 1

1.1 Give the correct biological term for each of the following descriptions. Write only the term
next to the question number (1.1.1 to 1.1.3) in your ANSWER BOOK.

1.1.1 The hormone produced by the follicle in the ovary

1.1.2 The inner lining of the uterus where implantation of the embryo occurs

1.1.3 Part of the female reproductive system where fertilisation occurs.

(3)
Life Sciences 2 Test: Human Reproduction
NSC – Grade 12
SECTION B

Question 2

2.1 Study the diagram of the male reproductive system.

2.1.1 Write down the LETTER and the NAME of the following:

(a) The part where meiosis takes place (2)

(b) The part that transports semen and urine to the outside of the body (2)
(c) The part where immature sperm cells are stored (2)
(d) The gland that provides sperms with nutrients (2)

2.1.2 Write down the LETTER only of the part which is cut surgically during
male sterilisation. (1)
(9)

2.2 One contraceptive method for females is to take a daily oral pill that contains
progesterone.

Explain how this pill functions to prevent pregnancy. (4)

[13]
Life Sciences 3 Test: Human Reproduction
NSC – Grade 12

Question 3

3.1 Research shows that the average age of first menstruation is influenced by socio-
economic status as well as race.

Scientists carried out an investigation to determine how the average age of the first
menstruation of the girls in a community changed over time.

Their hypothesis was:

The average age of the first menstruation of girls in a community has decreased over
time.

3.1.1 For the investigation, state the:

(a) Independent variable (1)

(b) Dependent variable (1)

3.1.2 Name THREE planning steps that had to be considered before carrying
out the investigation. (3)

3.1.3 If the results show that the average age of first menstruation has remained
at 12,9 years of age for the last 25 years, explain the implications for the
hypothesis stated by the scientists. (2)

3.1.4 State TWO factors that must be kept constant during the investigation. (2)

(9)
Life Sciences 4 Test: Human Reproduction
NSC – Grade 12

3.2 Study the following graph indicating the hormonal changes during pregnancy.

3.2.1 Identify the following structures:

(a) A (1)
(b) B (1)

3.2.2 Explain what the result will be if structure A breaks down at the end of the
first week of pregnancy. (3)
(5)
[14]

SECTION C

Question 4

The unicellular zygote undergoes many developmental changes until it becomes a multicellular
foetus, nourished and protected by the mother.

Describe the changes that allow the zygote to eventually develop into a foetus and how this
foetus is nourished and protected during the period of pregnancy.

Content (17)
Synthesis (3)

NOTE: No marks will be awarded for answers in the form of flow charts, diagrams or
tables
TOTAL SECTION C: 20
GRAND TOTAL: 50
 Basic Education
KwaZulu-Natal Department of Basic Education
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA

LIFE SCIENCES
Topic Test Memorandum: Human Reproduction
MARKS: 50 TIME: 60 minutes

______________________________________________________________________________

SECTION A

Question 1

1.1 1.1.1 OestrogenP

1.1.2 EndometriumP
1.2.3 Fallopian tubeP [3]

Question 2

2.1 2.1.1 (a) FP testisP

(b) CP urethraP
(c) DP epididymisP
(d) GP seminal vesicleP (8)

2.1.2 BP (1)
(9)

2.2 - High levels of progesteroneP

- inhibits secretion of FSHP
- There is no development of an ovumP/primary follicle
- Therefore no ovum released/ovulationP
- Thus there will be no fertilisationP Any (4)

[13]
Life Sciences 2 Memo: Human Reproduction
NSC – Grade 12

Question 3

3.1

3.1.1 (a) Time P (1)

(b) Average age of first menstruationP (1)

3.1.2
- Decide on sample sizeP
- Decide on how to constitute the sampleP
- Decide on the recording toolP
- Ask permission from participantsP
(Mark first THREE only) Any (3)

3.1.3
- The hypothesis will be rejectedP/not accepted
- since it is not supported by the results obtainedP (2)

3.1.4
- Same socio-economic statusP
- Same raceP (2)
(Mark first TWO only)

(9)

3.2
3.2.1 (a) Corpus luteumP (1)
(b) PlacentaP (1)

3.2.2

- Progesterone production will stopP

- Endometrium will not be maintainedP
- Foetus will abort/ A miscarriage will occur P (3)
(5)

[14]
Life Sciences 3 Memo: Human Reproduction
NSC – Grade 12

Question 4

Development of foetus
- The zygote divides by mitosisP
- to form a ball of cellsP
- called the morulaP
- More mitotic divisions of the morula occurs to form a hollow ball of cellsP
- called a blastocystP/blastula
- The blastocyst attaches to the endometrial liningP
- The outer wall of the blastocyst, called the chorion, P
- develops projections called villiPwhich
- embeds/implants into the uterine wallP
- The cells of the embryo continues to divideP
- and differentiateP
- to form the different organs and limbsP
- and is now called a foetusP Any (10)

Protection of the foetus

- The foetus is enclosed in a sac called the amnionP
- filled with amniotic fluidP
- which protects the foetus against temperature fluctuationsP
- protects the foetus against dehydrationP
- and protects the foetus against mechanical injuryP/acts as a shock absorber Any (3)

Nutrition of the foetus

- The chorionic villi and the endometrium form the placentaP
- where the blood of both the foetus and the motherP
- run close to each otherP
- allowing for nutrients to diffusePinto the blood of the foetus
- The umbilical veinP
- carries the absorbed nutrients from the mother to the foetusP Any (4)
(17)

ASSESSING THE PRESENTATION OF THE ESSAY (3)

Relevance Logical sequence Comprehensive
All information provided is relevant to Ideas arranged in a logical/ Answered all aspects required
the topic cause-effect sequence by the essay
Only information relating to the Events that lead to the change ALL three aspects are
development of the zygote to the from a zygote to a foetus, the included:
foetus and its nutrition and protection and nutrition of the 1. Development of zygote
protection is included. foetus are stated in the order in to foetus (5/10)
which they occur 2. Nutrition of the foetus
There is no irrelevant information (2/3)
3. Protection of the foetus
(2/4)

1 mark 1 mark 1 mark

TOTAL: 20
GRAND TOTAL: 50
Life Sciences 4 Memo: Human Reproduction
NSC – Grade 12

Life Sciences Analysis Grid

Topic Test - Human Reproduction

Cognitive Levels
Question A B C D
1.1.1 1
1.1.2 1
1.1.3 1
2.1.1(a) 2
2.1.1(b) 2
2.1.1(c) 2
2.1.1(d) 2
2.1.2 1
2.2 4
3.1.1(a) 1
3.1.1(b) 1
3.1.2 3
3.1.3 2
3.1.4 2
3.2.1(a) 1
3.2.1(b) 1
3.2.2 3
4.1. 17 3

Actual
Marks 20 13 10 8 50
Norm
Marks 20 12,5 10 7,5 50
 Basic Education
KwaZulu-Natal Department of Basic Education
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA

LIFE SCIENCES

Grade 12
TOPIC TEST: Genetics
MARKS: 50 TIME: 60 minutes

___________________________________________________________________________________

SECTION A

Question 1

Give the correct biological term for each of the following descriptions. Write only the
term next to the question number (1.1 to 1.10) in the ANSWER BOOK.

1.1 Individual having two alleles that influence a characteristic in different ways (1)

1.2 The physical and/or functional expression of a gene (1)

1.3 An allele that expresses itself only when in the homozygous condition (1)

1.4 The insertion of a gene from one organism into the genetic material of another
organism (1)

1.5 Different forms of a gene that occur at the same locus (1)

1.6 A genetic disorder resulting in the non-production of the clotting factor

in blood (1)

1.7 A sudden change in the structure of a gene or chromosome (1)

1.8 Undifferentiated cells that can form any other cell type in an organism (1)

1.9 Disorder caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21 (1)

1.10 Characteristics controlled by alleles that are located on the gonosomes (1)

(10 x 1) (10)

TOTAL FOR SECTION A: [10]

Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over

Life Sciences 2 Test: Genetics
NSC – Grade 12

SECTION B

Question 2

2.1 In humans, eyebrows are either connected or not connected to each other as
shown below.
Eye brows not connected Eye brows connected

StudyLife
the family tree shown below that shows
Sciences 3 the inheritance ofTest:
connected or
NSC – Grade 12
not-connected eyebrows over four generations.

