Introduction to Web

Engineering
Asis Jamal
Web Engineering
• Web engineering focuses on the methodologies, techniques, and
tools that are the foundation of Web application and websites
development.

• Book: T. A. Powell and Powell, HTML & CSS the complete reference. New York: McGraw-Hill
• Marks Division:
Quizzes 10% Office Hours:
Assignments 10%
Tuesday: 10:30 AM to 11:30 AM
Project + Task 20% Wednesday: 10:30 AM to 11:30 AM
Mid Term 20 %
Final Term 40% Office# A-201 (2B)
Web Application
• A Web application (Web app) is an application program that is stored
on a remote server and delivered over the Internet through a browser
interface.
• A web application is application software that runs in a web browser,
unlike software programs that run locally and natively on the
operating system of the device.
Types of Applications
• Console Applications
• Windows Application
• Web Application
• Mobile Application
Types of Web Applications
• Static web application.
• Dynamic web application.
• E-Commerce web application.
• Single-page web application.
• Portal web application.
• Content management system web application.
• Animated web applications.
• Rich Internet web applications.
Difference between Websites and Web
Application
• A website provides visual and text content that the user can see and
read, but not affect in any way.
• Web application, the user can not only read the page content but also
manipulate the data on this page.
• Web application is interactive for users. Web site is not interactive for
users.
• A website is a group of globally accessible, interlinked web pages
which have a single domain name.
• Web application is a piece of software which is accessed by the
browser
Internet
• The Internet, sometimes called simply "the Net," is a worldwide
system of computer networks -- a network of networks in
which users at any one computer can, if they have permission,
get information from any other computer (and sometimes talk
directly to users at other computers).
Internet Protocols
• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
• Internet Protocol (IP)
• User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
• Post office Protocol (POP)
• Simple mail transport Protocol (SMTP)
• File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
• Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
• Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS)
•Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
• TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol a communications
standard that enables application programs and computing devices to
exchange messages over a network.
• It is designed to send packets across the internet and ensure the
successful delivery of data and messages over networks.
Internet Protocol (IP)
• The Internet Protocol (IP) is the method for sending data from one
device to another across the internet.
• Every device has an IP address that uniquely identifies it and enables
it to communicate with and exchange data with other devices
connected to the internet.
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
• User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is a communications protocol
that is primarily used to establish low-latency and loss-tolerating
connections between applications on the internet.
• UDP speeds up transmissions by enabling the transfer of data
before an agreement is provided by the receiving party.
Simple mail transport Protocol (SMTP) /
Post office Protocol (POP)
• The post office protocol (POP) is the most commonly used message
request protocol in the Internet world for transferring messages from
an e-mail server to an e-mail client.
• The Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is an Internet standard
communication protocol for electronic mail transmission.
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
• The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard communication protocol
used for the transfer of computer files from a server to a client on a
computer network.
• FTP is built on a client–server model architecture using separate
control and data connections between the client and the server.
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) /
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS)
• HTTP is a protocol for fetching resources such as HTML documents. It
is the foundation of any data exchange on the Web and it is a client-
server protocol, which means requests are initiated by the recipient,
usually the Web browser.
• Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application-layer protocol for
transmitting hypermedia documents, such as HTML.
• Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) is an extension of the
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). It is used for secure
communication over a computer.
• In HTTPS, the communication protocol is encrypted using Transport
Layer Security or, formerly, Secure Sockets Layer.
URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
• A Uniform Resource Locator, colloquially termed a web address, is a
reference to a web resource that specifies its location on a computer
network and a mechanism for retrieving it.
Web Browser
• A web browser (commonly just called a browser) is application
software for accessing websites. When a user requests a web
page from a particular website, the browser retrieves its files from
a web server and then renders the page on the user's screen.
• Examples:
ISP (Internet Service Provider)
• An Internet Service Provider (ISP) is a company such as PTCL, AT&T,
Verizon, Comcast, or Spectrum that provides Internet access to
companies, families, and even mobile users. ISPs use fiber-optics,
satellite, copper wire, and other forms to provide Internet access to
its customers.
Hyperlink
• In computing, a hyperlink, or simply a link, is a digital reference to
data that the user can follow or be guided by clicking or tapping.
• Examples:
• Wiki
• Google
DNS (Domain Name System (DNS)
• DNS, or the Domain Name System, translates human readable
domain names (for example, www.amazon.com) to machine readable
IP addresses (for example, 192.0. 2.44).
Web Generations
Web Generations
A simple HTML Example

• The HTML document itself begins