A B

C D

E F
Key:

Male with eyebrows not connected Female with eyebrows not connected

Male with eyebrows connected Female with eyebrow connected

Pedigree diagram showing inheritance of connected or not connected eyebrows.

2.1.1 How many males in the pedigree have eyebrows that are not
connected?
2.2.1 Which type of eyebrows is controlled by the dominant allele? (1) (1)
2.2.2 Provide ONE reason for your answer to Question 2.2.1 using evidence from
2.1.2 What percentage of females in the pedigree has eyebrows
the pedigree above.
that are
(2)
connected? Show ALL working. (2)
2.2.3 Persons E and F are twins. Did they develop from a single fertilised egg or
from two fertilised eggs? Give TWO reason based on their phenotypes
2.1.3 Which type of eyebrows is controlled by the dominant allele?
to support your answer. (3)
(1)

2.1.4 2.2.4 What percentage

Explain yourofanswer
females into
theQuestion
pedigree diagram
2.1.3have eyebrows
using that
evidence from the
are connected? Show ALL your working. (2)
pedigree diagram. (8)
(2)
(6)

2.3 In humans brown tooth enamel is inherited as a sex-linked recessive trait.

A man who carries the recessive allele will have brown tooth enamel.

A man with brown tooth enamel marries a woman with white teeth, but
whose father had brown tooth enamel.

Use X B for white teeth enamel and Xb for brown tooth enamel.

Copyright Reserved2.3.1 Explain why the woman is heterozygous for tooth enamel colour. (4) Turn Over
Please
Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over
Life Sciences 3 Test: Genetics
NSC – Grade 12

2.2 Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow.

Vaccine-producing bananas

Vaccinations protect people all over the world from diseases. Scientists are
working on producing a genetically modified banana that will act as a vaccine
against hepatitis B, a liver disease that affects more than 2 billion people
worldwide.

In future, many vaccines and other medicines may be given to people and
other animals in easy-to-eat fruit and vegetables

2.2.1 State TWO possible advantages of using bananas as a vaccine (2)

against diseases.

2.2.2 Give TWO reasons why people might be against the use of
genetically modified bananas. (2)
(4)

2.3 In humans brown tooth enamel is inherited as a sex-linked recessive trait. A

man who carries the recessive allele will have brown tooth enamel.

A man with brown tooth enamel marries a woman with white teeth, but whose
father had brown tooth enamel.

Use XB for white teeth enamel and Xb for brown tooth enamel.

2.3.1 Explain why the woman is heterozygous for tooth enamel colour. (4)

2.3.2 Use a genetic cross to show the possible ratio of the phenotypes of
their children. (6)
(10)

[20]

Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over

Life Sciences 4 Test: Genetics
NSC – Grade 12

Question 3

3.1 List the steps involved in the cloning process. (6)

3.2 Study the outline of the two genetic crosses shown below. Assume that R is
the allele for red flower colour and W is the allele for white flower colour.

Cross 1 Cross 2

Parents genotype RR x WW RR x WW

Offspring phenotype all with pink flowers all with flowers that have
patches of red and white

Explain why the offspring phenotype for Cross 1 and Cross 2 are different
even though the parents have the same genotype in both crosses. (4)

3.3 Represent a genetic cross to show the genotypes and phenotypes of the
offspring formed when a man with blood type AB marries a woman with blood
type O. (6)

3.4 Coat colour in mice is controlled by two alleles, black (B) and grey (b). Tail
length is controlled by two alleles long (T) and short (t). The punnet square
below shows a part of the cross between two mice. Genotype (i) has been left
out.

Parent 1 gametes

Gametes BT Bt bT bt
Bt BBTt BBtt BbTt Bbtt
Parent 2 Bt BBTt BBtt BbTt Bbtt
gametes Bt BBTt BBtt (i) Bbtt
Bt BBTt BBtt BbTt Bbtt

3.4.1 Give the genotype of Parent 1. (1)

3.4.2 Give the phenotype of Parent 2. (1)

3.4.3 Give the genotype of offspring (i). (1)

3.4.4 How many of the offspring will be black with a short tail? (1)

(4)
[20]

TOTAL FOR SECTION B: [40]

GRAND TOTAL: 50

Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over

Life Sciences 1 Test: Genetics
NSC – Grade 12

Basic Education
KwaZulu-Natal Department of Basic Education
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA

GRADE 12 LIFE SCIENCES

GENETICS TEST MEMORANDUM
MARKS: 50 TIME: 60 minutes

___________________________________________________________________________

SECTION A

Question 1

1.1 HeterozygousP/ hybrid

1.2 PhenotypeP
1.3 RecessiveP
1.4 Genetic modificationP
1.5 AllelesP
1.6 HaemophiliaP
1.7 MutationP
1.8 Stem cellsP
1.9 Down syndromeP
1.10 Sex-linkedPcharacteristics
(10 x 1) (10)

TOTAL SECTION A: 10

SECTION B

Question 2

2.1 2.1.1 4ü (1)

2.1.2 3/7 x 100ü = 42,86%ü (2)

2.1.3 Eyebrows not connectedü (1)

2.1.4 Parents A and B/C and D have eyebrows that are not connectedü
but produce a child with eyebrows which are connectedü
OR
Parents A and B/C and D must have the dominant characteristicü
in order to produce offspring with both phenotypesü (2)
(6)

Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over

Life Sciences 2 Test: Genetics
NSC – Grade 12

2.2 2.2.1 - Available worldwideP

- Children/ people like to eat itP
- Nutritious/contains carbohydrates, vitamins, etc.P
- Can be locally grownP Any (2)
Mark first TWO only

2.2.2 - Risk to human health not yet knownP

- Religious objection to genetic engineeringP
- Do not eat bananas/ allergic to bananasP
- Shelf life of vaccine will be lowP Any (2)
Mark first TWO only
(4)

2.3 2.3.1 - Her father had brown tooth enamelü

- Therefore his genotype must have been XbYü
- She could only inherit the recessive Xbü from her father.
- She had white teeth, so she must have one dominant allele XB ü and
therefore she must be heterozygous. (4)

2.3.2

P1 Phenotype brown enamel x white enamelP

Genotype X bY x X BX bP
Meiosis
G/gametes X b, Y x XB ,XbP
Fertilisation
F1 Genotype XBY, XbY, XBXb, XbXbP

Phenotype 1 son with white enamel, 1 son with brown enamel

1 daughter with white enamel, 1 daughter with brown enamelü
P1 and F1P
Meiosis and fertilisationP

OR

P1 Phenotype brown enamel x white enamelP

Genotype X bY x X BX bP

Meiosis
Gametes Xb Y
Fertilisation XB X BX b X BY
Xb X bX b X bY

1 mark for correct gametes

1 mark for correct genotypes

F1 Phenotype 1 son with white enamel, 1 son with brown enamel

1 daughter with white enamel, 1 daughter with brown enamelü
P1 and F1P
Meiosis and fertilisationP
(6)
(10)

[20]

Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over

Life Sciences 3 Test: Genetics
NSC – Grade 12
Question 3

3.1 - An ovum is removed from a sheepP

- and the nucleus is removed from the ovumP
- The nucleus is removed from the body cell of a second sheepP
- This nucleus is inserted into the ovumP
- The ovum is inserted back into the first sheepP
- Since this ovum has a diploid nucleusP
- it develops into a diploid zygote/embryoP
- identical to the second sheepP Any (6)

3.2 - In cross 1 there is incomplete dominanceP/neither allele is dominant over the other
- and hence an intermediate phenotype is produced in the offspringP
- In cross 2 there is co-dominanceP/both alleles are equally dominant
- and hence both phenotypes appear together in the offspringP
(4)

3.3

P1 Phenotype AB x OP
Genotype I AI B x iiP
Meiosis
G/gametes IA ; IB x i , iP
Fertilisation
F1 Genotype IAi, IBi P

Phenotype One blood type A ; one blood type Bü

P1 and F1P
Meiosis and fertilisationP
OR

P1 Phenotype AB x OP
Genotype I AI B x ii P

Meiosis
Gametes i i
Fertilisation IA I Ai I Ai
IB I Bi I Bi

1 mark for correct gametes

1 mark for correct genotypes

F1 Phenotype One blood type A ; one blood type Bü

P1 and F1P
Meiosis and fertilisationP
(6)

3.4 3.4.1 BbTtP (1)

3.4.2 Black, shortP (1)
3.4.3 BbTtP (1)
3.4.4 8P (1)
(4)
[20]

TOTAL FOR SECTION B: 40

GRAND TOTAL: 50

Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over

 Life Sciences Analysis Grid

Topic Test - Genetics

Cognitive Levels
Question A B C D
1.1 - 1.1.10 10

2.1
2.1.1 1
2.1.2 2
2.1.3 1
2.1.4 2

2.2
2.2.1 2
2.2.2 2

2.3
2.3.1 4
2.3.2 6

3.1 6

3.2 4

3.3 6

3.4.
3.4.1 1
3.4.2 1
3.4.3 1
3.4.4 1

Actual Marks 17 14 12 7 50
Norm Marks 20 12,5 10 7,5 50
 Basic Education
KwaZulu-Natal Department of Basic Education
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA

LIFE SCIENCES
Grade 12
Topic Test: Nervous Co-ordination
MARKS: 50 TIME: 60 minutes

___________________________________________________________________________________

SECTION A

Question 1

1.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions.
Write down the question number (1.1.1 to 1.1.3), choose the answer
and make a cross (X) over the letter (A to D) of your choice in the
ANSWER BOOK.

1.1.1 A part of the brain that regulates body temperature is the …

A cerebellum.
B cerebrum.
C hypothalamus.
D corpus callosum.

1.1.2 Below is a list of changes that occur in the human eye when viewing
an object closer than 6 metres.

(i) The lens becomes more convex.

(ii) The ciliary muscles contract.
(iii) There is less tension on the lens.
(iv) The suspensory ligaments slacken.

Which ONE of the following represents the correct sequence in which

these changes take place?

A (i)à(ii)à(iii)à(iv)
B (ii)à(iv)à(iii)à(i)
C (i) à(iii)à(ii)à(iv)
D (ii)à (iii)à (i)à (iv)

Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over

Life Sciences 2 Test: Nervous Co-ordination
NSC – Grade 12

1.1.3 When a person spends most of his/her time looking at a cell phone or
computer screen the ciliary muscles of the eye are in a constant state
of contraction. The muscles cannot return to their relaxed position.

As a result, the muscles are unable to change the …

A shape of the lens to focus on distant objects.

B shape of the lens to focus on nearby objects.
C size of the pupil to let more light into the eye.
D size of the pupil to reduce the amount of light entering the eye.
(3 x 2) (6)

1.2 Give the correct biological term for each of the following descriptions.
Write only the term next to the question number (1.2.1 to 1.2.4) in the
ANSWER BOOK.

1.2.1 The watery fluid that supports the cornea and the front chamber of the
eye

1.2.2 A part of the nervous system that consists of a sympathetic and a

parasympathetic section

1.2.3 The layer of the eyeball that contains photoreceptors

1.2.4 Changes that take place in the shape of the lens in response to the
distance of an object from the eye (4)

1.3 Indicate whether each of the descriptions in COLUMN I applies to A ONLY,

B ONLY, BOTH A AND B or NONE of the items in COLUMN II. Write A only,
B only, both A and B or none next to the question number (1.3.1 to 1.3.2) in
the ANSWER BOOK.

COLUMN I COLUMN II
1.3.1 Co-ordinates balance A Cerebrum
B Cerebellum

1.3.2 Converts a stimulus into an impulse A Effector

B Receptor

(2 x 2) (4)

TOTAL SECTION A: 14

Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over

Life Sciences 3 Test: Nervous Co-ordination
NSC – Grade 12

SECTION B

QUESTION 2

2.1 The diagram below represents the middle ear of humans.

A
C
D

2.1.1 Identify:

(a) A (1)

(b) B (1)

(c) C (1)

2.1.2 Give the LETTER and the NAME of the part that:

(a) Absorbs sound waves to prevent an echo (2)

(b) May become blocked with mucus when infected, which may result
in temporary hearing loss (2)

2.1.3 Explain how parts A and C together are adapted to amplify sound. (3)
(10)

2.2 Describe how the ear plays a role in maintaining balance when the body
changes speed and direction. (5)

Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over

Life Sciences 4 Test: Nervous Co-ordination
NSC – Grade 12

2.3 Study the following extract.

A LINK BETWEEN CONCUSSION AND BRAIN DAMAGE

In 2002, a former American football player was found dead in his truck. The
doctor who handled the autopsy discovered that the football player had
severe brain damage and that his death was caused by repeated blows to
the head or repeated concussions. He called this disorder chronic traumatic
encephalopathy (CTE).

A more recent study was conducted which involved the brains of 165 people
who played football at high school, college or professional level. The study
found evidence of CTE in 131 of the brains.
[Adapted from www.wikipedia.org and www.theatlantic.com]

2.3.1 The part of the brain affected by CTE is the cerebrum.

State TWO possible symptoms of this disorder. (2)

2.3.2 State TWO ways in which the brain is protected. (2)

2.3.3 Explain why CTE does not usually affect essential life processes such
as breathing or heart rate. (2)
(6)
[21]

Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over

Life Sciences 5 Test: Nervous Co-ordination
NSC – Grade 12

QUESTION 3

3.1 The graph below indicates changes in the diameter of the pupil in the human eye.

3.1.1 Identify the dependent variable in this investigation. (1)

3.1.2 Which structure in the human eye is responsible for the changes
indicated in the graph? (1)

3.1.3 During which period of time was the person moving from dim light to
bright light? (1)

3.1.4 Describe the changes that took place in the eye that led to the
diameter change indicated from 30 to 40 seconds. (3)
(6)

Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over

Life Sciences 6 Test: Nervous Co-ordination
NSC – Grade 12

3.2 The diagram below represents the reflex arc.

A
E

B
D

3.2.1 Identify part:

(a) C (1)

(b) D (1)

(c) E (1)

3.2.2 Draw a labeled diagram of neuron A to show its structure. (4)

3.2.3 Explain what would happen if part B is damaged. (2)

(9)
[15]

TOTAL SECTION B: 36

GRAND TOTAL: 50

Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over

 Basic Education
KwaZulu-Natal Department of Basic Education
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA

GRADE 12 LIFE SCIENCES

Topic Test Memorandum: Nervous System
MARKS: 50

________________________________________________________________________________

SECTION A

QUESTION 1

1.1 1.1.1 CPP

1.1.2 BPP
1.1.3 APP
(3 x 2) (6)

1.2 1.2.1 Aqueous humourP

1.2.2 Autonomic Nervous SystemP
1.2.3 RetinaP
1.2.4 AccommodationP (4)

1.3 1.3.1 B onlyPP (2)

1.3.2 B onlyPP (2)
(6)

TOTAL SECTION A: 14

SECTION B

QUESTION 2

2.1 2.1.1 (a) Tympanic membraneP (1)

(b) IncusP/anvil (1)
(c) Oval windowP (1)

2.1.2 (a) DP – round windowP (2)

(b) EP – Eustachian tubeP (2)

2.1.3 - A/tympanic membrane is largerP/larger surface area

- than C/the oval windowP/smaller surface area
- Therefore, the incoming sound waves are concentrated on
smaller areaPthus amplifying the sound. (3)
(10)

Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over

Life Sciences 2 Test: Nervous Co-ordination
NSC – Grade 12

2.2 - The cristaeP

- are stimulatedP
- and converts the stimulus into a nerve impulseP
- which is transmitted via the auditory nerveP
- to the cerebellumPfor interpretation
- from where impulses are transmitted via motor neuronsP
- to the skeletal musclesP/effectors to restore balance (5)

2.3 2.3.1 - Loss of higher thought processesP

- Loss of one or more of the sensesP
- Loss of voluntary actionsP
(Mark first TWO only) Any (2)

2.3.2 - The skullP

- The meningesP
- The cerebrospinal fluidP
(Mark first TWO only) Any (2)

2.3.3 - The medulla oblongataP which controls breathing and heart rate
- is not damagedP (2)
(6)
[21]

QUESTION 3

3.1 3.1.1 Diameter of pupilP (1)

3.1.2 IrisP (1)

3.1.3 20 – 30Ps (1)

3.1.4 - Radial muscles of the iris contractedP

- Circular muscles of the iris relaxedP
- Pupil increased in diameter/dilatedP (3)
(6)

3.2 3.2.1 (a) EffectorP/muscle (1)

(b) Spinal nerveP/ventral root of spinal nerve (1)

(c) interneuronP/connector neuron (1)

Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over

 2.3.5
- but will not be able to respond to it! (2)

Life Sciences 2.3.6 3 Test: Nervous Co-ordination

NSC – Grade 12

Sensory/Afferent neuron

3.2.2 Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Dendrite Axon

Cell body

Myelin sheath
Sensory Neuron
CRITERION MARKS ALLOCATION
Caption 1 mark
Mark allocation
Any 4 labels 4 marks

CaptionP (5)
Correct type of neuronP (14)
Any 2 correct labelsPP (4)

3.2.3 - The person will not be able to reactP

- since no impulse will be taken to the musclesP/effectors. (2)
Copyright reserved Please turn over (9)
[15]

TOTAL SECTION B: 36

GRAND TOTAL: 50

Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over

 Life Sciences Analysis Grid
Topic Test - Nervous Co-ordination
Cognitive Levels
Question 1 A B C D
1.1
1.1.1 2
1.1.2 2
1.1.3 2
1.2
1.2.1 1
1.2.2 1
1.2.3 1
1.2.4 1
1.3
1.3.1 2
1.3.2 2
Question 2
2.1
2.1.1(a) 1
2.1.1(b) 1
2.1.1(c) 1
2.1.2(a) 1 1
2.1.2(b) 1 1
2.1.3 3
2.2 5
2.3
2.3.1 2
2.3.2 2
2.3.3 2
Question 3
3.1
3.1.1 1
3.1.2 1
3.1.3 1
3.1.4 3
3.2
3.2.1(a) 1
3.2.1(b) 1
3.2.1(c) 1
3.2.2 4
3.2.3 2
Actual Marks 21 15 10 4 50
Norm Marks 20 12,5 10 7,5 50
 Basic Education
KwaZulu-Natal Department of Basic Education
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA

LIFE SCIENCES
Grade 12
TOPIC TEST: Endocrine and Homeostasis
MARKS: 50 TIME: 60 minutes
___________________________________________________________________________________

SECTION A
Question 1

1.1 Indicate whether each of the descriptions in COLUMN I applies to A ONLY, B ONLY,
BOTH A AND B or NONE of the items in COLUMN II. Write A only, B only, both A
and B or none next to the question number (1.1.1. to 1.1.5) in the ANSWER BOOK.

COLUMN I COLUMN II
1.1.1 Used to transport hormones from A: Blood
endocrine glands B: Ducts
1.1.2 Caused by a shortage of glucagon A: Diabetes
B: Hyperthyroidism
1.1.3 May constrict blood vessels A: Adrenalin
supplying the skin B: Hypothalamus
1.1.4 Increases when there is a shortage A: Aldosterone level
of salts in the body B: Permeability of kidney
tubules
1.1.5 Produced by the adrenal glands A: ADH
B: Aldosterone
(5 x 2) (10)

1.2 Give the correct biological term for each of the following descriptions.
Write only the term next to the question number (1.2.1 to 1.2.5) in the
ANSWER BOOK.

1.2.1 The maintenance of a constant internal environment in the body

within narrow limits

1.2.2 An increase in the diameter of blood vessels which increases blood

flow

1.2.3 The hormone that is responsible for water re-absorption in the

kidney tubules

1.2.4 The hormone that stimulates milk production

1.2.5 The hormone that maintains pregnancy (5 x 1) (5)

TOTAL SECTION A: 15
Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over
 1.18 Organ&on&which&the&adrenal&glands&are&located&
Life Sciences 1.19 Pancreatic&secretion&that&increases&the&blood&sugar&level&
2 Test: Endocrine & Homeostasis
NSC – Grade 12
1.20 Part&of&the&brain&to&which&the&hypophysis&is&attached&
SECTION B
! !
QuestionActivity!2!
2 &
! &
2.1 Study the diagram showing the position of various endocrine glands.
1.& Study&the&diagram&below&showing&the&endocrine& 1.1& Identify&th
glands&found&in&human&males&and&females.& & &
! & A:&
& & & B:&
& A& & C:&
&
& B& & D:&
& & & E:&
& & F:&
& & &
&
& C& 1.2& Name& the
& diagram)&t
&
D& & &
& & &
&

E&
& F&

Understanding&Life&Sciences&& ! 34&
&
2.1.1 Identify gland:

(a) A (1)
(b) D (1)
(c) F (1)

2.1.2 Write down the LETTER only of the gland that:

(a) Produces the hormone that stimulates ovulation (1)

(b) Produces oestrogen (1)
(c) Is both endocrine and exocrine (1)

(6)

Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over

Life Sciences 3 Test: Endocrine & Homeostasis
NSC – Grade 12

Question 3

The graph below shows the relationship between skin temperature, temperature of the
hypothalamus, and the rate of evaporation of sweat of a person in a warm chamber
(45°C). Iced water was swallowed at points X, Y and Z.

3.1 Describe how the skin temperature was maintained during the first
20 minutes in the warm chamber. (3)

3.2 Explain why the sweating drops shortly after the intake of iced water. (3)

3.3 Explain the opposite trend observed for the hypothalamic temperature and
the skin temperature in the 15 minutes following the first drink of iced
water. (3)
(9)

TOTAL SECTION B: 15

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Life Sciences 4 Test: Endocrine & Homeostasis
NSC – Grade 12

SECTION C

Question 4

During an emergency adrenalin stimulates an increase in the glucose level which

leads to an increase in the metabolic rate. The high level of carbon dioxide produced
must be decreased back to normal.

Describe the THREE negative feedback mechanisms through which the above
changes occur.

Content: (17)
Synthesis: (3)
(20)

NOTE: NO marks will be awarded for answers in the form of flow charts, tables or
diagrams.

TOTAL SECTION C: 20
GRAND TOTAL: 50

Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over

 Basic Education
KwaZulu-Natal Department of Basic Education
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA

GRADE 12 LIFE SCIENCES

TEST MEMORANDUM: Endocrine and Homeostasis
MARKS: 50 TIME: 60 minutes
________________________________________________________________________________
SECTION A

QUESTION 1
1.1 1.1.1 A onlyPP
1.1.2 NonePP
1.1.3 Both A and BPP
1.1.4 Both A and BPP
1.1.5 B onlyPP (10)

1.2 1.2.1 HomeostasisP

1.2.2 VasodilationP
1.2.3 ADHP
1.2.4 ProlactinP
1.2.5 ProgesteroneP (5)
[15]

SECTION B
QUESTION 2

2.1 2.1.1 (a) PituitaryP/Hypophysis

(b) AdrenalP
(c) TestisP (3)

2.1.2 (a) AP
(b) EP
(c) CP (3)
(6)

QUESTION 3
3.1 - Blood vessels in the surface of the skin dilatedP
- More blood was carried to the skinP
- producing more sweatP/increasing heat loss (3)

3.2 - The temperature of the blood will be coolerP and

- The blood vessels on the surface of the skin constrictP
- The volume of blood flowing near the surface is reducedP
- The sweat glands become less activePproducing less sweat Any (3)

3.3 - Temperature in the hypothalamus decreasesP

- and hence sweating decreasesP
- causing an increasing in the skin temperatureP (3)
(9)
[15]
Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over
Life Sciences 2 Test: Endocrine & Homeostasis
NSC – Grade 12
`
SECTION C

QUESTION 4

• Increase in glucose level

- The pancreas is stimulatedP
- to secrete glucagonP
- which stimulates the liver/musclesP
- to convert glycogen to glucoseP
- which is then released into the bloodstreamP (5)

• Increase in the metabolic rate

- The pituitary is stimulatedP
- to produce more TSHP
- which stimulates the thyroid glandP
- to secrete more thyroxinP (4)

• Decrease in carbon dioxide level

- The medulla oblongataP
- is stimulated to send impulsesP
- to the heart musclesP
- to increase the heartbeatP
- bringing carbon dioxide quickly to the lungsP
- Impulses are also sent to the breathing musclesP
- to increase the breathing rateP
- so that carbon dioxide is expelled quickly from the lungsP (8)
(17)
Content: (3)
Synthesis: [20]

ASSESSING THE PRESENTATION OF THE ESSAY

Relevance Logical sequence Comprehensive
All information provided is relevant to Ideas arranged in a logical/ Answered all aspects required
the topic cause-effect sequence by the essay
All the information provided is relevant All the information about: At least the following marks
to the mechanism involved in: should be obtained:
- Increasing the glucose level
- Increasing the glucose level - Increasing metabolic rate - Increasing the glucose
- Increasing metabolic rate - Decreasing the level of CO2 level (3/5)
- Decreasing the level of CO2 - Increasing metabolic rate
is arranged in a logical manner (3/4)
There is no irrelevant information - Decreasing the level of
CO2 (5/8)
1 mark 1 mark 1 mark

TOTAL SECTION C: 20
GRAND TOTAL: 50

Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over

 Life Sciences Analysis Grid

Topic Test - Genetics

Cognitive Levels
Question A B C D
1.1.1 - 1.1.5 10

1.2.1 - 1.2.5 5

2.1.1 3
2.1.2 3

3.1 3
3.2 3
3.3 3

4 13 4 3

Actual Marks 21 16 7 6 50
Norm Marks 20 12,5 10 7,5 50
 Basic Education
KwaZulu-Natal Department of Basic Education
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA

LIFE SCIENCES
Grade 12
TOPIC TEST: General Evolution
MARKS: 50 TIME: 60 minutes
___________________________________________________________________________________

SECTION A
Question 1

Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Write
down the question number (1.1 to 1.3), choose the answer
and make a cross (X) over the letter (A to D) of your choice in the ANSWER BOOK.

1.1 Which ONE of the following is a reproductive isolating mechanism?

A Breeding at the same time of the year

B Same courtship behaviour
C Fertile offspring
D Adaptation to different pollinators

1.2 Which ONE of the following is a source of variation?

A Mitosis
B Cloning
C DNA replication
D Crossing over

1.3 Scientists can develop crops that are pest resistant through the process
of …

A Reproductive isolation
B Artificial selection
C Speciation
D Natural selection

3x2 (6)

TOTAL SECTION A: [6]

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Life Sciences 2 Test: General Evolution
NSC – Grade 12

SECTION B

Question 2

2.1 Finches of the species Geospiza fortis are found on one of the Galápagos
Islands. There was variation in the size of their beaks.

All the finches used to feed on small, soft seeds which were plentiful on the
island. Then the island was affected by a severe drought which made food
scarce.

Many of the plants on the island died. The small, soft seeds were all gone.
Only hard, woody seeds remained.

Scientists conducted an investigation to determine the relationship between

beak size and survival of the finches before and during the drought.

The table below shows the results of part of the investigation based on
samples taken before and during the drought.

BEAK SIZE NUMBER OF FINCHES NUMBER OF FINCHES

(mm) BEFORE THE DROUGHT DURING THE DROUGHT
7,3 2 0
7,8 12 2
8,3 30 4
8,8 48 4
9,3 45 6
9,8 40 8
10,3 25 10

2.1.1 Name the independent variables in this investigation. (2)

2.1.2 Account for the higher number of finches with larger beaks during
the drought. (3)

2.1.3 Predict which beak size (from the above table) would be present in
the birds that survive if the drought continued. (1)

2.1.4 State TWO ways in which the reliability of the results could be
improved. (2)

(8)

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Life Sciences 3 Test: General Evolution
NSC – Grade 12

2.2 Study the table below that shows the change in antibiotic resistance in three
strains of bacteria (MRSA, VRE and FQRP) over a period of 20 years.

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE (%)

YEAR
MRSA VRE FQRP
1981 2 0 0
1985 10 0 0
1989 15 2 0
1993 40 5 5
1997 40 20 10
2001 60 20 25

2.2.1 Which bacterial strain was:

(a) Most resistant to antibiotics over the years (1)

(b) Last to develop antibiotic resistance (1)

2.2.2 Antibiotic resistance in VRE increased from 1993 to 1997 by 15%.

Calculate the percentage increase that this represents from the
1993 figure. Show your working. (2)

2.2.3 Draw a line graph to show the development of antibiotic resistance

in the bacterial strain MRSA. (6)
(10)

2.3 The diagram below represents two species of shrimp. Each species currently
lives in shallow seas on opposite sides of a strip of land.

Species A Species B

Species A was the original species in this area.

Describe how species B could have arisen through geographic isolation. (6)

TOTAL SECTION B: [24]

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Life Sciences 4 Test: General Evolution
NSC – Grade 12

SECTION C

Question 3

Describe how Lamarck and Darwin explained evolution, and compare Darwin’s ideas
to the ideas of Punctuated equilibrium.

Content: (17)
Synthesis: (3)
(20)

NOTE: NO marks will be awarded for answers in the form of flow charts, tables or
diagrams.

TOTAL SECTION C: [20]

GRAND TOTAL: [50]

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 Basic Education
KwaZulu-Natal Department of Basic Education
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA

LIFE SCIENCES
Grade 12
TEST MEMORANDUM: General Evolution
MARKS: 50 TIME: 60 minutes
___________________________________________________________________________________

SECTION A

Question 1

1.1 DPP (2)

1.2 DPP (2)

1.3 BPP (2)

3x2 (6)

TOTAL SECTION A: [6]

SECTION B

Question 2

Question 2

2.1 2.1.1 - Beak sizeP

- Presence or absence of droughtP (2)

2.1.2 - During the drought only hard woody seeds remainedP

- Finches with bigger beaks could crack open the seeds more
easilyP
- had sufficient foodP
- and survivedP and reproduced Any 3 (3)

2.1.3 10,3 mmP (1)

2.1.4 Repeat the investigationP

Increase the sample sizeP
Take many samplesP Any 2 (2)
MARK FIRST TWO ONLY
(8)

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Life Sciences 2 Test: General Evolution
NSC – Grade 12

2.2 2.2.1 (a) MRSAP (1)

(b) FQRPP (1)

2.2.2 (20-5) 100P OR (15) 100P

5 x 1 5 x 1

. = 300P% (2)

2.2.3

Changes in the percentage of antibiotic resistance in P

MRSA from 1981 to 2001/ over 20 years
P
70
60TP
60
Antibiotic resistance (%) in

50
40 40
40
PP
MRSA

30

20 15
10
10
2
0
1981 1985 1989 1993 1997 2001

Years P

Criteria Mark Allocation

Correct type of graph (line graph) 1
Title of graph including both 1
variables
Correct label and units for X-axis 1
and Y-axis
Correct scale for X-axis and Y- 1
axis
Plotting of points 1 – 1 to 5 points plotted correctly
2 – all 6 points plotted correctly

NOTE:
If the wrong type of graph is drawn, marks will be lost for:
• 'Correct type of graph'
• 'Plotting of points'

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Life Sciences 3 Test: General Evolution
NSC – Grade 12

If the axes are transposed:

The learner will lose 2 marks for correct label and scale for x and y axes

If learners draw all 3 graphs on the same system of axes:

• Learners will lose the mark for the title
• Learners will lose 1 mark for correct label and scale for y axis
• If all three graphs drawn are labelled, mark the correct MRSA graph
• If all three graphs drawn are not labelled, marks for plotting will be lost

If learners draw three graphs separately mark the first graph

(6)
(10)

2.3 - As a result of a drop in the water levelP

- The original population of species A was separatedP into two populations
- by a geographical barrierP/strip of land
- There was no gene flowPbetween the populations
- Each population was exposed to different environmental conditionsP
- Natural selection occurred independentlyP in each population
- and the individuals of each population became different from each otherP
over time
- genotypically and phenotypicallyP
- Even if the two populations were to mix againP
- they would not be able to reproduce with each otherP
(Any 6) (6)

TOTAL SECTION B: [24]

SECTION C

Question 3

Evolution according to Lamarck

Lamarck explained evolution using the following two 'laws':

The law of use and disuse: P
- As an organism uses a structure or organ more regularly it becomes better
developed or enlarged in that organismP
- If an organism does not use a structure or organ frequently it becomes less
developed or reduced in size and may disappear altogether in that organismP

The inheritance of acquired characteristics: P

- Characteristics developed during the life of an individualP
- can be passed on to their offspring P
Any (5)

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Life Sciences 4 Test: General Evolution
NSC – Grade 12

Evolution according to Darwin

- There is a great deal of variationP amongst the offspring

- Some have favourable characteristicsP
- and some do notP
- When there is a change in the environmental conditionsP/or
there is competition
- Then organisms with characteristics which are more favourable surviveP
- whilst organisms with less favourable characteristics dieP
- This is called natural selectionP
- The organisms that survive reproduceP
- and thus pass on the favourable characteristics to their offspringP
- The next generation will therefore have a higher proportion of individuals with the
favourable characteristicsP
Any (8)

Darwin's ideas about gradualism compared to Punctuated Equilibrium

- Darwin believed that evolution takes place through an accumulation of

smallP/gradual changes
- that occur over a long period of timeP
- supported by transitional forms in the fossil recordP
- Punctuated equilibrium suggested that evolution sometimes involves long periods
of time where species do not changeP/very little change occurs
- This alternates with short periods of time where rapid changes occurP
- New species are formed in a short period of time relative to the long period of
no/little change
- and is supported by the absence of transitional formsP
Any (4)
(17)
Content: (3)
Synthesis: (20)

ASSESSING THE PRESENTATION OF THE ESSAY

Criterion Relevance (R) Logical sequence (L) Comprehensive (C)

Generally All information provided is Ideas are arranged in a All aspects required by the
relevant to the topic logical/cause-effect sequence essay have been sufficiently
addressed
In this essay Information provided relates The information provided for At least the following
only to - Lamarck included:
- Lamarck - Darwin - Lamarck (3/5)
- Darwin - Punctuated Equilibrium - Darwin (5/8)
- Punctuated Equilibrium arranged logically. - Punctuated Equilibrium
There is no irrelevant (2/4)
information.
Mark 1 1 1

TOTAL SECTION C: [20]

GRAND TOTAL: [50]

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Life Sciences 5 Test: General Evolution
NSC – Grade 12

Life Sciences Analysis Grid

Topic Test - General Evolution

Cognitive Levels

Question A B C D
1.1-1.3 6

2.1.1 2
2.1.2 3
2.1.3 1
2.1.4 2

2.2.1 2
2.2.2 2
2.2.3 1 3 2

2.3 6

3 13 4 3

Actual Marks 20 11 10 9 50
Norm Marks 20 12,5 10 7,5 50

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 Basic Education
KwaZulu-Natal Department of Basic Education
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA

LIFE SCIENCES
Grade 12
TOPIC TEST: Human Evolution
MARKS: 50 TIME: 60 minutes

___________________________________________________________________________________

SECTION A

Question 1

Indicate whether each of the descriptions in COLUMN I applies to A ONLY, B ONLY,

BOTH A AND B or NONE of the items in COLUMN II. Write A only, B only, both A
and B or none next to the question number (1.1 to 1.5) in the ANSWER BOOK.

COLUMN I COLUMN II
1.1 Bipedal organism A: Homo erectus
B: Homo habilis
1.2 Pelvis is short and wide A: Bipedal organism
B: Quadrupedal organism
1.3 Family Hominidae A: Chimps
B: Gorillas
1.4 Advantage of large brain size A: Faster processing of information
B: Process more information
1.5 Well-developed brow ridges A: Homo sapiens
B: Ardipithecus sp.
(5 x 2) (10)

TOTAL SECTION A: 10

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Life Sciences 2 Test: Human Evolution
NSC – Grade 12

SECTION B

Question 2

The phylogenetic tree below illustrates one interpretation of the origin of humans.
The dotted lines indicate possible evolutionary relationships and the vertical bars show
the time period for which fossils are known for each species.

2.1 Name the ancestral species in the above phylogenetic tree. (1)

2.2 What evidence in the phylogenetic tree supports the idea that
Homo sapiens is very closely related to Homo neanderthalensis? (2)

2.3 For what period of time did A. africanus exist on Earth?

Show your working. (3)

2.4 Fossilised skeletons of Australopithecus sediba were discovered in

the Malapa Caves. When scientists analysed the fossils, they
discovered that they shared some characteristics with the genus
Homo.

Between which TWO species would Australopithecus sediba be

placed in the above phylogenetic tree. (2)

2.5 Which species from the above diagram was said to be the first
species to have moved out of Africa? (1)

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Life Sciences 3 Test: Human Evolution
NSC – Grade 12

2.6 Name the species from the above phylogenetic tree that was the
first species to use stone tools. (1)

2.7 Partial skeletons and bones of Ardipithecus spp were discovered in

Ethiopia. Name the scientist that was responsible for this
discovery. (1)

2.8 Give TWO examples of fossils of Australopithecus africanus that

were found in South Africa. (2)
Life Sciences/P2 12 DBE/November 2015 (2)
2.9 List FOUR physical characteristics
NSC
of the hand that humans share
with African apes. (4)
(17)
QUESTION 3
Question 3
3.1 Study the diagrams below showing the different anatomical structures of a
3.1 chimpanzee
Study and abelow
the diagrams human. The diagrams
showing are not
the different drawn tostructures
anatomical scale. of a
chimpanzee and a human. The diagrams are not drawn to scale.

Diagram A Diagram B

Diagram C Diagram D

3.1.1
3.1.1 Provide
Provideaa
label forfor
label X.X. (1)(1)

3.1.2
3.1.2 Tabulate TWO
Tabulate anatomical
TWO differences
anatomical between
differences the jawsthe
between in jaws in
diagrams CC
diagrams and
andDD
which represent
which represent trends inin
trends human
human evolution.
evolution. (5)(5)

3.1.3
3.1.3 Account forLETTER
Give the the position
ONLY of X
of in the
the skull inthat
diagram diagram B.
represents: (2)

3.1.4 Explain theskull

(a) The significance of thebrain
with a larger shape of the spine that is associated
capacity (1)
with the skull in diagram B. (2)
(b) A more prognathous skull (1)
3.1.5 Explain why a cranial ridge is absent in modern humans but
3.1.4 present
Accountin some
for theofposition
the ancestors of humans.
of X in the skull in diagram B. (4)(2)
(14)
3.1.5
Copyright Reserved
Explain the significance of the shape of the spine that is associated
Please Turn Over
with the skull in diagram B. (2)
(12)
Life Sciences 4 Test: Human Evolution
NSC – Grade 12

3.2 Study the table below, which indicates some of the hominid fossils found in
the world and answer the questions that follow.

SPECIES REGION WHERE IT PERIOD OF

WAS FOUND EXISTENCE
(WHEN IT LIVED)

Australopithecus afarensis Eastern Africa 3,4–2,8 mya

Australopithecus africanus Southern Africa 2,1–2,8 mya

Australopithecus sediba Southern Africa 2,0–1,9 mya

Homo habilis Sub-Saharan (Africa) 2,3–1,4 mya

Homo erectus Africa, Europe, Asia 1,5–0,2 mya

Homo heidelbergensis Europe, China 0,6–0,35 mya

Homo sapiens Worldwide 0,2 mya–present

3.2.1 Explain why the information in the table supports the 'Out of Africa'
hypothesis. (3)

3.2.2 If a fossil of Australopithecus afarensis, dated 3,2 mya, is found in

Asia, explain the implications for the 'Out of Africa' hypothesis. (2)

3.2.3 Describe a genetic line of evidence that supports the 'Out of Africa'
hypothesis. (4)

(9)

TOTAL SECTION B: 40

GRAND TOTAL: 50

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 Basic Education
KwaZulu-Natal Department of Basic Education
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA

GRADE 12 LIFE SCIENCES

TEST MEMORANDUM: Human Evolution
MARKS: 50 TIME: 60 minutes
________________________________________________________________________________
SECTION A

QUESTION 1
1.1 Both A and BPP
1.2 A onlyPP
1.3 Both A and BPP
1.4 Both A and BPP
1.5 B onlyPP (10)
[10]

SECTION B
QUESTION 2

2.1 Australopithecus anamensis P (1)

2.2 - Homo heidelbergensisP

- is their most recent common ancestorP (2)

2.3 3mya – 2,4myaP

= 0,6PmyP (3)

2.4 - Australopithecus africanusP

- and Homo habilisP (2)

2.5 Homo erectusP (1)

2.6 Homo habilisP (1)

2.7 Tim WhiteP (1)

2.8 - LittlefootP
- Taung childP
- Mrs PlesP Any 2 (2)
(Mark FIRST TWO only)

2.9 - Opposable thumbsP

- Long upper armsP
- Freely rotating armsP
- Rotation around the elbowP
- Two hands with 5 fingers eachP
- Bare fingertipsP/Nails but no claws Any 4 (4)
(Mark FIRST FOUR only)
(17)

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 Life Sciences/P2 7 DBE/November 2015 (2)
Life Sciences 2 Test: Human Evolution
NSC – Memorandum
NSC – Grade 12
QUESTION 3
QUESTION 3
3.1 3.1.1 Foramen magnumP (1)
3.1 3.1.1 Foramen magnum (1)
3.1.2
3.1.2 DIAGRAM C DIAGRAM D
1. Large canines 1. Small canines
2. Diastema/spaces are present 2. Diastema/spaces between
between the teeth the teeth are not present
3. Jaw is U-shaped 3. Jaw is C-shaped
1 for theAny
table2 +x any
2+1 2 for
x 2 table(5) (5)
(Mark first TWO only)
3.1.3 - The foramen magnum/X in humans is located in a more forward
3.1.3 (a)position
B in the skullP (1)
- Indicating that the organism is bipedalP/since the spinal cord enters
(b) A (1) (2)
vertically
3.1.4 - The foramen magnum/X in humans is located below and
3.1.4 - The spine is S-shapedP
central/more forward position in the skull
-- to balance the weight/since
organism is bipedal abovethethespinal
hipsP/to
cordsupport the weight of a
enters vertically (2)
bipedal organism (2)
3.1.5 - The spine is S-shaped
3.1.5 - - Since the ancestors
to balance the weightofabove
humans
the ate
hipsraw,
/to hard foodP
support the weight
- theof amuscles operating their strong jaws had to be attached to a part (2)
bipedal organism
of the skull that was strongP/cranial ridge (12)
- Humans that eat soft, cooked foodP
3.2 3.2.1 - 1 year
have smaller jaws that do not need such a strong point of attachment(1)
for their musclesP (4)
(14)
3.2.2 Vancomycin (1)
3.2 3.2.1 - The oldest fossils P
3.2.3 - Originally very few of the bacteria had resistance
- ofto hominids (australopithecines and Homo habilis) are only found in
the antibiotic
AfricaP,
- The medication was not prescribed often /not over-prescribed
- - whilst
People thecompleted
younger fossils are found worldwidePwhich suggests that
their prescription
humans originated in Africa.
- It took long to develop resistance (3)
(Mark first ONE only) (Any 1) (1)
3.2.2 - The hypothesis will be rejectedP
3.2.4 - - since
Thereit was
would imply that
variation the origin
within of humans
the bacteria was in AsiaP and not
population
- Africa
where some bacteria were less resistant to the antibiotic (2)
3.2.3 - and other bacteria were more resistant to the antibiotic
- - Mitochondrial
When using the DNA antibiotic
can bethe less
used toresistant
trace thebacteria
maternal lineage of
are
all immediately killed
peopleP
- - Mutations
and the more in theresistant bacteriaDNA
mitochondrial survive
of all peopleP
- If the person does not complete
- Is also evident in the mitochondrial DNA the course of antibiotics
of an ancestral
- EveP/common
These resistantancestor
bacteria reproduce
- and the whole population consists of resistant bacteria
- that lived in AfricaP
in subsequent generations (Any 6) (6) (4)
(10) (9)

TOTAL SECTION B: 40
GRAND TOTAL: 50
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 Life Sciences Analysis Grid

Topic Test - Human Evolution

Cognitive Levels
Question A B C D
1.1 to 1.5 10

2.1 1
2.2 2
2.3 1 2
2.4 2
2.5 1
2.6 1
2.7 1
2.8 2
2.9 4

3.1.1 1
3.1.2 5
3.1.3 2
3.1.4 2
3.1.5 4

3.2.1 3
3.2.2 2
3.2.3 4
3.2.4

Actual Marks 20 13 10 7 50
Norm Marks 20 12,5 10 7,5 50
 Basic Education
KwaZulu-Natal Department of Basic Education
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA

LIFE SCIENCES

Grade 12

TOPIC TEST: PLANT HORMONES & HUMAN IMPACT

MARKS: 50 TIME: 60 minutes
_____________________________________________________________________________________

Question 1

Give the correct biological term for each of the following descriptions.
Write only the term next to the question number (1.1 to 1.5) in the ANSWER BOOK.

1.1 An increase in the earth’s average surface temperature as a result of the

enhanced greenhouse effect

1.2 The access to adequate, safe, nutritious food at all times for a healthy and
productive life

1.3 An underground layer of rock, permeable to water, which can lead to the
formation of wells and natural springs

1.4 The removal of trees on a large scale to create space for human activities

1.5 The illegal hunting or capturing of wild animals (5)

TOTAL QUESTION 1: [5]

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 NSC

Life Sciences Test: Plant Hormones & Human Impact

2.4 Describe how the blood glucoseNSC level in the
– Grade 12 human body is returned to normal
when the glucose level decreases to below normal. (4)
Question 2
2.5 The diagram below shows the results of an investigation carried out to
2.1 Andetermine the effect
investigation was ofcarried
auxinsout
on the growth of coleoptiles
to determine the effect (young shoots).
of auxins on the
growth of coleoptiles (young shoots).
The procedure was as follows:
The procedure was as follows:
• Three coleoptiles were used.
Coleoptile
- •Three A had
coleoptiles its used.
were apical bud removed.
Coleoptile B had its
- Coleoptile A had its apical
• apical
budbud covered with a black plastic cover.
removed.
Coleoptile
- •Coleoptile C had
B had its apical
its apical budbud covered
covered withwith a transparent
a black plastic cover.
plastic cover.
All three
- •Coleoptile coleoptiles
C had its apical(A,
budBcovered
and C) were
with then exposed
a transparent plastictocover.
unilateral
sunlight.
- All three coleoptiles (A, B and C) were then exposed to unilateral sunlight.
The diagram below shows the results of the investigation.
The diagram below shows the results of the investigation.

Transparent
Black plastic plastic cover
cover
Unilateral
sunlight

Coleoptile

2.1.1
2.5.1 Explain the results
Explain obtained,
the results as shown
obtained, by coleoptile:
as shown by coleoptile:

(a) (a)
B B (3)
(3)

(b) (b)
C C (5)
(4)

2.1.2
2.5.2 Explain why why
Explain lateral branches
lateral are likely
branches to develop
will develop in coleoptile
in coleoptile A. A. (2)
(2)
(9)
(10)
[40]

2.2. When a plant falls over and lies horizontally, the root starts to grow
downwards. This is known as geotropism.

Describe the role of auxins in geotropism in the above example. (5)

Copyright reserved Please turn over
TOTAL QUESTION 2: [15]

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Life Sciences Test: Plant Hormones & Human Impact
NSC – Grade 12

Question 3

3.1 A farmer conducted an investigation to determine which type of fertiliser (A or

B) would provide a better yield for her wheat crop.

The investigation was carried out as follows:

- She divided her farm into two plots (1 and 2) of the same size.
- She planted the same type of crop, namely wheat, in both plots.
- She used a different type of fertiliser in each plot.
- She used water from a river which flows through the farm to irrigate her
crop.
- She recorded the yield of wheat per plot.

The results were as follows:

Plot Fertiliser Yield of wheat

(tons)
1 A 7.8
2 B 12.6

3.1.1 Identify the dependent variable in this investigation. (1)

3.1.2 List TWO factors that were kept constant in this investigation. (2)

3.1.3 Other than repeating the investigation, state ONE way in which the
reliability of the results could be increased. (1)

3.1.4 Explain how the excessive use of fertilisers can affect biodiversity if
it is washed into the river. (5)

3.1.5 If the farmer plants wheat repeatedly in monoculture over many

years, state TWO negative effects this may have. (2)
(11)

3.2 Describe how the large-scale removal of trees may lead to global warming. (4)

TOTAL QUESTION 3: [15]

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Life Sciences Test: Plant Hormones & Human Impact
NSC – Grade 12

Question 4

After a recent soccer match between Kaizer Chiefs and Orlando Pirates at the Moses Mabhida
stadium in Durban, a large amount of solid waste was left behind by the fans.

The pie chart below shows data on 5200 kilograms of waste collected from the stadium.

Percentage of different types of waste

collected at the Moses Mabhida Stadium

10%
Paper 45%
Plastic
13%
Cans

32%
Glass

The above material was recycled once it was collected. The table below shows the amount of
new products recovered/made from the recycling of the different types of waste.

Waste material Percentage recovered

Cans 69
Paper 59
Glass 25
Plastic 17

4.1 Which ONE of the waste materials listed above was recovered the most? (1)

4.2 Calculate the amount of glass (in kilograms) that was collected from the
stadium. Show ALL working. (2)

4.3 Draw a bar graph to represent the data in the table. (6)

4.4 Explain TWO advantages of recycling. (4)

4.5 When solid waste is dumped in a landfill site, explain why the landfill site is
first lined by a layer of impermeable plastic. (2)

TOTAL QUESTION 4: [15]

GRAND TOTAL: [50]

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 Basic Education
KwaZulu-Natal Department of Basic Education
REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA

GRADE 12 LIFE SCIENCES

TEST MEMORANDUM: PLANT HORMONES & HUMAN IMPACT
MARKS: 50 TIME: 60 minutes
_____________________________________________________________________________

Question 1

1.1.1 Global warmingü

1.1.2 Food securityü
1.1.3 Aquiferü
1.1.4 Deforestationü
1.1.5 Poachingü (5 x 1) (5)
Total Question 1: [15]

Question 2

2.1 2.1.1 (a)

- The tip of the shoot does not receive any lightP
- The auxins remain uniformily distributed in the tipP
- All parts of the shoot are equally stimulated to growP
- so the shoot grows straight upP Any (3)

(b)
- The tip of the shoot is exposed to unilateral lightP
- The auxins in the tip move away from the lightedP/to the darker side
of the shoot
- The high concentration of auxins on the dark sideP
- stimulates growthP
- whilst the low concentration of auxins on the lit sideP
- inhibits growthP
- This uneven growth causes the shoot to bend towards the lightP
Any (5)

2.1.2 - The apical bud is removed therefore no auxins are producedP

- Apical dominance is therefore removedP (2)
(10)

2.2 - Auxins accumulate on the lower side of the root ü

- due to gravityü
- Higher auxin concentration on lower side of the rootü
- inhibits growthü
- The lower concentration of auxins on the upper side of the rootü
- stimulates growthü
- As a result of this uneven growthü the root grows downwards Any (5)
Total Question 2: [15]

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Life Sciences 2 Test: Plant Hormones & Human Impact
NSC – Grade 12

Question 3

3.1 3.1.1 Yield of wheatü (1)

3.1.2 - Same size of plotü

- Same cropü/wheat
- Same source of waterü Any (2)
(Mark first TWO only)

3.1.3 - Increase the size of the plotsü

- Use more than one plot for each type of fertilizerü Any (1)
(Mark first ONE only)

3.1.4 - It increases the nutrient content of the waterü/eutrophication occurs

- This causes an increase in algal growthü
- The algae block out the lightü
- reducing photosynthesisü
- Plants and animals depending on them dieü
- increasing decompositionü
- leading to a depletion of oxygenü Any (5)

3.1.5 - Depletes nutrients from the soilü

- Decreases quality of topsoilü
- Leads to decreased yieldü
- Increases pestsü
- Leads to soil erosionü
- Decreases biodiversityü Any (2)
(Mark first TWO only) (11)

3.2 - There will be less photosynthesisü

- Less carbon dioxide will be used upü
- Carbon dioxide will therefore accumulate in the atmosphereü
- trapping heat within the earth’s atmosphereü
- causing the enhanced greenhouse effectü Any (4)

Total Question 3: [15]

Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over

Life Sciences 3 Test: Plant Hormones & Human Impact
NSC – Grade 12

Question 4

4.1 Cansü (1)

(Mark first ONE only)

4.2 32 ü 5200ü
100 x

= 1 664kg ü (2)

4.3

Percentage products recovered

from different types of waste
80
Percentage recovered

69
59
60
40 25
17
20
0
Cans Paper Glass Plastic
Waste material

Guideline for the assessing the graph

Bar graph drawn 1

Title of graph 1
Correct label for X-axis and Y-axis 1
Correct scale for X-axis (same width of bars 1
and spaces between bars) and Y-axis
Drawing of bars 1: 1 to 3 bars plotted correctly
2: All 4 bars plotted correctly
(6)

4.4 - Pollution/dumping is reducedü

as more scrap materials will be usedü
- Less waste goes to landfillsü
therefore requiring fewer landfill sitesü
- Cost effectiveü/economical
since decreased need for new raw materials ü
- Create jobsü
reducing employmentü/crime
- Reduce exploitation of natural resourcesü
because it lowers the dependence on raw materialsü (Any 2 x 2) (4)
(Mark first TWO only)

4.5 - It prevents toxic substancesü

- from seeping into the water tableü (2)

Total Question 4: [15]

GRAND TOTAL: [50]

Copyright Reserved Please Turn Over

 Life Sciences Analysis Grid

Topic Test - Plant Hormones & Human Impact on the Environment

Cognitive Levels
Question A B C D
1.1 1
1.2 1
1.3 1
1.4 1
1.5 1

2.1.1 3
2.1.2 5
2

2.2 5

3.1.1 1
3.1.2 2
3.1.3 1
3.1.4 5
3.1.5 2

3.2 4

4,1 1
4.2 2
4.3 1 3 2
4.4 4
4.5 2

Actual Marks 17 13 10 10 50
Norm Marks 20 12,5 10 7,5 50